Rayuwa da Works of Prokofiev

Man sabon abu a cikin haske rawaya takalma, checkered, tare da ja-orange taye, dauke da wani karfi haddasa - don haka ya bayyana Prokofiev Sviatoslav Richter, babban Rasha pianist. Wannan bayanin ba zai iya zama mafi alhẽri dace da hali na mawaki da music. Creativity Prokofiev - shi ne wata taska trove na music da mu kasa da al'adunsu, amma kuma da rayuwar da mawaki ne babu kasa mai ban sha'awa. Tafi zuwa ga West a farkon juyin juya halin da kuma rayu a can na tsawon shekaru 15, da mawaki ya zama daya daga cikin 'yan "returnees", cewa ya juya ga zurfin sirri bala'i.

Sergeya Prokofeva kerawa shi yiwuwa a takaita: ya rubuta mai yawa music, aiki a mabanbanta nau'o'i, jere daga kananan piano guda da kuma kawo karshen music ga fina-finan. Irrepressible makamashi ne kullum turawa da shi zuwa daban-daban gwaje-gwajen, kuma ko da cantata tasbihi Stalin, ya burge tare da sosai m music. Shin cewa wani shagali domin bassoon da kuma ƙungiyar makaɗa na jama'a yana da ba Prokofiev. Biography da kuma aiki da wannan babban Rasha mawaki da za a tattauna a wannan labarin.

Shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma na farko matakai a music

Sergei Prokofiev aka haife shi a 1891 a kauyen Sontsovka Ekaterinoslav lardin. Daga farkon yara, mu ayyana biyu na ta siffofin: wani musamman m yanayi da rinjãya craving for music. A shekaru biyar da ya riga ya fara rubuta a kananan kadan guda domin piano, 11 rubuta wannan yara wasan opera "The Giant", aka yi nufi ga hannu cikin gida wasan kwaikwayo da yamma. Sa'an nan a Sontsovka ya dakatar da matasa, a lokacin har yanzu ba a sani ba mawaki Reinhold Glier koyar da yaro na farko basira, da kuma compositional dabara na buga fiyano. Glier Mãdalla da malami, a karkashin ya shiriya, Prokofiev cika da dama manyan fayiloli tare da su sabon qagaggun. A 1903, tare da duk wannan dũkiya, sai ya tafi shigar da St. Petersburg kide. Rimsky-Korsakov ya samu sha'awar da irin wannan himma da kuma nan da nan ya shiga da shi a cikin aji.

Shekaru da horo a St. Petersburg Conservatory

A Prokofiev Conservatory karatu abun da ke ciki da kuma jituwa a Rimsky-Korsakova Na U Liadov, da kuma wasa da piano - at Esipova. M, na bincike, kaifi, ko da caustic harshe, ya zama ba kawai mai yawa abokai, amma kuma abokan gaba. A wannan lokaci ya fara kai ya shahara diary, wanda zai kawo karshen kawai da motsa a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, daki-daki rubutu kusan a kowace rana ransa. Prokofiev sha'awar kome da kome, amma mafi yawansu duk ya dauki dara. Ya iya tsayawa for hours a gasa, kallon wasan Masters, kuma ya amfana da shi a wannan yanki gagarumin ci gaba fiye da wuce yarda da girman kai.

Piano ayyukan Prokofiev aka kuma ru a lokacin da farko da na biyu Sonata da farko concert for piano da kuma ƙungiyar makaɗa. da mawaki ta style aka tsare a lokaci daya - mai sabo ne, sabon, m da tsoro. Ya sũranta su sun ba magabata, ko magadansa. A gaskiya, shi ne haƙĩƙa, ba haka al'amarin. Topics Creativity Prokofiev zo daga wani taƙaitaccen amma sosai hayayyafa ci gaban Rasha music, Azancin ci gaba da hanya fara da Mussorgsky, Dargomyzhsky da Borodin. Amma, refracted a wani ƙwazo hankali, Sergei Sergeyevich, suka ba Yunƙurin zuwa wani rarrabe m harshe.

Tunawa da tsantsa na Rasha, har Scythian ruhu, Prokofiev ta m yi a kan masu sauraro kamar sanyi shawa, haifar da wani m ni'ima ko kyama perturbed. Ya zahiri ya shigo cikin music duniya - da St. Petersburg Conservatory, ya kammala karatunsa a matsayin pianist kuma mawaki, wasa a karshe jarrabawa ta farko da Piano Concerto. Hukumar, a fuskar Rimsky-Korsakov, Liadov da sauran razana ta haddasa, dissonant guitar kuma doke a kan tabo, mai kuzari, ko da dabbanci irin Playing. Duk da haka, ba su iya fahimtar cewa suna fuskantar wani iko da sabon abu a cikin music. Evaluation na High Commission ya biyar da uku abũbuwan amfãni.

A ziyararsa ta farko zuwa kasashen Turai

A matsayin lada ga nasara kammala Conservatory Sergey samu daga mai tafiya zuwa London ta uba. A nan sai ya zama da hankali Masana Diaghilev, wanda nan da nan yayi nazari a wani matasa mawaki of ƙwarai kwarewa. Ya taimaka Prokofiev shirya yawon shakatawa a Roma, kuma Naples, da kuma bada umurni a rubuta ta rawa. Kamar wancan ne aka haife "Ala kuma Lollius". A mãkirci Diaghilev ƙaryata saboda "banality" da kuma ba da shawara na gaba lokaci rubuta wani abu a kan wani Rasha theme. Prokofiev fara aiki a kan rawa "The Tale na jester, jesters bakwai pereshutivshego" kuma a lokaci guda ya fara kokarin hannunsa a rubuta wani wasan kwaikwayo. Canvas da labari da aka zaba domin mãkirci na Dostoevsky "The yar wasan caca", wani yara fi so mawaki.

Kada ka shagala da Prokofiev da ya fi so kayan aiki. A 1915, ya fara rubuta piano guda sake zagayowar "wucewa", bude lyrical kyauta, wanda a baya a cikin "mawaki-kwallon" bai san wani. Lyrics Prokofiev - musamman jigo. Wuce yarda da m da kuma m, saye da hujjõji, da tunani-bakin ciki irin zane, shi ne na farko na dukkan bautar da da sauki. Creativity Prokofiev nuna cewa shi mai girma melodist kuma ba kawai a hallakar da hadisai.

Kasashen waje lokaci Sergei Prokofiev rai

A gaskiya ma, haure Prokofiev ya ba. A 1918, sai ya juya zuwa Lunacharsky, da sai jama'ar kasar Commissar of Education, tambayar izinin tafiya kasashen waje. Ya aka bai da wani fasfo da kuma goyon bayan da takardun ba karewa, a cikin abin da manufar da tafiya aka kaddamarda da kafa al'adu dangantakar da kiwon lafiya kyautatuwa. da mawaki mahaifiyar ya dade a Rasha, Sergei Sergeyevich ya ba da yawa damuwa muddin bai sa shi zuwa Turai.

Da farko, Prokofiev tafi America. Kamar 'yan watanni masu zuwa kamar yadda sauran manyan Rasha pianist kuma mawaki - Sergei Rachmaninoff. A kishi tare da shi sun Prokofiev ta babban aiki a farko. Rachmaninoff nan da nan ya zama sosai shahara a Amurka, da kuma Prokofiev wazo bikin ya kowace nasara. Its dangane da m abokin aiki da aka sosai gauraye. A tsarin sautinsu da mawaki na wannan lokaci na kowa sunan Sergei Vasilievich. Abin lura ga m pianism da kuma godiya ingancin kida, Prokofiev ji cewa Rachmaninoff overly indulge da dandani na jama'a da kuma 'yan rubuta nasa music. Sergey yi wa fiye da shekaru ashirin da ransa waje na Rasha rubuta sosai kadan. A karo na farko bayan da gudun hijira, ya kasance a cikin wata mai zurfi da kuma shafe tsawon ciki, wahala daga m nostalgia. Sergeya Prokofeva kerawa kamar yadda ya zama kamar ma, ba su sha wahala daga rashin sadarwa da motherland. A da wannan baiwa.

Rayuwa da Works of Prokofiev a Amurka da Turai

A kan tafiya zuwa Turai, Prokofiev sake gana da Diaghilev, wanda ya roke shi zuwa rework da music of "The Jester". Staging wannan rawa kawo wa mawaki na farko sa mamaki nasara kasashen waje. Wannan ya biyo ta shahara wasar kwaikwayo ta waka "The Love for Three lemu", wanda ya kasance cikin watan Maris na wannan wasa encores matsayin C-kaifi-qananan share fage Rachmaninoff. Wannan lokaci, Prokofiev cinye America - farko na wasan opera "The Love for Three lemu" da aka gudanar, a Birnin Chicago. Duka wadannan ayyuka da yawa a cikin na kowa. M, wani lokacin ma satirical - kamar yadda, misali, a cikin "Love", inda Prokofiev Abin mamaki sa ƙãra romantic a matsayin mai rauni, kuma sickly haruffa - su gush yawanci Prokofiev makamashi.

A shekarar 1923 da mawaki zauna a Paris. Ga ya gana da kyau matasa singer Linoy Kodinoy (mataki sunan Lina Lubero), wanda daga baya zai zama matarsa. Ilimi, mai ladabi, mai ban mamaki kyakkyawa, Clemente nan da nan ja hankalin wasu. Ta dangantaka da Sergei samo asali ne ba sosai santsi. Na dogon lokaci, shi ya kasance ba ya so ya tabbatar da kyawon da dangantaka, la'akari da cewa artist ya zama free daga duk wani wajibai. Sun yi aure ne kawai a lokacin da Lina tana da juna biyu. Yana kasance cikakken m biyu Lina a wata hanya ba, baya ga Prokofiev - ba a cikin hali na 'yancin kai, babu burinsu. Tsakanin su, sau da yawa jayayya, bi da wani m sulhu. A bikin keɓe da kuma gaskiya na ji Lina evidenced da cewa shi ne ba kawai bi da Sergey a wani for ta kasa, amma kuma ya kasa na shan wani kofin na Soviet Final tsarin, ya kasance da aminci ga mawaki har mutuwarsa, sauran matarsa da kuma kulawa da gado ne.

Sergeya Prokofeva kerawa yayin samu wani gagarumin bambancin da ake nuna a cikin romantic gefe. Daga alkalami zo da wasar kwaikwayo ta waka "The rashin tsoro Angel" by Bryusov ta labari. A ciki na da hali canjawa wuri zuwa ga music tare da taimakon da duhu, Wagnerian harmonies. Yana wani sabon kwarewa ga wani mawaki, kuma ya yi aiki da farincikin a kan wannan yanki. Kamar yadda a kullum, ya yi shi daidai. Jigo wasar kwaikwayo ta waka abu da aka daga baya amfani a cikin Uku Symphony, daya daga cikin mafi overtly romantic ayyuka, wanda shi ne ba yawa aiki ya hada da Prokofiev mawaki.

iska dan hanya ƙasar

A Sanadin da mawaki ta koma Tarayyar Soviet da 'yan. A rayuwa da kuma aiki na Sergeya Prokofeva tushen da aka haɗa ta Rasha. Bayan zaune a ƙasashen waje domin shekaru 10, ya fara jin cewa iska asar waje, yana da mummunan tasiri a kan yanayin. Ya kullum corresponded tare da abokinsa, da mawaki N. Ya. Myaskovskim sauran a Rasha, razuznavaya halin da ake ciki a gida. Hakika, da Soviet gwamnati suka yi dukan abin yiwu don samun koma Prokofiev. Ya zama dole, don ƙarfafa kasar girma. Don shi a kai a kai ka aika zuwa ga wani nufi al'adu ma'aikata a Paints bayyana yadda mai haske nan gaba jiran shi a gida.

A 1927 Prokofiev sanya farko tafiya zuwa Tarayyar Soviet. Suka yarda da shi tare da babbar sha'awa. A Turai, duk da nasarar da ayyukansa, yadda ya kamata fahimtar da juyayi ba ya iya samu. Kishi da Rachmaninoff da Stravinsky ba ko da yaushe yanke shawarar a cikin ni'imar Prokofiev, cewa pricked da girman kai cũta. A Rasha, yana sa a sami abin da ya rasa - a gaskiya fahimtar da music. Dumi maraba exerted da mawaki a tafiyarka a cikin shekaru 1927 da 1929, ya sa shi ya yi tunani da kyau game da makõma take. Musamman ma abokai na Rasha a haruffa cikin farin ciki gaya yadda ban mamaki shi za a zauna a kasar majalisarku. Kawai wanda ya ba su yi shakka yi gargaɗi Prokofiev daga dawo, ya Myaskovsky. A yanayi na 30s na karni na 20th ya riga ya fara tattarawa a kan kãwunansu, kuma ya san cewa zai iya jira da mawaki zahiri. Duk da haka, a cikin 1934, Prokofiev dauki yanke shawara ya je ya dawo a cikin kungiyar tarayyar.

makõma take

Prokofiev quite gaskiya ya gane kwaminisanci ideas, da mai gani da su da farko da marmarin ginawa wani sabon, free jama'a. Ya yi kira ga ruhin daidaito da kuma anti-bourgeois, wanda a hankali goyon jihar akidar. Shi ne gaskiya ce cewa da yawa Soviet mutane raba wadannan ra'ayoyi, ya yi yawa, quite frankly. Ko da yake cewa Prokofiev ta diary, wanda ya punctually jagoranci a lokacin duk da shekarun da suka gabata, karya kashe kawai tare da isowa a Rasha, da ke sa ka yi mãmãki, da yake da gaske Prokofiev bai san na iyawa daga cikin hukumomin kare tsaron da Tarayyar Soviet. Outwardly, an gano Soviet gwamnati da kuma masu biyayya ga mata, ko da yake dukan yana da kyau gane.

Duk da haka, 'yan qasar iska yana da matukar tasiri a kan hayayyafa aikin Prokofiev. Bisa ga mawaki kansa, sai ya nemi maza maza su shiga cikin aikin Soviet batutuwa. Mai ƙididdigewa ga darektan Sergeem Eyzenshteynom, ya farincikin daukan sama da aiki a kan music ga film "Alexander Nevsky". A kayan da aka haka wadãtacce, shi ne a yanzu yi a kide a matsayin cantata. A wannan cike da m upsurge aikin da mawaki ya nuna soyayya da kuma girman kai zuwa ga mutãnensa.

A 1935, Prokofiev kammala daya daga cikin mafi kyau na ayyukan da ya yi - da rawa "Romeo Juliet". Duk da haka, masu sauraro gan shi nan da nan. Idon ƙaryata rawa saboda wani farin ciki ƙarewa, wanda ba daidai da na ainihi Shakespeare, da kuma rawa da choreographers sun koka da cewa music bai dace da dance. New roba psychologization ƙungiyoyi, wanda ya bukaci da m harshe na rawa, aka ba nan da nan ya gane. A farko cika ya faru a Czechoslovakia a 1938, a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, da masu sauraro gan shi a cikin 1940 lokacin da starring Galina Ulanova da Konstantin Sergeyev. Sun gudanar ya gano da key zuwa fahimtar harshen mataki ƙungiyoyi da music of Prokofiev kuma ka yi tasbĩhi da wannan rawa. Har yanzu dauke su mafi kyau mai yi Ulanova kamar yadda Juliet.

"Yara" m Prokofiev

A 1935 Sergey tare da iyali na farko ziyarci Yara Musical wasan kwaikwayo a karkashin shugabanci na N. Sats. Prokofiev aka kama da mataki a kan mataki ne ba kasa da 'ya'yansa maza. Ya aka yi wahayi zuwa gare haka da ra'ayin yin aiki a cikin wannan salo cewa ya zarar ya rubuta wani m hikaya "Bitrus da Wolf." A cikin shakka daga cikin mataki na play mutane su sami zarafin su samu matsahi na saba da sauti na daban-daban kida. Prokofiev ta kerawa yara ma ya hada da song "talkers" a kan waqe Agnes Barto da suite "Winter wuta." Mawaki ƙaunar yara sosai da kuma gladly rubuta cikin music ga masu sauraro.

Karshen 1930s: ban tausayi jigogi a cikin ayyukan da mawaki

A karshen 30s na karni na 20th m kerawa Prokofiev aka Ribar da tashin hankali ya intonations. Wannan ne triad ya piano sonatas, da ake kira "soja" - The shida, bakwai da takwas. Su aka kammala a daban-daban sau: shida Sonatas - a 1940, na bakwai - a 1942, ta takwas - a shekarar 1944, amma aiki a kan waɗannan ayyuka da mawaki ya fara game da wannan lokaci - a shekara ta 1938. Shi ba a san abin da wadannan sonatas more - 1941 ko 1937. Sharp rhythms, dissonant harmonies, jana'izar da chimes zahiri shere da wadannan ayyuka. Amma a lokaci guda, sun fi a fili bayyana hankula Prokofiev lyrics: kashi na biyu na sonata - da taushi, interwoven da ƙarfi, Mai hikima. A farko na Bakwai Sonata, ga wanda Prokofiev samu da Stalin Prize, da aka gudanar a 1942 da Svyatoslava Rihtera.

Lamarin Prokofiev: na biyu aure

A cikin sirri na mawaki a wannan lokacin ma, wasan kwaikwayo ya faru. Hulda da birdies - abin da ake kira matarsa Prokofiev - bursting a seams. Independent da kuma m mace, saba wa wadanda mutane tattaunawa da fuskantar wani m karancin shi a cikin Union, Lina kullum ziyarci da waje ofisoshin jakadancin, abin da ya sa aka kusa da hankali na Hukumar Tsaron kasa. Cewa ya kamata iyaka irin reprehensible sadarwa, musamman a lokacin maras tabbas duniya halin da ake ciki, ya sha bayyana Zhene Prokofev. Biography da kuma aiki na mawaki sha wahala ƙwarai daga wannan hali Lina. Duk da haka, ba ta biya wani da hankali ga gargaɗin. Tsakanin maza sau da yawa jayayya, dangantaka, kuma ba tare da cewa gagarumin, ya zama ma fi tataccen. Duk da yake shakatawa a wani sanatorium, inda Prokofiev ya daya, sai ya sadu da wani matashi mace Mira Mendelson. Masu bincike har yanzu jayayya game da ko an ba musamman da aka aiko zuwa ga mawaki, da nufin kare shi daga mugun matarsa. Aminci ya 'yar wani ma'aikaci na Gosplan, don haka da cewa wannan version ba ze sosai m.

Yana da ba musamman kyau kuma wani kerawa, rubuta mediocre ayoyi, kada ku yi shakka a Quote su a cikin haruffa zuwa mawaki. Its main abũbuwan amfãni ne sujada na Prokofiev da matuƙar biyayya. Ba da da ewa, da mawaki yanke shawarar tambaye Lina saki, wadda ta ƙi ba shi. Lina san cewa, muddin ta zauna da matarsa Prokofiev, ta na da a kalla wasu da dama na tsira a cikin wannan maƙiya a gare ta kasar. Wannan ya biyo ta quite mai ban mamaki halin da ake ciki, wanda ko samu da sunan da daga yi na dokar - "Prokofiev ya faru." Hukumomi na Tarayyar Soviet mawaki ya bayyana cewa, tun lokacin da ya aure to Linoy Kodina an rajista a Turai, cikin sharuddan da dokoki da Tarayyar Soviet shi ba shi da inganci. A sakamakon haka, Prokofiev aure zuwa wani ba tare da duniya da rushe aure da Lina. Daidai wata daya daga bisani Lina aka kama shi kuma aika zuwa wani sansanin.

Prokofev Sergey Sergeevich: kerawa a cikin post-yaki shekaru

Abin da Prokofiev subconsciously tsoron faru, a 1948, lokacin da ya zo da m umurnin da gwamnati. "Gaskiya ne," da aka buga a cikin jaridar, shi Allah wadai da hanyar da tafi wasu composers kamar yadda ƙarya da dan hanya zuwa ga Soviet hali. Yawan irin wannan "shiryayyu" da kuma Prokofiev buga. Halayyar da mawaki ya kamar haka: anti-rare da formalistic. Wata mummunar duka. Domin shekaru masu yawa ya aka ƙaddara wa "shiru" Anna Akhmatova, ya jũya a cikin inuwar Shostakovich da kuma wasu masu zane-zane.

Amma Sergei Sergeyevich bai daina, ci gaba da yi a cikin style har karshen kwanaki. Prokofiev ta symphonic ayyukan 'yan shekarun nan ya kasance sakamakon dukan hanyar da composing. Bakwai Symphony, rubuta a shekara kafin mutuwarsa - shi ne wani biki da hikima da kuma m sauki, da sauran duniya, to wanda ya tafi har shekaru da yawa. Prokofiev ya mutu a kan Maris 5, 1953, a wannan rana kamar yadda Stalin. Ya tashi ya kusan kada a gane shi, saboda na zaman makoki a kan mutuwar mutanen ƙaunataccen shugaban.

Rayuwa da Works of Prokofiev za a iya taƙaice bayyana a matsayin m, yãƙi ga haske. Wuce yarda da rai-tsantsan, shi ya kawo mu kusanta zuwa da ra'ayin aiwatuwa girma Jamus mawaki Ludwig van Beethoven a swan song - Tara Symphony, wanda sauti a karshe Ode "Don Joy", "Rungume miliyoyi, ci a cikin daya daga farin ciki." Rayuwa da Works of Prokofiev - shi ne hanyar da mai girma artist, ransa aza sabis na kiɗa da ta girma asirai.