Sergey Eyzenshteyn: tarihin rayuwar, na sirri rayuwa, Filmography. Photo Eyzenshteyna Sergeya Mihaylovicha

Sunan Sergeya Eyzenshteyna da aka sani a ko'ina cikin duniya kamar yadda sunan daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa ma'adanin na cinema, kazalika mai girma master of Rasha avant-garde. Ya m Masterpieces har yanzu amfani a cikin Film Institute matsayin Littattafan for shigarwa da kuma shiryarwa ba.

Legacy darektan

A 2025, shi zai yi alama da 100th tunawa da Masterpieces na duniya cinema, da fim "jirgin ruwa na soja" Potemkin "." Sergei Mikhailovich ne kawai shekaru 27 da haihuwa sa'ad da ya dauki kashe da tef. 'Yan san abin da shekara da aka haife Sergey Eyzenshteyn, kuma ya rayu ne kawai shekaru hamsin (daga 1898 zuwa 1948.). Ya kamata a lura da cewa yayin da shi yana da mafi wuya da kuma ban tausayi sau a cikin tarihin kasar.

Sergey Eyzenshteyn, wanda Filmography hada game da ashirin da biyar da fina-finai, tare da mai kyau da rabi daga cikinsu suna game da Mexico, bar wani na musamman wasiyya, ba kawai a cikin nau'i na fina-finai. Yana kuma litattafan da Littattafan ga dalibai na cinema. A cikakken tarin da darektan ayyukan kunshi goma sha kundin. Daga su za ka iya koyi ban sha'awa bayani game da yadda akwai wani lokaci a cikin abin da ya zauna, ya kuma yi aiki Sergey Eyzenshteyn. Tarihin rayuwar supplemented da haruffa, aiki da bayanin kula, makala da articles.

Duniya gudanarwa Eisenstein

Famous fim darektan Mikhail Romm ya rubuta a cikin memoirs cewa sana'a ya yi karatu fim Eisenstein ta "jirgin ruwa na soja" Potemkin "." Ya kasance dalibi darektan ta hanya kuma yana da damar da za su yi aiki a tace studio "Mosfilm". Michael I. arba'in sau bita sanannen "jirgin ruwa na soja" Potemkin "," sosai bincikar da karatu staging, sauti, haruffa, hirar da disassembled frame hawa tsarin.

Karin Hitchcock dauki kansa almajiri da kuma bin mu mai girma darektan. Ya bai boye gaskiyar cewa a cikin aikinsa amfani da dabaru ƙirƙira by Sergei Mikhailovich. Sanannen "saspiens", da cewa shi ne mai ban mamaki hutu, pumped tashin hankali, samar da tashin hankali da yanayi - ta hanyar amfani da dabaru na Eisenstein, kamar: naturalistic cikakkun bayanai da kuma ji na ƙwarai to mutum sassa, daban-daban ra'ayoyi, ba zato ba tsammani da ragewa da kuma kara da abu slowing saukar da mugun gudu up lokaci ta hanyar da rhythmic hawa Frames, rinjayen sauti, shading, kuma haka a kan ..

Family & Iyaye

Sergey Eyzenshteyn, wanda sirri rayuwa ne a cikin adulthood - asirin bayan bakwai like, kazalika da da yawa daga cikin shahararrun abokan aiki, da kuma malamai bai halitta nasu iyali. Babu matarsa kuma yara ba obzavolsya. ya zargi da shi ga iyaye, wanda bai ba shi wata dace da ilimi a cikin al'amarin. Sergey Eyzenshteyn, wanda m aka nuna a kasa, aka kama kusa da uwarsa da ubansa a shekara biyu ko uku na shekaru.

Bayan wani tsanani abin kunya da ya faru a 1909, da rayuwar iyali na iyaye ya zama m jerin scandals da kuma m showdown. Little Serge aka tilasta saurare mama da kuma Papa, a kai a kai ya buɗe idanunsa a juna. Mama ta ce Sergei, mahaifinsa - barawo da mai scoundrel, da kuma mahaifinsa, bi da bi, ya ruwaito cewa mahaifiyarsa - mace Selling. Daga bisani, a 1912, lokacin da Sergei ya shekara 11 da haihuwa, iyayenta saki da kuma tarwatsa. By hukuncin Mai Tsarki taron majalisar Krista na da yaron ya zauna tare da mahaifinsa.

Aure na iyaye za a iya daukan unequal. Mother, Julia Ivanovna Konetskaya, ya zo daga wani m iyali. Mahaifinta, wani matalauci wakilin na birane aji, ya zo St. Petersburg daga Tikhvin. Akwai tsunduma a subcontracted aiki, tara a kananan babban birnin kasar da kuma aure da 'yar wani m m. Da zarar ya bude nasa kasuwancin - "Neva barzhnoe Company".

Uba na gaba darektan, Mihail Osipovich Eyzenshteyn, yana da wani Swedish-Yahudawa asalinsu. Zama da miji Yulii Ivanovny Konetskoy ya perevoz shi a Riga, inda aka haife shi, da kuma su ne kawai dan, Sergei.

Bayyanar da babban juzu'in tsakiya na Riga ne sun fi mayar saboda da ayyuka na Mihaila Eyzenshteyna. A rawar da ya taka a matsayin shugaba m na birnin, ya gina fiye da hamsin kyau Art Nouveau gine-gine. Suka har yanzu ƙawata babban birnin kasar na Latvia. Mikhail Osipovich bambanta da mai himma da kuma kyau kasuwanci halaye. Ya yi nasara aiki, tanã fita zuwa ga daraja da Jihar majalisar. Kuma shi ya ba da yara na da hakkin ya hereditary nobility.

Sergei Mikhailovich iyawa

Daga farkon yara, uba, Mihail Osipovich Eyzenshteyn, sanar da dansa ya karanta. Ya ba shi da wani kyakkyawan ilimi. Turanci, Jamusanci da kuma Faransa Sergey Eyzenshteyn mallakar kusan daidai. Yaron nan da sannu koya hau su, to play music a kan piano, shan hotuna. Kamar yadda wani fashion ba kare fasaha yaro, tare da babban amfani fahimtar daban-daban kimiyya da kuma kai ga sabon binciken. Bugu da kari, da kyau fentin.

Wurare da dama a Comics da majigin yara, wani lokacin sosai frivolous abun ciki, sanya su a cikin adulthood, ya ba Yunƙurin zuwa kungiyar ne musamman mai ban sha'awa nune-nunen. A farko da ya faru a shekarar 1957 a birnin Moscow. A nan gaba, m almara, majigin yara, da almara na kayayyaki da kuma shimfidar wuri domin play, staging zuwa fina-finai, images of Littafi Mai Tsarki da kuma wallafe-wallafen batutuwa, kazalika da zane-zane a lokacin da ya tafiyarka a Turai da Amirka, ya yi rangadin nahiyar baki daya na Turai da nahiyar Amirka. Bayan duk, kawai biyu fina-finan - "Alexander Nevsky" da "Ivan Grozny" - Sergey Eyzenshteyn sanya fiye da 600 zane.

Uba Sergeya Eyzenshteyna so in ga dansa m. A saboda wannan dalili, a 1915 Sergey shiga Petrograd Institute of Civil Engineers. By wannan lokaci da mahaifansa biyu, ya ware, da kuma mahaifinsa ya rayu a Berlin da matarsa.

malamai

Ruhaniya mahaifin Eyzenshteyn Sergey Mihaylovich ji babban gidan wasan kwaikwayo darektan Vsevoloda Emilevicha Meyerholda. Ya adored shi da shirka. An yi imani da cewa baiwa da kuma mugunta a daya mutum ba ya samun tare, amma Meyerhold ransa hana wannan da'awar sau da yawa. Sergey Mihaylovich Eyzenshteyn, biography - wani topic na mu review, ya rubuta cewa game da malaman a kan Theatrical shiryarwa ba da wannan: Meyerhold da wani musamman ikon koyi, ba na ba da dalibai da wani amfani ilmi. Eisenstein ya ce duk da darektan ta asĩri Meyerhold, ya ga kuma kẽwaye da zaran ya zo ga wani maimaitawa daga cikin play.

Kawai noticing da ãyõyin gwaninta a cikin wani daga cikin almajiransa, Meyerhold karkashin daya hujjar ko wani nan da nan samu kawar da yuwuwar kishiya. Ya yi Meyerhold yawanci ta hanyar mata. Sai ya tafi ya Eisenstein.

Idan Meyerhold ba ya so ya raba su ilmi da dalibai, da darektan Sergey Eyzenshteyn, a akasin haka, duk rayuwarsa da kuma iyawa sa a kan halittar duniya dokokin cinema, wanda ya frankly aka bayyana a cikin rubuce-rubucen a kan ma'adanin na cinema. Handbook na yan fim a duniya ka zama "Art of mise en scene", "Mizankadr", "Installation", "Hanyar" da "ba sha'aninsu dabam halitta."

Building film ka'idar

Ba tare da zama wani m, kamar yadda kamar mahaifinsa, Eyzenshteyn Sergey Mihaylovich, duk da haka, ya bar baya da wani ban sha'awa Schematic zane na wani gidan, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "gina ka'idar cinema." Wannan shiri za a iya daukan duniya. A shi ne ba kawai sauki harba fina-finai, shi ne kuma manufa domin ci gaban shirin don ci gaban cinema a general.

A gininsa a kan wanda duk tsarin - Hanyar Dialectics, cewa shi ne, tattaunawa, hadin gwiwa, rikici da kuma hadewa hadin gwiwa. A kan hanyar hoisted gaba farantin - ma'ana mutum. A karkashin wannan definition, tana nufin hanyoyin da mutane da bayyana da motsin zuciyarmu a cikin al'umma.

Sama, a kan farantin "mutum magana", suna hudu ginshikan - da pathos mizankadr, mise en scene da comic. Wadannan ginshikan, mafi daidai, da dalilai tare, ta hanyar shigarwa, haifar da ake so image cewa rinjayar da hankali na mutum tunani. Duk da wannan tare ne da falsafar art, a cikin wannan yanayin, da movie. Bugu da ari aiki a kan film shafi a-zurfin nazari na ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a da kuma fasaha. Wannan shi ne cikakken zama dole, a matsayin fuskantar kalubale da fim, aka kullum fadada, inganta fasahar, da kara ɗaukar hoto na masu sauraro, da ingancin nagartacce an tashi. Lashe zane flag da kalmar "film Hanyar".

Rikici ne da tuki da karfi na art

The kalmar "rikici" - a matsayin tushe a kan wanda ya ginu ne ma'adanin - a cikin ginin makirci na film ka'idar bace. Duk da haka, Sergey Eyzenshteyn ya gamsu da cewa rikici ne da tuki da karfi na duk matakai da suke da duka biyu m da kuma hallakaswa fuskantarwa. Da imani dogara ne a kan kansa yara abubuwan, a lokacin da ya aikata nesmyshlony yaro juya a kira su da wani ɓangare na da grand al'amuran da scandals da ya faru a tsakanin iyaye. Dangane da ke faruwa shi ne staging, in babu sauran haruffa, aka shiga Papa mama yadda halarci lalacewar da sauran, yadda da sulhu don warware wanda shi ne dama da kuma wanda yake ba daidai ba, yadda da m na su na zullumi rayuwa, har ma da matsayin mai yi errands a lokacin da shirun laifi mata. Shi ne mai ball, tashi daga daya daga cikinsu zuwa wani. Irin wannan rayuwa ne a akai rikici ba za a iya ajiye a Sergei Mikhailovich Outlook. A rikici ya zama na halitta, za ka iya ce, wani kiwo ƙasa domin shi.

Binciken baya, Sergey Eyzenshteyn ya rubuta cewa yara lamiri ba guda hallakaswa yi muhimmi talakawa yara. Ya bai karya toys, ba zai iya yin fitar da Agogon domin ganin abin da ke ciki su, ba ciwo da bala'in ba su kwance, kuma ba capricious. A takaice, shi ne cikakken yaro. Sergey Eyzenshteyn, da tarihin rayuwar da darektan cewa a takardar shaidar da ya aikatu duk unrealized yara pranks a cikin fina-finan. Wannan rashin damar ci gaba da sauƙi da kuma gano rayuwa kamar yadda ya faru da duk al'ada yara, bayyana a cikin da shi a cikin shekaru baya. Saboda haka na jini scenes na yanke hukuncin kisa, kisan kai, da dai sauransu, da dai sauransu .. Duk wadannan m hanyoyin da tasiri a kan masu sauraro, a kan su psyche, Eisenstein kira jan hankali.

Sufi daidaituwa ko m yanke shawara?

Sergey Eyzenshteyn, wanda biography nuna cewa ya kasance gaba daya m mutum, ya ƙunshi sufi events da facts, wanda ya dora muhimmanci.

Duk da yake karatu a cikin shekara ta biyu na Cibiyar Civil Engineers, ya aka kõma a cikin vortex na neman sauyi motsi. A watan Fabrairu na shekarar 1918, Eisenstein soja kurum marar a cikin Red Army da suka tafi wajen ƙofar. Domin shekaru biyu ya shiga cikin soja yi, ya halarci himma kamar yadda wani actor kuma darektan da fentin farfaganda taken horar da motoci.

A 1920 ya fito da wata gwamnati umurnin kyale dalibai komawa zuwa kolejoji da kuma sabunta cikin ilimi tsari. Sergey a wannan lokaci wani dandano ga Theatrical rayuwa, kuma ya kasance ba okin ya sake yin shiri da kuma gine-gine, kamar yadda ta bukata iyaye. Ya miƙa don ci gaba da karatunsa a Academy of Gaba Staff, da nufin a nan gaba ya zama mai fassara na Japan. Da tayin da aka haka riya cewa Eisenstein tunani. By wannan lokaci da babban birnin kasar da aka koma daga Petrograd zuwa Moscow, inda saurin bunkasuwar rayuwa - da wasan kwaikwayo musamman. A nan mai banrazana dare a lõkacin da ya karshe ya yanke shawarar karya tare da gine-gine, a lokaci guda da farkon ya sabuwar rayuwa kwatsam bugun zuciya tsayar mahaifinsa rayuwa - Mihaila Osipovicha Eyzenshteyna.

Daga wannan lokacin ya fara wani nasara da kuma m aiki na duniya-sanannen fim darektan Sergeya Eyzenshteyna.

Gode Peter Greenaway

A 2015, da fuska saki fim da Bitrus Greenaway "Eisenstein a Guanajuato". Wannan hoto ya sa ambivalence Rasha rabawa, duk da haka Greenaway jihohin da har yanzu ba su cire guda fim game da wani m darektan - wani babban tsallake. Mutane bukatar mu san abin da irin mutumin da aka girma Sergey Eyzenshteyn. Biography, darektan ta sirri rai da aikinsa a cikin fim bukatar nazari da bincike. Ya ba kawai don raunana baiwa. A akasin wannan, da ya so ya nuna yadda duniya ta canja wani talented mutum bayan tafiya a kusa da kasar, ba su tilasta ta totalitarian tsarin mulki. Bayan duk, don wani ba wani asirin da bayan shekara uku na nazarin rayuwar da kwastan na mutane a Turai, Amurka da kuma Latin America Sergey halin canza ra'ayinsa daga cikin manufofin da ayyuka na Soviet cinema. Da tsare-tsaren Greenaway - na biyu fim game da mu fice compatriot, "Musafiha Eisenstein." A wannan lokaci, Greenway so ya nuna wa rai na babban darektan to tafiya waje na Tarayyar Soviet.

Outlook sake fasalin kudin

Eisenstein a farkon sosai da babban yawon shakatawa wani wuri a Turai sayi desyatitomnik Frazer "The Golden bough". Shi ne saboda wannan littafi, sai ya tara bayanai game da addinan duniya tun lokacin da ya zuwa yau. A ra'ayin na abin bautawa kamar yadda hatsi, mutuwa da kuma tashe, ya sa a cikin shi da ra'ayin keke to duk duniya.

Kwana goma a Mexico sun bude shi wani sabon hangen zaman kan zamantakewa dangantakar a general da cinema musamman. Ya ga cewa mun gwada da kananan yanki iya lumana rayu tare da kusan dukkan tarihi zamantakewa umarni - da m, mulkin gargajiya, jari hujja da kuma gurguzu ko.

Ina son a lura da cewa a Mexico ya zuwa yanzu, fiye da shekaru 70, Eisenstein yana dauke da lamba daya darektan. Wannan ba abin mamaki bane, domin shi ne akwai nasnimal mãkirci 80 000 mita fim. Shi ne rare tare da yan unguwa da kuma hanya ta rayuwa, na kasa hadisai, da kyau na faɗi, bala'o'i, kuma da yawa ban sha'awa da cikakken bayani kuma da cikakken bayani game da rayuwar kabilar Latino.

Saboda complexities na mallaka ba mu da damar ganin dukkan wannan kaya, wanda yake shi ne tausayi. A Amurka, dangane da Eisenstein kamfanin "Paramount" shigar 'yan fina-finan da suka samu babbar nasara. Dalla game da m saga tare da fina-finan da za a iya karanta a cikin mujallar "Soviet Screen" for 1974, marubucin - R. Yurenev.

Back gida, Sergei Mikhailovich, tare da marubuci (kamar yadda a cikin 'yan baya Chekist) Aleksandrom Rzheshevskim sa yin aiki a kan wani fim. A wannan lokaci na collectivization - "Bezhin makiyaya." Ya dauki matsayin tushen labarin Pavlik Morozov, wanda bisa ga ƙirƙira by Eisenstein, kashe kansa mahaifin ta hannunsu. A farko bambance-bambancen manoman yi ɓarna coci shirya a ta kulob din. A karo na biyu - da manoma na kokarin ajiye coci daga wuta. A fim da aka dakatar da akida dalilai, amma film yana wanke bãya. Kawai 'yan hotuna da fim daga cikin fim. Su shafi ikon da m tasiri a kan viewer.

A rabo daga cikin darektan sun rataye a cikin balance. Ya tsallaka rijiya kama shi, aka dakatar daga koyarwa a VGIK, amma ko ta yaya kubutar da kuma samu damar aiki a kan, yanzu a kan wani m film "Alexander Nevsky".

"Ya rayu, tunani, da kuma sha'awar", - irin wannan epitaph son ganin matasa Sergei Mikhailovich a kan dutsen kabari.

A karshen rayuwa bayan wani ciwon zuciya, wanda ya faru a shekarar 1946, Eisenstein, da nazarin nasu kaddara, rubuta, ga alama, an ko da yaushe neman kawai da abu daya - a hanya don daidaituwa da kuma sulhu na mai saɓani jam'iyyun. Wadanda hamayya da juna cewa fitar da duk matakai a duniya. A tafiya zuwa Mexico nuna masa cewa kungiyar ba zai yiwu, duk da haka, - Sergey fili gan shi - su ne quite real domin ya koyar da zaman lafiya.