Tsarki Dormition sufi na Sviyazhsk

A tsakiyar XVI karni, tare da musamman acuteness Rasha kulla wata gwagwarmaya tare da m maƙwabcinsa - da Kazan Khanate. Domin yaki da ake bukata a dogara da goyon baya da tushe, kuma wannan karshen, a 1551, jim kadan kafin kama na Kazan Ivanom Groznym, aka kafa sansanin soja a garin Sviyazhsk. Location zaba masa a cikin bakinsa Sviyagi. Ba da da ewa, birnin ya girma, ya mai gundumar cibiyar, kuma a 1555 shi ta kafa wani zuhudu cloister, wanda daga baya ya zama sananne a matsayin ɗauka cewa Sviazhsky sufi.

A tushe na Kazan diocese da sufi

Shekara na kafuwar sufi alama wani muhimmin taron a cikin rãyuwar yankin - kafa na Kazan diocese. Wannan ya yiwu ne da godiya ga mai daraja nasarori na Rasha makamai, sa an kawo karshen mulkin na Tatar khans a kan bankunan na Volga. A wannan batun, sufi da aka kafa a nan ya kamata ya zama a cibiyar na ruhaniya, ilimi da kuma mishan ayyukan. Da ManzanninSa a kan baya da karni biyu, dauke da hasken Orthodoxy cikin Tsakiya Volga yankin.

The kafa na sufi da ta farko rector ya Archimandrite Herman (Sadyrov Field). A ar ashin sarautarsa sufi girma da kuma tsiwirwirinsu ƙarfi. Times kasance sosai m. Broken kusa Kazan Tatars warwatse a kusa da ake hada cikin wani gungu kai hari a ƙauyukanta. Ba sau daya yana da natsuwa a cikin cloister, katse salla, to ɗauki makamai.

Babban ascetic, Archimandrite Herman

Very ƙwarai hanya na pastoral hidima, haƙĩƙa, sun shige Archimandrite Herman. Barin su da lokaci-tushen Sviazhsky sufi, ya jagoranci duk Kazan diocese, zama ta biyu Akbishop. A 1566, a umurnin da Ivana Groznogo, ya isa a birnin Moscow, inda ya aka tambaye tafi har zuwa Moscow Metropolitan sashen maimakon auku a cikin disfavor sarauta Lardi Philip.

Duk da haka, daga irin wannan babban daraja, kuma ya qi, shan bangarorin da abin zargi bishop fara la'anta muguntar kasanta da tsarist henchmen. Nesa daga fada da ewa ba, Archimandrite gama a duniya shakka a 1567. A yanayi na mutuwarsa har yanzu kasance m. A cewar daya daga version ya kashe, da kuma a kan sauran - ya mutu a lokacin da wani annoba da cutar.

Bayan mutuwarsa, na farko mazaunin na sufi da aka ɗaukaka cikin fuskar tsarkaka, da kuma a 1592 ya kaya sun babban haramin sufi. A cikin littattafai na ɗauka Cathedral, inda suka binne shi, shi yiwuwa a karanta mai yawa records, shaida ga mu'ujizai saukar da su ta hanyar da addu'o'in da parishioners da Ruhbãnãwa haƙĩƙa sunã kansu.

A shekaru na ci gaba ga sufi

A heyday na sufi kamata a yi la'akari XVI-XVIII ƙarni. A lokacin da wadannan biyu ƙarni Sviyazhsk sufi ne arziki a cikin dukan Tsakiya Volga da aka yi ko a cikin ashirin da mafi m a Rasha. Ba abin mamaki shi ne dauke Archimandrite bakwai darajar a jihar. A ƙasar mallakar da sufi zuwa tsakiyar XVIII karni, suka rayu kuma ya yi aiki 7.200 namiji manoma. A wannan adadin su mallakar sauran gidajen lama na Kazan diocese tare.

M, da kuma irin wannan daki-daki: Sviazhsky sufi mallaki bugu latsa, wanda ya fara buga liturgical littattafai kafin shi ya fara yi a Moscow majagaba Ivan Fyodorov. Da kayayyakin a cikin wani iri-iri na kudi ga kasar. A lokacin da a 1764 a Rasha Empire da aka gudanar zuhudu gyara, da Sviazhsky Mai Tsarki Dormition sufi da aka kara wa farko aji, wanda aka dauke mafi. Wannan irin girmamawa bayar da kawai ya kadai dukan gidajen lama na Kazan diocese. Kawai bayan da arba'in da biyu shekaru a irin wannan bambanci cancanci Virgin sufi a Kazan.

A zamanin secularization na coci asashe

Tare da sama garambawul aiwatar da Catherine II, kafin ƙi fara arziki da kuma blooming makõmarsu. Sun fi mayar da taka leda da rawar da kuma lura a cikin wannan lokaci, da tattalin arzikin birnin Sviyazhsk, da kuma sakamakon impoverishment na yawan jama'a. Duk da haka, babban dalilin da aka za'ayi da gwamnatin secularization na zuhudu asashe.

A wannan zamanin mulkinsa na Catherine II bi a siyasa da nufin tauye yiwuwar coci tasiri a jihar al'amura. Daya hanyar cimma wannan burin da aka rage m misali na rai daga haikalin da kuma gidajen lama. Don wannan karshen, da manifesto da aka buga Fabrairu 24, 1764 bisa ga abin da duk coci ƙasashe shige cikin jihar ikon mallakar.

Shekaru na karkatar sufi da kuma farkon juyin juya halin

Hana ta haka ne da babban abubuwa na samun kudin shiga, Sviazhsky ɗauka cewa sufi hankali ya fara dauka da matsayi. Isar da shi a ce yawan mazaunanta, da zarar kan wani mutum ɗari sufaye da novices, to farkon XX karni da aka rage zuwa ashirin da biyar, da kuma matakin na samun kudin shiga da aka m, fiye da sauran gidajen lama na Kazan diocese.

A shekaru wadannan juyin juya hali, kawo tare da su da yawa wahalar da dukan Rasha Orthodox Church. Na yi ba togiya da Sviyazhsk sufi. Ya karshe rector, Bishop Ambrose (beeps) fadi wanda aka azabtar zuwa shiririta taron sojoji. Bayan shekaru masu yawa, lokacin da kasar daga karshe ya zo da ita hankula da maguzawan hauka, ya canonized, da kuma duniya ta san shi a matsayin sabon shahidi Ambrose.

Period maguzawan cin duniya

A lokacin da shekaru na samun ikon fassara Mafarki gwamnatin gari Sviyazhsk zama m sansanin yankin. Zuhudu jiki da kuma m zuwa gare su a ɗakin da aka sace da kuma ciwon daji tare da ba mai sãkẽwa ba kaya daga St. Herman buɗe kuma lalatashi. A cikin gidan ibada na shekaru da yawa sanya mallaka ga yara delinquents, da mahaukaci mafaka. A saman matsaloli, wani babban yanki dab da birnin bayan gina da Kuibyshev tafki ya malale, lokacin da Sviyazhsk zama wani tsibirin.

Tarurrukan sufi

Kawai tare da zuwan zamanin, lokacin da coci fara komawa ba bisa ka'ida ba a kawar daga ta dukiya, duk gine-gine, wanda ya hada Sviazhsky sufi da aka koma ga muminai. The kawai togiya ya karamin sashi, wanda ya zama wani ɓangare na gidan kayan gargajiya-ajiye. An yi aiki a matsayin m asa ga Tarurrukan na gari. A mayar da haikalin koma sau daya katse coci ayyuka, sa'an nan swam a kan kogin Sviyaga ringing na sufi karrarawa.

sufi jan hankali

Tsarki ɗauka cewa sufi Sviazhsky domin ta shahara main janye - tsohuwar St. Nicholas Church. Ta shi ne guda shekaru kamar yadda mafi yawan sufi da ta yi Dates baya ga 1756 shekara. Kafa shi na hewn farar ƙasa ƙungiya Pskov Masters karkashin jagorancin Ivan Shiryaev. A shekara daga baya, ta kararrawa hasumiya da aka kara a cikin 43-mita tsawo. The coci gini ne mai cell a wanda da zarar ya rayu farko mazaunin na sufi - St. Herman. Daga cikin memoirs na tsohon mazaunan sufi an san cewa ko da a gaban juyin juya halin, shi kiyaye kaya.

A kusa da nan Cathedral na ɗauka aka gina kawai shekaru biyar baya, St. Nicholas Church. Sama da shi aiki guda Masters Pskov. Wasu canje-canje da aka yi a tsakiyar gaba karni. Don wannan ya kara da cewa refectory rabo da drum Silinda octagonal giciye sashe. A baya can ya kwalkwali-dimbin yawa Dome aka maye gurbinsu a mafi m, a cikin style of Ukrainian Baroque. Ko a bayan shekara ɗari da ginin da aka a haɗe shirayi.

Duk da haka, babban alama na coci da aka kiyaye su a cikin shi da frescoes zamanin Ivana Groznogo. Irin wannan son sani yana da har yanzu kawai a wuri guda - a cikin babban coci a kan ƙasa da Ruhu Mai Transfiguration sufi a Yaroslavl. Masu nuna cewa bango zane-zane na wannan zamani ne sosai rare.

Akwai baya samfurori sun rubuta wani karni daga baya, amma da XVI karni ya bar mana a wannan batun ne sosai zaran gādo. Bugu da kari ta zuwa ga tarihi da kuma m darajar da Cathedral frescoes ma da halayyar muhimmi ne kawai don su peculiarity: a yamma bango, inda dauka don wakiltar jahannama da dukan da halaye, a cikin Cathedral na ɗauka fentin aljanna scene, wanda a kanta Halicci m yanayi a cikin viewer.

Mata ta fili Sviyazhsk sufi

A cikin birnin, fãce sufi, wanda aka tattauna, aka located daya more - mace Sviazhsky Ivanovsky Convent. Ya kuma an kafa a karshen na XVI karni. An located a cikin zuciya na Sviyazhsk a Cathedral Square. Ba da da ewa, duk da haka, dole ne ya dawwama a jerin karfi wuta, da kuma nuns koma zuwa wani wuri, ta hanyar ba su cikin dakin da take ta soke da Triniti-Sergius sufi.

Yau Convent bai farfado a halin yanzu tsari, kuma shi ne kawai mace ta St. Yahaya Maibaftisma fili Sviyazhsky namiji sufi. Duk da haka, duk da coci ayyuka suna gudanar da shi da har wajabta ta Church ta yi oda. Bayan haka, shi ba ya hana na maido da zama gine-gine da kuma haikalin. Rayuwa koma zuwa tsohon sufi, da kuma ta m ganuwar suna jiran duk wanda ya so su zo da nutsad da kanka a cikin m duniyar Orthodox antiquities.