Tver ƙofofin da kewaye

A yankin kusa da Belorussky tashar jirgin - daya daga cikin mafi ban sha'awa wuraren tarihi a Moscow. Canza bayan fitarwa a cikin karni na karshe, shi har yanzu tserar da memory na baya, babban birnin kasar.

Moscow ta shirya: da birni da kuma itatuwa

Moscow, kafa a 1147 Yuriem Dolgorukim, daya daga cikin tsofaffin cibiyoyin Rasha. Yana yana da wani radial-zobe ko concentric layout. A cibiyar ne Kremlin - tsoho sansanin soja da tsaron hasumiyarki. A zamanin d hadisai, da kagara ba mutumin ya zauna. Akwai da kawai sojojin tsaron sansanin soja.

The mazaunan gina gidajensu a kusa da castle ganuwar. Wadannan gidaje townsmen, wadda daga ƙarshe encloses wani garu bango ko babbar katanga. Posad girma da kuma hankali mika bayan da annular shaft. A sabuwar gina ɓangare na birnin sake kare annular shaft ko katangu.

Saboda haka, da farko Moscow da wani tsaro tsarin na 4 serfs "zobba". Bayan USAID maginin birni ƙone, mazauna zuba ƙasa tudun maimakon, ya yi aikin wannan aiki. A 1742, a kan shirin na Chambers-board a lura da samun kudin shiga na Rasha Empire, shi da aka gina Collegiate bẽne, shaft. Ramparts kira madauwari maginin tudun da moats da ƙõfõfi (matsara post), ma'anar iyakoki na birni ko da sassa.

Chambers-collegiate shaft da aka gina don maye gurbin vozvedennoekupecheskoy kamfanin sell vodka, ƙarfafa - Convivial shaft. Convivial bango tubalan hanyar zuwa birnin shigo da ƙwari vodka. Yana da sauri dilapidated, kuma aka rushe. A sabuwar gina Chambers-collegiate shaft sanya shi yiwuwa a gudanar da wani haraji a Moscow fadi da dama na dukiya. Cikin dukanin shaft aka gina shi 37 outposts.

Tverskaya Zastava a Moscow: da samuwar da square

Т верской заставы сформировалась перед Белорусским вокзалом . Area T verskoy ƙofofin kafa kafin Belarus tashar. Railway waƙoƙi sun nasaba Moscow da yawa Turai birane.

Wannan yanki ya bayyana a cikin XVIII karni, a lokacin da gina Tverskaya Zastava Collegiate bẽne, shaft. Ta hanyar da shaft a kan wani hanya Tver, a cikin XVIII karni ya zama Popular. A kan hanya su safarar manyan yawa na dukiya da cewa bukatar shiri na kwastan dangantakar da Moscow fatake. An yanke shawarar gina a kan Collegiate bẽne, shaft Tverskaya Zastava. Lokacin da na yankuna aikinsu aka soke, birnin da 'yan sanda outpost aka yi amfani da hijirarsa iko. Kusa da Tverskaya Zastava daga babban birnin kasar da aka located Yamskaya Sloboda, da kuma a waje - na kauye.

A 1864, da Moscow iyakar collegiate shaft aka ƙaddara hukumance, da Moscow yankin suna gudanar da Moscow Duma kuma County gwamnatoci, da kuma ƙasar da outpost - zemstvo.

Nasara Arch Tverskaya Zastava

A wallafe samu bayanai da cewa a 1812 ta hanyar da Tverskaya Zastava gudu daga kona Moscow ta Napoleon Bonaparte. Bayan shekaru biyu aka yanke shawarar mayar da square a kusa da ƙofofin kone katako nasara Arch, gina karkashin Bitrus I, amma Alexander na kallafaffen da ban a yi. Kawai shekaru ashirin da daga baya, a nan ta domin na Nicholas I, ina aka gina ƙofofinsa, riga daga dutse. Sun zama wani abin tunawa ga nasara a cikin yaki tare da Napoleon. Sprektiroval Arch shahara m Osip Bove.

Adana a cikin bayyanar tun da Roman zamanin, ginin da aka za'ayi bisa ga canons na gargajiya tsoho gine. A Arc de Triomphe da aka yi na fari dutse, mined a cikin tsaunuka kusa Krylatskoye, da kuma jefa ƙarfe amfani ga ginshikan. Ado karusar Tsarki ya tabbata, kusaci da shida dawakai, high reliefs da kuma sculptures sanya ta sculptor Ivan Vitali da kuma Ivan Timofeev. Relief images - mace warrior, mashi, inda suka kashe da dragon, yaƙi na Kremlin ganuwar, sculptures na Roman sojoji a zilaika - alamar ikon Rasha makamai, ƙarfin hali da ƙarfin zuciya da kuma kishin kasa da na Russian mutane.

Daga cikin reliefs akwai hoton da Sarkin sarakuna Alexander I, gabatar a cikin wani nau'i na Roman sarki, wanda ya sa rashin biyan bukata na Rasha Church, karkashin jagorancin Lardi Filaret.

A dangane da shigarwa na ƙofar yankin canja da sunan da ya Starotriumfalnuyu, da kuma samu wani na biyu sunan - "yanki na sabon nasara Arch."

Tverskaya Zastava: ra'ayoyi

Kwanan nan, bisa ga yanke shawara dauka da magajin gari na birnin Sergeem Sobyaninym da Moskomekspertizy aikin, saboda gaskiyar cewa yanki a Belorussky Railway Station ne wani muhimmin sufuri cibiya na babban birnin kasar, inda za a gina da tram waƙoƙi. Tun da farko, kafin 2008, akwai trams a size daga Forest Street zuwa tashar, amma aka dismantled. Tarihi Route sun yanke shawarar ci gaba. Bugu da ƙari kuma, a cikin hangen zaman maimaitawa Tver ƙofofin shirya maido yanki daidai da ta onetime bayyanar.

Daya daga cikin muhimman wuraren da maimaitawa aiki ne mai manyan-sikelin gyara shimfidar wuri yankunan: dasa a manyan yawan itatuwa, lawns fashewa. Kazalika da haɓaka ta lighting tsarin. An zaci, da kuma komawa zuwa yankin na tunawa da marubuci Alekseyu Maksimovichu Gorkomu, dismantled a 2005 saboda da maimaitawa aiki a yankin.