Victimization - shi ... The ra'ayi da kuma iri victimization

A duk lokacin da akwai wani laifi da aka azabtar. Amma kawai a cikin karni na ashirin, wani juna da aka kafa a cikin wani aure lokaci, shi ne farkon na nazarin batun, a matsayin victimology. Dalili na ka'idar cewa kowane azabtar yana da wani sa na halaye da cewa yin shi ya zama abu na laifi. Duk da haka, duk abin da a daki-daki.

yankin nazari

Kafin mu yi magana game da wannan zaman sabon abu, kamar victimization, kazalika don gano musabbabin ta ci gaba da kuma tasiri a kan sauran matakai na zamantakewa da ci gaban, shi ne wajibi ne don bayyana ainihin Concepts na lokaci. Dole ne in ce wannan batu da hannu a waɗannan wurare na kimiyya da ilmi ba, kamar Psychology, ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a, da ilimi, dokar da sauransu. E., Wannan kiwata wannan batu a cikin sahu na gaggawa.

janar ra'ayi

Victimization - shi ne mai zaman jama'a tsari a cikin abin da mutum ya jũya a cikin wani laifi wanda aka azabtar. Kawai sa, shi ne sakamakon da aikata miyagun laifuka da aka azabtar. Ga yana da daraja domin ayyana manufar victimization. An fahimci yadda hali ya zama mai azabtar. Saboda haka, victimization da kuma victimization ne rabuwa Concepts karkashin wanda yake shi ne halayyar da farko da na biyu. Yana haka za a iya auna da yawan lokuta ya gurgunta da wani jam'i na halaye na fama da aikata laifuka.

Victimization: ra'ayi da kuma iri daban-daban

The kafa irin wannan batu a matsayin victimology zama L. V. Frank. A gaskiya, ba tare da da tasiri, kuma ba su ɓullo da manufar victimization. Saboda haka, Frank gabatar da definition. A cewar shi, victimization - ne tsari na zama wanda aka azabtar, kazalika da ta sakamakon haka, ko da kuwa da shaidar wannan harka ko taro.

Duk da haka, nan da nan bayan da cewa, Frank shãfi barrage na zargi. Sauran masu bincike sun nuna cewa, manufar aiwatar da sakamako ya zama daban-daban daga juna, da kuma ba su zama daya.

Alal misali, Rivman ikirarin cewa victimization - wannan shi ne wani mataki a cikin abin da laifi samar dangane da mutum wanda ya kawo ci gaban da ya jaraba. Kuma idan mutane na m aka azabtar da aka canza kama zuwa wani real, to, wannan tsari shine ake kira "victimization-sakamakon."

aiwatar sadarwa

A matsayin hujja da abin da aka ce shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa wadannan biyu mamaki inextricably nasaba. Duk wani mataki da nufin cimma matsayi na wanda aka azabtar, yana da ma'ana ƙarshe.

Wannan yana nufin cewa a lokacin da wani mutum da aka kai wa farmaki, ko da abin da ãƙibar wani taron, ya riga ta atomatik yakan mallaki matsayi na azabtar. A wannan yanayin, da hari kanta - shi ne a aiwatar da mas'ala ta victimization. A mutumin da wanda laifi ne aka aikata, shi ne sakamakon.

Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa victimization - shi ne wani tsari na tasiri na daya aukuwa zuwa wani. A mafi akwai laifi, da girma da hadarin fadowa wanda aka azabtar da su.

Safiyo na victimization

Domin fahimtar yanayi a karkashin abin da wani mutum talakawa an canza kama zuwa wani wanda aka azabtar da laifi, dole ne ka gudanar da wasu bincike.

Victimization da har aka ƙaddara da gaban tarawa data a kan yawan wadanda ke fama. Yana ba ya dogara ne a kan yin laifi, da sakamakonsa, da gaban wasu dalilai cewa jawo wannan taron.

Kawai sa, victimization - wani tarin dukan lokuta a cikin abin da abu yana sa halin kirki ko ta jiki lalacewa.

A saman, godiya ga nazarin mataki na predisposition zuwa zama wanda aka azabtar, yana yiwuwa ya yi magana irin wannan abu a matsayin babban laifi. Idan muka zana da daidaici tsakanin hanyar da sakamako daga cikin wadannan mamaki, Tsayawa akan matsayin da shawara da kanta. A mafi wadanda, da hakan da matakin na aikata laifi da kuma, sabili da haka, rayayye tasowa mutum destructiveness matsayin wani kashi na rayuwar zamantakewa.

Siffofin victimization

Kamar wani sabon abu, da aiwatar da zama wanda aka azabtar yana subdivided cikin jinsin. Saboda haka, ta hanyar da yanayi, zai iya zama mutum ko na gama.

A cikin farko idan yana nufin cewa wata cũta sa daya musamman mutum.

A karo na biyu idan yana da wani zaman sabon abu - tara kamar yadda ya shafa na yin laifi, da kuma kanta Ayyukan Manzanni addabi bayar tabbataccen wuri da kuma lokaci, da kuma samuwar ingantaccen da kuma gwada yawa halaye. Ko da irin wannan m sabon abu da aka ayyana ta da Kalmar "laifi".

Har ila yau, dangane da mataki na zaman jama'a harmonization na biyu da laifi kuma laulayi na batun shi, su ne wadannan iri matakai:

1) Primary. A karkashin ya nufi cutar da wani takamaiman mutum a lokacin da aikata laifuka. Ba kome ko shi da halin kirki, kaya ko jiki lalacewa.

2) Secondary victimization - An kaikaice haddasa cutar. Yana za a iya haɗa, misali, tare da mafi kusa yanayi inda sata na dukiya daga mutum daya ne yake shan wahala dukan iyalinsa. akwai wasu hanyoyi na kai tsaye ba wata cũta. An bayyana a cikin lakabtawa, da lura da sa doka ayyuka, rarrabuwa, wulãkanci na girmamawa da kuma mutunci, da sauran ayyuka da nufin desocialization azabtar.

3) manyan. An fahimci matsayin tasiri a kan azabtar da taimakon jami'an tsaro ko da kafofin watsa labarai ga nasu dalilai.

Wani lokaci ma bambanta quaternary, ma'ana ta shi sabon abu na kisan kare dangi.

Siffofin victimization

Tun da manufar aiwatar da sakamako ba za a iya rabu da juna, ya kamata ma bayyana da iri na karshen.

Victimization ya faru:

1) Mutane daya-daya. Ya ƙunshi wani hade da mutuntakar da kuma sakamakon da halin da ake ciki. An fahimci matsayin predisposition ko riga aiwatar da ikon zama wanda aka azabtar a yanayi inda lamarin da ma'ana zai kawar da wannan.

2) Mass. Ƙõramu an fahimci sa na mutanen da suka yi yawan halaye da cewa sanin su shigewa zuwa aikata miyagun laifuka. A wannan yanayin, kowane mutum guda abubuwa a matsayin wani kashi daga cikin tsarin.

A wannan yanayin, da taro victimization yana da nasa subspecies, ciki har da kungiyar, abu-batu-jinsin da kuma nau'in.

M ka'idar victimization

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, manufar victimization ruxani da yawa tarbiyya. Ciki har da tunani. Mutane da yawa malamai sun yi sa a gaba da ka'idar bayani me ya sa wani mutum ya zama hadaya. Ka yi la'akari da mafi m mãsu girmansu.

A cewar Fromm, Erikson, Rogers da sauransu, victimization -. Yana (a Psychology), musamman sabon abu muhimmi a cikin kowane mutum a cikin ra'ayi na hallakaswa halaye. A daidai wannan hallakaswa fuskantarwa ne ba kawai a waje, amma kuma a kan kansa.

Freud ma da bin wannan ra'ayi, duk da haka, ya bayyana cewa babu rikici na iya zama babu ci gaba. Wannan ma ya yi daidai da manufar adawa tsakanin biyu gabbai: kai-tsare da kuma kai-halaka.

Adler a lokaci guda ya ce shi ne muhimmi a cikin wani m drive ga kowa da kowa. A hankula hali ne mai gani da kasawarmu, cikin adu'a. Ba kome, shi ne real ko hasashen.

Shi ne kuma mai ban sha'awa shaida Stekel. A cewar shi, a cikin mafarki mutumin nuna ƙiyayya, real dangantaka da kewaye gaskiya da hali to motsa jiki da mutuwa drive.

Amma wajen Horney classifies ta shaida wa koyarwa. Ya ce, da da hali aka kafa a cikin shimfiɗar jariri. Mutane da yawa dalilai na iya tasiri da magana daga neuroses kuma, kamar yadda wani sakamako, wahala a zaman jama'a aiki.

Victimization ne ... a pedagogy

Af, bisa ga pedagogical ka'idar, zuwa kashi da dama shekaru, saukarwa a wadda hadarin victimization karu. A total na 6:

1) fetal ci gaban zamani a lokacin da tasiri ne ta hanyar iyaye da su m salon.

2) A makarantan nasare lokaci. Kyalewa da bukatun iyaye a soyayya, rashin fahimta takwarorina.

3) firamare lokaci. Overprotection, ko, conversely, ta rashi daga iyaye, da cin gaban daban-daban lahani, kin amincewa da malaman ko takwarorina.

4) samartaka. Sha, shan taba, da miyagun ƙwayoyi zagi, cin hanci da rashawa, rinjayar laifi kungiyoyin.

5) farkon shekarun girma. Wašanda ba'aso ciki, riqon ƙarancin lahani, shan barasa, rashin cin nasara a dangantaka, zaluntar ta da takwarorinsu.

6) Matasa. Talauci, shan barasa, da rashin aikin yi, rashin cin nasara a dangantaka, rashin iyawa don karin bincike.

ƙarshe

Saboda haka, mun ƙaddara cewa irin wannan victimization da kuma victimization, da ra'ayi da kuma iri daban-daban na wannan sabon abu. A gaban wani hali dabiu ba dalili don sanyã shi hadarin wani karo da dama ba bisa doka ba ayyuka. A kadai hanyar fita daga wannan halin da ake ciki shi ne don taimaka kwararru, da nufin duka biyu rigakafin wannan sabon abu, da kuma kawar da nasa sakamakon.