Wanda farko ziyarci a sarari? A Cosmic Battle of Tarayyar Soviet da Amurka

Space Battle - don haka ba za ka iya designate da kishi tsakanin biyu superpowers - Tarayyar Soviet da Amurka - in nazarin sararin samaniya a lokacin da biyu da rabi na karshe karni. A farkon wannan taron sa mu kasa na farko kaddamar da wani wucin gadi Duniya da tauraron dan adam, sa'an nan da kaddamar da wani mutum ya zo a cikin wani sabon gaba daya gaskiya ga shi - a cikin sarari. Daga baya, akwai na farko spacewalk.

Ci gaban aikin injiniya kimiyya

A karni na ashirin da aka ga mutãne da gaskiya kimiyya da fasaha nasara. Musamman ma lokacin bayan yakin duniya na biyu ya samar da kuzari ga bunkasuwar roka - wani abu da yake a baya unattainable, ya cika iya yi. Mutane sun dade duba a hankali da kuma kokarin gano sarari, amma sai aka yi musamman domin a cikin surface na duniya tamu. The biyu da rabi na karni na karshe ya kasance alfijir na wannan zamanin, na sarari bincike da nazari na kusa-Duniya sarari. Musamman yanzu sun ci gaba a cikin wannan geopolitical abokan adawar na zamani - Tarayyar Soviet da kuma Amurka. The United States jagoranci da ci gaban a cikin wannan shugabanci, musamman lokacin da kasar juya a kira su da "baba" na Jamus rocketry W. von Braun. Ya kasance da majagaba na Turai yankin a cikin wannan filin na aikin injiniya da kuma zane ra'ayoyin. Duk da haka, a cikin Tarayyar Soviet shi tsawon-tsaye ci gaba. Wadanda suka kafa na kasa makami mai linzami-gina tunani (Tsiolkovsky kuma daga baya Korolev), da farko rubuce sa'an nan kusan tushen su karshe.

A farko matakai a sarari bincike

A karshen 50s da wani gaske m tasiri a kan zukatan Sahaban. Tarayyar Soviet na farko orbited injiniyoyi tsara tauraron dan adam. Mutane da yawa ya gaishe da taron a matsayin babban ci gaba na kimiyya tunani, amma for America, wannan nufi ko da yake karami, amma shan kashi a wannan hamayya. Ma fi girma furor aukuwa da ya faru a watan Afrilu 1961 da rana. Wannan lokacin Yuriy Alekseevich Gagarin ya zama m na duk 'yan saman jannati, tare da la'akari da kabila, da kuma shi ne farkon wanda ya ziyarci Duniya mutum. Shiri na jirgin da aka za'ayi a high-tsaro yanayin. Bayan duk, idan kasar mu ne a hatsarin ba kawai mutum rayukansu, amma kuma da nauyi a cikin kasa da kasa fagen fama. A hadarurruka sun sosai high, duk da haka, da kuma sakamakon da suka yi daidai. Bayan haka, kasar ta zama jagora na nazarin sararin samaniya. Shugaban Amurka Dzhon Kennedi a wani taro na gwamnatinsa ya sanar da kara shirin na gudanar da bincike da kuma appropriation na zuba jari a sarari bincike.

magudana gasar

Mutumin da ya fara ziyarci a sarari, zai tabbatar da kasarsa take da shugaban na sarari ko yin cudanya a mataki a kan wani mataki na abokan gaba. Dukansu kasashe rayayye dauki sama da shirye-shiryen da wannan taron. American NASA ya yi kokarin hanzarta aiwatar da shiri na manned kumbon sama jannati, amma sauri ya kai ga m sakamakon. Rashin kwarewa sa a cikin rashin lafiya - a karkatattun gwajin sanarwa, don haka gudanar don kauce wa mutum jikkata, amma kwanakin da aka tsanani keta. A Tarayyar Soviet, kusan a lokaci guda shi ya kama lissafin da kuma shirya mutumin da ya kasance na farko a cikin wani fili zai zama. Kadan lahani iya tsanani shafi dukan gaba cin gaban wani sabon shirin ga mutum duniya. Bugu da kari, da kara da kuma jam'iyyar iko ne wajen depressing sakamako a kan dukkan mahalarta a cikin aikin. Kuma waɗanda suka farko ziyarci a sarari, mu ne compatriot.

tarihi lokacin

Wannan mutum ya Alexei Leonov. An ya zaba daga galaxy na horar da kyau 'yan saman jannati. Kuma a cikin marigayi 1964 ta fara cikakken shiri da kuma ci gaban kowane irin yanayi da zai bayyana a cikin shakka daga cikin jirgin. Kuma a sa'an nan ya zo da dogon-jiran lokacin, a shekarar 1965 (18 Maris) "Voskhod-2" da ke cikin Duniya falaki. Bayan wani gajeren horo Alexei Leonov farko ya shiga sarari. Da yake a waje na kumbon sama jannati ne ƙwarai, short, game da goma sha biyu da minti da kadan. Shi ne mai alfarma da mataki a cikin tarihin 'yan adam. Duk da haka, ko da a cikin irin wannan gajeren lokaci akwai wani m halin da ake ciki. Spacesuit jannati ya karu a size, da kuma Alexei Arkhipovich ba zai iya samun koma zuwa ga jirgin kulle. Amma ya ba su tsoro - loosening da ciki matsa lamba na kwat da wando, da ya samu nasarar rage a size, kuma ya iya samun koma kumbon sama jannati.

A rubucen da kuma hambarar da na jirgin

Wanda farko ziyarci a sarari, mallaka mai ƙarfin hali da kuma jimiri, wadannan hali dabiu suka taimake shi a nan gaba. Tare da Leonov faru duk da haka wani m halin da ake ciki - a lokacin saukowa lander ya fita daga kiyasta touchdown. Amma wannan hujjar ba dame jarumi binciken sararin samaniya. Lokacin da saukowa, ya kasance a cikin taiga, kuma a wannan lokacin akwai mai tsanani frosts. A irin wannan yanayi, da ƙungiya kwana biyu, kawai na uku na su sanya shi a cikin tawagar ceto. Domin ya feat A. A. Leonov aka bayar da sunan "Hero" na kasar. Amirkawa sun shigar da shan kashi, amma tako har horo na mutum jirgin da kuma saukowa a kan moon, amma ya faru shekaru hudu daga baya, kuma ba detract daga isa yabo na Soviet injiniyoyi da 'yan saman jannati. Kuma Alexei Leonov - mutumin da ya fara ziyarta a sararin samaniya da kuma har abada rubũtacce sunansa a tarihin tarihi.