Yadda za a auna yanayi matsa lamba a Pascals? Mene ne al'ada yanayi matsa lamba a Pascals?

Yanayi - da gas girgije kewaye Duniya. Air Weight, tsawo na shafi ne mafi girma daga 900 km, yana mai iko sakamako a kan mazaunan duniya tamu. Ba mu ji wannan, saninsu rayuwa a kasa daga cikin teku iska domin ba. Rashin jin daɗi da mutumin ji, tanã fita high a cikin duwatsu. Oxygen karanci tsokani gajiya. Lokacin da wannan gaske yanayi matsa lamba canje-canje.

Physics ya wadãtu da yanayi matsa lamba, ta canji da kuma tasirin da take da cikin su a duniya ta surface.

A cikin shakka daga kimiyyar lissafi na makarantar sakandare nazarin yanayi mataki samu babba da hankali. Ƙayyadaddu na kayyade dogara da tsawo, da tasiri a kan tafiyar matakai faruwa a cikin gida ko a cikin yanayi, an bayyana a kan tushen ilimi na yanayi mataki.

Lokacin da ya fara nazarin yanayi matsa lamba? Grade 6 - lokaci sani da peculiarities na yanayi. Ci gaba da wannan tsari a profile azuzuwan na makarantar sakandare.

Tarihi da binciken

A farko yunkurin kafa da na yanayi matsa lamba na iska dauka a 1643 a da ba da shawara na Italian Evangelista Torricelli. A gilashin shãfe haske a daya ƙarshen tube da aka cika da Mercury. Rufewa a daya hannun, shi da aka saukar a cikin Mercury. A sama na tube saboda da m yayyo na Mercury kafa komai a sarari, to samu da wadannan sunan: "Torricellian wõfintattu."

A wannan lokaci a cikin kimiyyar yanayin halitta mamaye da ka'idar Aristotle, wanda ya yi ĩmãni da cewa "yanayi ya kan kin wani injin." Bisa ga ra'ayoyi, da blank sarari ba a cika da abu ba zai iya zama. Saboda haka, a gaban voids a cikin gilashi tube lokaci mai tsawo kokarin bayyana da sauran uwãyensu ne.

Da cewa shi ne komai a sarari, babu shakka, shi ne kome ba za a iya cika, saboda Mercury zuwa farkon na gwaji gaba daya cika Silinda. Kuma kunno kai, ba da damar wasu abubuwa don cika gurbin Amma me ya sa duk da Mercury ba a zuba a cikin jirgin ruwa, kazalika da cikas ga wannan wurin? A ƙarshe sarari: Mercury a tube kamar yadda a cikin sadarwa tasoshi, Yãna halitta guda matsa lamba a kan Mercury a cikin jirgin ruwa, kazalika da wani abu daga waje. A wannan matakin tare da surface na Mercury taba kawai yanayi. Yana da aka ta jini rike abu daga gudãna daga hanyar nauyi. Gas da aka sani ya haifar da wannan sakamako a duk inda. Da tasiri da aka gitta su a farfajiya na Mercury a cikin jirgin ruwa.

A tsawo Hg na Silinda ne kamar daidai to 76 cm. An lura da cewa wannan bangaren dabam a kan lokaci, saboda haka, yanayi matsa lamba dabam. Yana za a iya auna a cm Hg (ko millimeters).

Wanne raka'a don amfani?

International System of Units ne na kasa da kasa, don haka ba ya unsa da amfani da millimeters na Mercury. Art. a kayyade da matsa lamba. Unit yanayi matsa lamba kafa a irin wannan hanya kamar yadda ya auku a daskararru da kuma taya. Ji na matsin lamba a pascals dauka a SI.

1 Pa aka soma matsa lamba wanda halitta wani karfi na 1 N, ya yiwuwa ga wani rabo 1 m ^2.

Ƙayyade yadda nasaba raka'a. Matsa lamba ruwa shafi kafa tare da wadannan dabara: p = ρgh. Mercury yawa ρ = 13.600 kg / m ^3. A matsayin masomin muka dauki Mercury tsawon na 760 millimeters. Saboda haka:

p = 13600 kg / m ³ × 9,83 N / kg × 0,76 m = 101292,8 Pa

Don rikodin yanayi matsa lamba a Pascals, la'akari da: 1 mm Hg = 133,3 Pa.

Wani misali na warware matsaloli

Ƙayyade da karfi tare da wanda yanayi da abubuwa a kan rufin surface girma 10x20 m. Zaci daidaita yanayi matsa lamba ne 740 mmHg

p = 740 mmHg, a = 10 m, b = 20 m.

bincike na

Don sanin da iko wajibi ne don tsayar da yanayi matsa lamba a Pascals. Ganin cewa 1 millimeter Hg ne daidai 133,3 Pa, mun samu wadannan: p = 98 642 Pa.

yanke shawara

Amfani da dabara matsa lamba ganewa:

p = F / s,

Tun da wuri daga cikin rufi ba ba, ya ɗauka cewa shi ne rectangular a siffar. A fannin wannan adadi da dabara:

s = ab.

Musanya square darajar lissafi dabara:

p = F / (ab), inda:

F = pab.

Lissafta: F = 98642 Pa × 10 m × 20 m = 19728400 H = 1,97 MN.

Amsa: A karfi na matsin lamba na yanayi a kan rufin daidai 1,97 MN.

ji Hanyar

Gwajin tabbatar da dalilin da yanayi matsa lamba za a iya yi amfani da wani shafi na Mercury. Idan kusa da ita don gyara sikelin, shi ya zama mai yiwuwa ga kama canje-canje. Wannan shi ne mafi sauki Mercury barometer.

Lura da mamaki canje-canje na yanayi mataki ya Evangelista Torricelli, haxe da wannan tsari tare da zafin rana da kuma sanyi.

A ganiya aka mai suna yanayi matsa lamba a teku surface at 0 digiri Celsius. Wannan darajar ne 760 mmHg Al'ada yanayi matsa lamba a pascals dauke su daidaita 10 ⁵ Pa.

An sani cewa Mercury ne quite cutarwa ga lafiyar dan adam. A sakamakon haka, ba za ka iya amfani da bude Mercury barometers. Sauran ruwaye da yawa muhimmanci kasa, don haka da tube cika da ruwa dole ne isasshe tsawon.

Alal misali, ruwa shafi generated Blaise Pascal, ya kamata game da 10 m ga tsawo. A hasara ne bayyananne.

aneroid barometer

A na ƙwarai mataki a gaba za a iya kira daga ra'ayin ruwa don ƙirƙirar barometers. Da ikon samar da na'urar for kayyade matsa lamba na yanayi da aka aiwatar a cikin aneroid barometer.

Babban ɓangare na mita - wani lebur akwatin, daga abin da iska ne pumped fita. Don kauce wa kasancewa matse yanayi, da farfajiya an yi na corrugated. Tsarin boll marẽmari da alaka da kibiya na nuna matsin lamba darajar a kan sikelin. A karshen za a iya kammala a wani raka'a. Auna a Pascals yanayi matsa lamba na iya zama a wani m ji sikelin.

Dagawa tsawo da kuma matsa lamba na yanayi

Canza yawa daga cikin yanayi kamar yadda shi yakan tashi take kaiwa zuwa wani karu da matsa lamba. Heterogeneity na gasbag ba da damar a mikakke dokar don gabatar da canje-canje, kamar yadda tsawo qara mataki na matsin lamba akan rage da aka rage. A cikin duniya a surface kamar yadda suka tashi domin kowane 12 mita na mataki na yanayi da dama a 1 mm Hg. Art. A troposphere, a irin wannan canji yakan faru ga kowane 10.5 m.

Kusa da surface na Duniya a tsawon jirgin sama jirgin aneroid bayar da wani musamman sikelin, zai iya sanin ko tsawo daga cikin yanayi matsa lamba. Wannan kayan da aka kira wani altimeter.

Musamman na'urar a kan surface na Duniya ba ka damar saita altimeter karatu a sifili, don ci gaba da amfani da shi domin sanin dagawa tsawo.

Wani misali na warware matsalar

A gindin dutsen barometer nuna yanayi matsa lamba 756 mm Hg Abin da darajar za a tsawon 2500 mita saman teku matakin? Za ka so ka yi rikodin yanayi matsa lamba a Pascals.

p ₁ = 756 mm Hg, H = 2500 m, _P2 -?

yanke shawara

Don sanin barometer a wata tsawo H, mun yi la'akari da cewa matsin lamba da dama zuwa 1 mm Hg kowane 12 mita. saboda haka:

(P ₁ - p ₂₎ × 12 m × H = 1 mm Hg, inda:

p ₂ = p ₁ - H × 1 mm Hg / 12 m = 756 mmHg - 2500 m × 1 mm Hg / 12 m = 546 mmHg

Don rikodin sakamakon yanayi matsa lamba a Pascals, bi wadannan matakai:

p ₂ = 546 × 133,3 Pa = 72619 Pa

Amsa: 72.619 Pa.

Yanayi matsa lamba da kuma yanayin

Movement of yanayi iska yadudduka kusa da duniya surface da kuma wadanda ba uniform dumama da iska a sassa daban daban kai ga wani canji a yanayin yanayi a dukkan sassa na duniya.

A matsa lamba ƙila ya bambanta daga 20-35 mmHg a cikin dogon gudu da kuma 2-4 mm Hg a lokacin da rana. A lafiya mutum ba ya gane canje-canje a cikin wannan index.

Yanayi matsa lamba wanda darajar ne kasa da al'ada da kuma sau da yawa canza, ya nuna cyclone murfin tare da yaƙĩni. Sau da yawa da wannan sabon abu ne tare da girgije da kuma hazo.

Low matsa lamba ne ba ko da yaushe wata ãyã daga ruwa weather. Bad weather ne mafi dogara a kan sauka a hankali karkatar da wannan nuna alama.

A kaifi matsa lamba akan rage zuwa 74 santimita Hg da ƙananan fuskanci hadari, dai ruwan cewa ci gaba har lokacin da nuna alama an riga an fara tashi.

Weather canji ga mafi alhẽri za a iya ƙaddara da wadannan sharudda:

• bayan dogon lokaci na mummunan yanayi a can ne a hankali a hankali kuma kwari girma na yanayi matsa lamba.
• a m weather slushy matsa lamba ƙaruwa.
• a lokacin kudancin iskõki wannan nuna alama yakan ga dama, kwanaki.
• Yanayi matsa lamba karuwa a iska weather - flag kafa dadi weather.