Yadda za a yi tubali tushe da hannunsa

Mafi sau da yawa kewayen birni low-Yunƙurin gini monolithic kankare tushe da aka zuba. Wani lokaci, duk da haka, da za a gina tushe daga cikin gidan da aka yi amfani da da kuma tubali. A zabi na wannan abu ne a mafi yawan lokuta ƙaddara da cewa shi za a iya gina wani mai tsananin kyau daga ra'ayi na ilmi, zane.

A amfani da yin amfani da tubalin

A zane rayuwa na tushe da aka gina daga wannan abu ne m fiye da na monolithic. Amma shi ne ya lura da cewa, a yi shi yawanci ya faru da sauran hanyar da kewaye. Idan kankare kintinkiri gini iya dogara kare bangon ɗakin daga hallaka lokacin da shekaru 200-300, da sabis rai na tubali tushe ne sau da yawa fiye da 400. Amma, ba shakka, irin wannan karfi da kuma m zane zai juya kawai a lokacin da sahihancin ta yi fasaha. Daga baya a cikin labarin, da kuma tattauna yadda za a kafa harsashin ginin da tubalin da hannuwansu yadda ya kamata.

A wasu lokuta, za ka iya amfani da tubali maimakon kankare

Erecting harsãshin irin wannan gidajen mafi yawa kawai a kan sandararriyar kasa nepuchinistyh. Shi ne kuma kyawawa da cewa matakin na ruwan karkashin kasa a cikin gine-gine, kamar yadda low kamar yadda zai yiwu. Ba ma barga ƙasa tubali tushe ne a yarda da tattara kawai tare da kafin zuba kankare "matashi" da kuma m ƙarfafa. Tare da babban ruwa tebur a cikin turmi ƙara musamman formulations cewa inganta ta waterproofing Properties. In ba haka ba, irin wannan harsashi zai sauri deteriorate saboda danshi.

Domin gine-gine sama uku benaye da tubali da kafuwar gini lambobin haramta gina. A hali na gaggawa damar da ginin wani iko da karfafa tushe na wannan nau'in. Duk da haka, a cikin wannan harka, kafuwar ke unreasonably tsada. Saboda haka, a yi, wani gini na 3 benaye kullum gina tukuna monolithic kankare tushe.

Daga cikin sauran abubuwa, irin wannan zane ne mafi sau da yawa da aka tattara a karkashin ganuwar gidaje sanya haske kayan. Alal misali, a da kyau bayani ne ga gina wani harsashi na tubalin karkashin log gidan. Da kyau, wannan zabin ne manufa domin Planking, panel gidan ko wani bango gina na kumfa kankare. A karkashin tubali ko monolithic Tsarin irin wannan filaye da ba su gamsu. A wannan yanayin ma, shi ne bu mai kyau a gina monolithic karfafa kankare tsarin.

Dokokin irin wannan filaye da za a iya amfani ba kawai ga gidajen, amma kuma ga wani sauran wurare. Sau da yawa sosai, misali, an tashe shi daga tushe tubali karkashin wanka, da arbor, gareji. taro aiwatar da wani tushe a karkashin gini domin daban-daban dalilai ne kusan guda.

Yadda za a zabi wani abu

Irin tubalin a halin yanzu kasuwa, akwai mutane da yawa. Duk da haka, don amfani domin gina tushe iya ba duk iri abu. Dace da wannan manufa, kawai ja yumbu tubali, har ma sai ba kowa da kowa. Manuniya dutse qaddara domin gina tushe daga cikin gidan ya kamata:

• iri ƙarfi daga akalla 150.

• sanyi 35 hawan keke.

• yawa ba kasa da 1600 kg / m ^3;

• ruwa sha - 6-16%.

A mutane abu da ya gana da duk wadannan bukatun, kira tubali-Zheleznyak. A lokacin da zabar irin wannan dutse ya kamata kula ciki har da bayyanar. Brick ja launi nuna cewa ya ba a kone, da kuma saboda haka ba sosai m da kuma zafi resistant. Concave ko convex gefuna da na dutse, da a kan m, da shawara cewa ya aka sa a cikin tanda ga tsayi da yawa. Irin daban-daban tubali m. Gina wani harsashin ginin Haikalin iya zama daga cikin mafi ingancin abu. Saboda haka, a cikin wasu abubuwa, da sayan dutse ya kamata kula da suna na maroki da kuma masu sana'anta.

Wani lokaci masu kewayen birni yankunan sosai tushe (ta karkashin kasa part) an girbe daga hematite da plinth - daga cikin yashi da-lemun tsami tubali. Yin haka gina lambobin halatta. Amma kawai a cikin mafi muni, wãtau hali - a kan sandararriyar kasa da kuma a cikin shiri na abin da wasu bai isa a kula da gine-gine (bazara kitchen, gareji, zubar, hozblok, da dai sauransu ...).

Digging a tare mahara

Tun kafuwar aka gina da tubali da hannunsa? Mataki-mataki taro umarnin da wannan makaman za a bayar da baya, a wannan labarin, daki-daki. Na farko, duk da haka, ya kamata har yanzu magance abin da ya kamata a tare mahara karkashin wannan tsarin, da kuma domin da kyau yi shiri aiki.

Yi na dutse gini dokokin yarda ne kawai columnar ko tef tushe na gidaje. Kada tattara daga tubalin da weakly kara bunkasa da tushe na tubalin. Tafin kafa wannan sanyi, a cikin wani hali, dole ne a located kasa da sanyi line. A kudancin yankunan kasar, adadi ne 0.6-1 m, zuwa arewa iya isa har zuwa 2.5 m. A daidai Figures za a iya samu a musamman kundayen.

Ramuka a karkashin da tubali da kafuwar za su tono ba kawai zurfi, amma m. Lalle ne, a cikin wannan yanayin, kula dole ne a dauki zuwa da mason ya isa samuwa sarari ga masonry. Bayan da erection bulo tushe ne "karin" sarari mai cike da fadada lãka ko haske gona. Wannan ba ka damar rage kudi na daskarewa matakin ga takamaiman wuri, kazalika da rage girman da mummunan tasiri a kan karkashin kasa da na yi a cikin bazara na kumburi.

Sauran wuriyar haƙa ƙarƙashin wani tushe a karkashin wannan dokoki a matsayin al'ada Yunƙurin. Wato, da pre-alama aka yi amfani da turaku da igiyar (ta hanyar "Masar alwatika" , ko "na biyu masu lankwasa"), sa'an nan Ya sanya earthworks.

Shiri na da mafita ga masonry

A ingancin da tubali kafuwar ya karu da bukatun. Bayan duk, yadda zai zama da sauki, tabbatas da rai span na ginin gaba ɗaya. Saboda haka ya kamata ka dauki wani alhakin m ba kawai don ya zabi na dutse da kanta, amma kuma ga hanya don shirya bayani. Yashi a gaban tsari ya zama tabbata raraka. Lemun tsami a cikin wani bayani tsara don kwanciya kafuwar, a wani hali ba ƙara. Da ake bukata a shirya cakuda ta amfani da mahautsini. The kama abun da ke ciki shi ne, mafi alhẽri.

A yi na tsiri kafuwar: fage aiki

A excavated wuriyar a tushe na gidan a hankali pre-compacted da kuma baje a kan kasa matakin. Bugu da ari, shi aka zuba yashi-tsakuwa cakuda a wani kauri daga 15 cm. A sakamakon "matashi" sosai compacted rammer da ruwa. Sa'an nan ba waterproofing Layer. Don hana wetting na kafuwar tafin kafa a cikin aiki na "matashi" birgima yin rufi abu (Layer 2-3). Lokaci guda tare da waterproofing kasa da kuma gefen shi ne kyawawa shirya. Domin wannan da yanar gizo a garesu tare da bitumen mastic manna ƙarin tsiri na yin rufi abu.

Tsari na wani goyan baya da bayani

A taushi ƙasa tubali tushe, kamar yadda aka ambata riga, gina tare da kafin tsari na kankare "matashi". A karshen da aka zuba a cikin formwork tare da baiwa, katako, frame, taru daga sanda 12 mm. A kauri daga cikin "matashi" ya kamata a kalla 10 cm. Kafin tattaro ginshiƙai na bukatar tsira ga makonni biyu.

Taruwa, da tsiri tushe

A farko jere na tubalin sanya kai tsaye a kan kankare ko yin rufi abu da cika da kuma m ligation tare da wani bayani da a tsaye seams. Next, taron kafuwar jagorancin janar dokokin m ƙarfafa, a tsaye kuma a kwance. Don gina tushe na da tubali da gidan ne kawai zai yiwu tare da guda-jere bandaging na seams. Domin rage mannewa tsarin da ganuwar da ƙasa, grouting aka yi (ja ruwa). Ba wai kawai a bi da gidajen abinci a lokacin da baya shafe garun da tsarin da aka zaci domin kara waterproofing.

M ginshiƙin gada kafuwar tubalin da hannunsa: mataki-mataki jagora

A nan, da tushe ba haƙa rami a matsayin lokacin amfani kankare turmi, da kuma wuriyar. Bayan duk, don ginshiƙai na masonry bricklayer bukatar sarari. Kafa support zama dole a karkashin duk load-qazanta ganuwar da ginin. Wajibi posts kamata a posted a kan sasanninta. Har ila yau, dole ne su a shigar a rarrabawa katangu. A m gefe tsawon square sashe shafi - 380mm (1.5 tubalin). Sama ƙasa goyin baya ya kamata ya tashi a kalla 20 cm.

Don samun mai santsi masonry, da farko wuriyar shigar downed daga allon-akwatin shaci. A karkashin wadannan pre-kwantar da waterproofing da kuma zuba kankare kushin.

Masonry ne a kusa da wadannan shaci. Bayan ka dage farawa daga dama layuka, da akwatin an cire. A sakamakon haka, ciki da shafi rage komai a sarari a cika da kankare. masonry suke kara kullum da kuma ko da datsa tubalin da ake so tsawo. Sauran ginshiƙai a cikin cibiyar na blank sarari an saka kayan aiki (uku sanda 12 mm) da kuma bayani da aka zuba.

Sama ƙasa shirye ginshikan sau da yawa connect da kankare kintinkiri. Ta zuba a cikin formwork tare da ƙarfafa. Mataimakin sassa tare da juna da kuma da m ginshikan. Maimakon kankare, da sarari tsakanin ginshikan kuma iya kawai kwanciya tubalin.

Fundam na tubalin ga wanka

Ka'idar da gina tushe irin wannan tsarin da wannan a matsayin cewa ga na zama ginin. Mafi sau da yawa, kafuwar sanya na tubalin da hannuwansu ga wanka da aka zuba a cikin wani nau'i na ci gaba da tef. Duk da haka, idan bango ya kamata su sa panel, za ka iya ajiye da kuma sarrafa columnar tushe. Domin ginshiki ɓangare na tsiri tushe wanka ne mafi kyau don amfani ja bulo. Silicate ji tsoro na ruwa. Har ila yau a cikin farfadowa daga tushe karkashin ganuwar da wanka da cikakken hankali ya kamata a biya su waterproofing.

Yadda za a yi wani tushe na tubalin da hannuwansu domin gazebo

A wannan yanayin, zai kasance isa zuwa kafa dirkoki huɗu a kusurwoyi huɗu na tsarin. A karkashin sosai haske pergola irin wannan tushe a wani lokaci ana ba ko da kara bunkasa. Saboda ya fi girma shigarwa na irin wannan an shigar 6-8 ƙafafunsa.

Kamar yadda na tsiri tushe tubali wanka, a karkashin wani arbor tushe da za a waterproofed. A karkashin goyon baya da ake bukata don shige yin rufi abu a dama yadudduka. Lokacin da ciko komai cibiyar da ginshiƙai kafa nageli sanduna ko karkashin kayan doki da ingarma frame gazebo. Sama da surface na goyon bayan da suke dole tashi ta 20 cm. A kankare sanduna kuma kara bunkasa zuwa 20 cm.