A fungal Kwayoyin cewa ba za a iya gano? Features na tsarin da naman gwari cell halayyar

Namomin kaza ne gaba daya musamman kwayoyin, wanda siffofin ne sun fi mayar saboda su salula tsarin. Tsari da kuma halaye na rayuwa na aikin raka'a, kuma za a keɓe wa mu labarin.

Features namomin kaza

Namomin kaza hada da halaye na wakilan da dama mulkokin yanayi. A daya hannun, sun mallaki fasali na shuke-shuke:

1. An a haɗe hanyar rayuwa da kuma ci gaban, wanda ya ci gaba a ko'ina cikin tsawon zama.
2. Fungal Kwayoyin yana da babban vacuole. Wannan organelle cika da ruwa tare da narkar da ma'adanai.
3. Har ila yau, kamar tsire-tsire, fungi da cell bango hada da carbohydrate cellulose. Wannan abu yana ba su ƙarfi da kuma rigidity.
4. Nau'in na fungi haifuwa kamar yadda irin wannan shuka - mafi yawansu ba su kasance m na sporulation kuma vegetative nufi.

Duk da haka, wadannan kwayoyin halayyar da mafi muhimmanci alama na dabbobi. Wannan heterotrophic hanyar cin abinci. A fungal Kwayoyin ba za a iya gano chloroplast. Amma wadannan kore plastids ne alhakin da ikon da kwayoyin zuwa photosynthesis.

Halaye na fungal Kwayoyin

Namomin kaza na iya zama duka guda kuma kwayar. An misali na farko da kungiyar ne Mucor. Its mycelium (mycelium) - shi ne daya babban m cell cewa ya ƙunshi mahara tsakiya. Lalle ne, Mucor kallo kowane kamar yadda wani farin plaque a kan stale burodi da kuma ya ga yana darkens kan lokaci. Wannan shi ne mai tabbatar da alamar cewa Kwayoyin sun riga ya kafa wani jayayya a cikin abin da sake yiwuwar tohowarsu, ta auku Mucor.

Ban sha'awa siffofin da tsarin da naman gwari Kwayoyin, kira yeasts. Ba su samar da ba mycelium. Yisti - unicellular microscopic fungi. Su halayyar alama - haifuwa ta hanyar budding.

A sa na sel ƙunshi fungi hyphae. Wannan zare, kunsha na mycelium da kuma fruiting jikin. Namomin kaza ba real kyallen takarda. The tarin hyphae kira psevdoparenhimoy saboda ta Kwayoyin suna ban qware. Su main aiki ne sha na ruwa daga cikin substrate.

Hyphae blewits kwayar. Bã su da wani ban sha'awa alama. A partitions, wanda ake dake tsakanin su Kwayoyin suna da ramuka. Ta hanyar su, da cytoplasm tare da wasu gabbansa iya tafiya a cikin dukan gifam.

Shell fungal Kwayoyin

Na waje fungal cell naúrar yana dauke da membrane da garun. A farko tsarin yana da wani hali tsarin da ya kunshi gina jiki-sia gidaje. Cell bango na fungi halin gaban yawa glucose polymers. Wadannan sun hada da:

• chitin.
• cellulose.
• glucans.

A farko daga gare su predominates. Wannan abu ne wani ɓangare daga cikin matsanancin kwarangwal arthropod. Chitin ma'anar tsarin fasali kamar wani fungal cell inertia, rigidity da kuma ƙarfi.

By su sinadaran halitta shi ne a nitrogen-dauke da polysaccharide da branched tsarin. Cell bango na fungi ma ya ƙunshi cellulose, glucans, galactose da glycoproteins.

Dindindin cell Tsarin

Kwayoyin halitta naman gwari ne na hali eukaryotes. Su ciki abinda ke ciki wakilci cytoplasm, wanda shi ne wani Semi-m dalilin da jeri na daban-daban Tsarin.

A fungal Kwayoyin ba zai iya gane centrioles, da wasu gabbansa plastids da kuma motsi. A tsakiyar matsayi ne shagaltar da tsakiya, inda kwayoyin bayanai da aka adana. Ayyuka na kira, ajiya da kuma sufuri na daban-daban Organic abubuwa ne da za'ayi peroxisome, Golgi na'ura da kuma endoplasmic reticulum. Stores da abu da kuma vacuole, cikinsa da jinkiri hadaddun carbohydrate glycogen.

Energy rawar da mitochondria, wanda aka kafa a kan membranes na ATP kwayoyin. Musculoskeletal tsarin fungal Kwayoyin Forms da cytoskeleton. A kan aiwatar da "taron jama'a" na sunadaran ma shiga ribosomes, wanda aka zubar a kan surface na granular EPS. Kuma a cikin tsakiyan nonon mata na daban-daban abubuwa dauki vesicles dauke da hydrolytic enzymes hannu. Su kira lysosomes.

A tsarin da kowane irin organelle ne a hankali alaka aiki, da tarawa sakamako daga wanda kayyade hadewa aikin na wani hadadden salula tsarin.

ikon hanyar

A fungal Kwayoyin ba za a iya gano plastids. Wannan Gaskiya ne, na chloroplast, da gaban wanda kayyade yadda da abinci kwayoyin. Musamman fungal Kwayoyin karya a kan gaskiyar cewa sun cinye kawai shirya kayayyakin da suke iya haduwa nasu. Wannan hanya na cin da aka kira heterotrophic.

Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa kyawon tsayuwa shirya a kan abinci. Su plaque za a iya gani a kan burodi, da kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itãce. Daga cikin da yawa fungi da kuma parasitic jinsunan. Phytophthora, Polypore, fumfuna shirya a kan shuke-shuke da kuma ciyar saboda dũkiyõyinsu.

Jikin blewits gabatar kwayar mycelium located karkashin kasa. Ya kunshi mutum zaren kira hyphae. A ƙasa mycelium siffofin fruiting jikin, wanda muka kasance munã kira namomin kaza. Hyphae sha ruwa da kuma ma'adanai daga ƙasa, mukaddashin kamar a tushen wata shuka.

irin kiwo

Musamman fungal Kwayoyin da kuma sanin da irin haifuwa. Saboda haka, yisti rayayye kodan. Su Kwayoyin haka ya samar da wata protrusion cewa tsiro yakan mallaki halayyar fasali na tsari da kuma cleaved. wannan tsari ne sosai m a sharadi gwargwado. Godiya ga wannan yisti sun dade da aka yi amfani da ko'ina a gurasa da ruwan inabi.

Mutane da yawa jinsunan fungi nunawa sel sake yiwuwar tohowarsu - rigingimu. Irin wannan hanya ne ma tasiri. Alal misali, cikin ƙananan Layer hula talakawa Podberezovik iya girma miliyoyin spores. Wadannan kananan da kuma hur cell saukin yada ta iska, ruwa, kwari da mutane.

Da taimakon fungal hyphae karbe vegetatively. Wajibi ne a ware wani ɓangare na mycelium da kuma sanya shi a cikin wani m yanayi, duka biyu bayan wani lokaci za girma da kuma sake form fruiting jikin.

A jima'i tsari ya auku a fungi yin amfani da matsayin shawarwari da kuma gametes, wanda aka kafa a cikin na musamman hukumomin, tattara abubuwa masu kyau da nau'i-nau'i.

motsi

Fungal Kwayoyin, kamar yadda mai mulkin, har yanzu. Wadannan kwayoyin suna a haɗe hanyar rayuwar da ya kawo su kusa da shuke-shuke. A tsaye matsayi na fungi saboda su dogara a kan substrate, wanda shi ne domin su da wani makawa tushen abinci mai gina jiki. An togiya ne fungal spores ƙananan. Su ne da wasu gabbansa da motsi - flagella ke ba su damar shawo kan sararin nisa da dama kilomita dubu.

girma

Kamar tsire-tsire, wadannan kwayoyin girma a size cikin rayuwa. Amma ta yaya, sa'an nan, rayuwa namomin kaza? Ba haka dogon. Alal misali, amanita, da muka taru a cikin dazuzzuka, ya kai ta matsakaicin size a makonni biyu. Bugu da ƙari, cikin aiwatar da m girma ya lura a karo na farko kwanaki biyar na raya kasa.

Da farko Tashoshi kara kafa, sa'an nan 'yan more kwana, shi "kama up" hat. Don m girma na fungi suke da muhimmanci sosai yanayi. Wannan isasshen adadin danshi, zafi, gaban oxygen. Ba abin mamaki sai su ce, "an mai ɓuɓɓugowa har kamar namomin kaza bayan ruwan sama."

A iri-iri na namomin kaza

Namomin kaza suna classified bisa ga daban-daban sharudda. Bisa ga mycelium tsarin rarrabe biyu kungiyoyin: ƙananan kuma mafi girma. Tsohon da ACELLULAR mycelium, wanda shi ne bã tãre da wani shingen. A rukuni na saman mafi yawa.

A peculiarities daga cikin kungiyar ne pileate fungi da mold, da kuma na karshen su - da guda da kwayar. Rarraba wadannan kwayoyin da abinci irin. Parasites rayuwa kashe wasu abubuwa masu rai, sau da yawa haddasa musu mummunar cuta. A saprotrophic namomin kaza, wanda ya hada da mafi yawan, aikata wata cũta. Su decompose kwayoyin halitta ragowar masu rai, wanda yake shi ne wani muhimmin ɓangare na wani yanayin kasa.

Saboda haka da naman gwari cell hadawa da siffofin duka biyu da shuke-shuke da dabbobi. Saboda wannan dalili, sai suka samar da wani raba din raka'a. A fungal Kwayoyin ba za a iya gano chloroplast. Saboda haka, suna iya ci kawai kwayoyin abubuwa shirye - heterotrophically. Animal alamar fungal Kwayoyin ne kuma ajiya na glycogen polysaccharide da kuma gaban chitin. Akwai da dama daga shuka sifofin. Wadannan sun hada da gaban cell bango da vacuoles.