A farko wakilin alkenes - ethylene. The jiki Properties, shirye-shiryen, da yin amfani da ethylene

Bright wakilin unsaturated hydrocarbons - ethene (ethylene). Jiki Properties: colorless flammable gas, fashewar cakuda da oxygen da kuma iska. The gagarumin yawa ethylene daga man fetur samu ga m kira na Organic abubuwa (monohydric da dihydric alcohols, polymers, acetic acid da kuma sauran mahadi).

Homologue jerin ethylene, sp ² hybridization

Hydrocarbons, irin wannan a cikin tsarin da kaddarorin da ethene ake kira alkenes. Tarihi kunshe wani lokaci domin wannan kungiyar - olefins. A general dabara na C _n H _2n nuna abun da ke ciki na dukan ajin na abubuwa. Its farko wakilin - ethylene kwayoyin wanda carbon atoms samar da ba uku amma kawai biyu o-hydrogen bond. Alkenes - unsaturated ko unsaturated mahadi dabara C ₂ H _4. An gauraye a cikin nau'i na makamashi da kuma kawai 2 p- kuma s-1 carbon zarra, da electron girgije, duk uku o-dimbin yawa connection. Wannan yanayin da aka kira da SP2-hybridization. A karo na hudu valency na carbon riƙe a cikin kwayoyin faruwa π-bond. A tsarin dabara na tsarin halayyar da aka nuna. Amma alamomin da ya nuna daban-daban na sadarwa a cikin zane-zane yawanci amfani da wannan - dashes ko-dige. ethylene tsarin ma'anar ta hulda da aiki abubuwa na daban-daban azuzuwan. Accession ruwa da sauran barbashi auku saboda katsewa da m π-shaidu. Da warware valences suna ma'amala saboda electrons da oxygen, hydrogen, halogens.

Ethylene: jiki Properties na al'amarin

Ethene karkashin al'ada yanayi (na yanayi matsa lamba da kuma yawan zafin jiki na 18 ° C) - colorless iskar gas. Yana yana da dadi (da muhimmanci) wari, shi exerts da inhalation narcotic sakamako a kan mutane. Solidifies a -169,5 ° C, ya narke a cikin wannan zafin jiki yanayi. Tafasa ethene a -103,8 ° C. Ignites lokacin tsanani da zuwa 540 ° C. Gas da lit, mai bayyanãwa harshen wuta tare da low toka. Ethylene aka narkar a ether da acetone, da yawa kasa - a cikin ruwa da kuma barasa. Taso matauni taro abubuwa - 28 g / mole. The uku da na hudu wakilan da homologue jerin ethene - kuma gaseous abubuwa. The jiki Properties na biyar kuma da wadannan alkenes ne daban-daban, su ne taya da daskararru.

Shiri kuma Properties na ethylene

Jamus sunadarai Iogan Beher bazata yi amfani da barasa a gwaje-gwajen da mayar da hankali sulfuric acid. Saboda haka ethene aka farko samu a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje (1680). A tsakiyar karni XIX PM Butlerov ya ba da take fili, ethylene. Jiki Properties da kuma sinadaran halayen sun kuma an bayyana a san Rasha sunadarai. Butlerof samarwa tsarin dabara nuna tsarin da al'amarin. Hanyar nunarsa a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje:

1. Catalytic hydrogenation na acetylene.
2. Dehydrohalogenation chloroethane ta dauki tare da mayar da hankali giya bayani da wani karfi tushe (Alkali) tare da dumama.
3. Tsakiyan nonon na ruwa kwayoyin na ethyl barasa (dehydration). Yana daukan wani dauki a gaban sulfuric acid. Its lissafi: H2C-CH2-OH → H2C = CH2 + H2O

A masana'antu samar:

• refining - fatattaka da kuma pyrolysis na hydrocarbons.
• dehydrogenation na ethane a gaban mai kara kuzari. H ₃ C-CH ₃ → H ₂ C = CH ₂ + ₂ H

ethylene tsarin bayani da hankula sinadaran halayen - Accession barbashi C kwayoyin halitta, wanda suke a cikin biyu bond:

1. Halogenation da gidrogalogenirovanie. A kayayyakin da wadannan halayen da ake halogenated.
2. A hydrogenation (jikewa hydrogen), da shiri na ethane.
3. Hadawan abu da iskar shaka zuwa diol ethylene glycol. Its dabara: OH-H2C-CH2-OH.
4. Polymerization bisa ga makirci: n (H2C = CH2) → n (-H2C-CH2-).

Areas na aikace-aikace na ethylene

By fractional barasan man fetur zuwa babban kundin samu ethylene. The jiki Properties, tsari da kuma sinadaran halitta daga cikin kayan kyale ta yin amfani da a samar da ethanol, halogenated alcohols, oxide, acetic acid da kuma sauran mahadi. Ethene - polyethylene monomer, da kuma fara abu domin polystyrene.

Dichloroethane wanda aka shirya daga ethene da chlorine, shi ne mai kyau da sauran ƙarfi amfani da a samar da polyvinylchloride (PVC). Polyethylene na low kuma high matsa lamba samar film, da sarewa, da kwano, polystyrene - lokuta ga CD-ROM drive da sauran cikakkun bayanai. PVC - shi ne tushen linoleum, raincoats. A noma, ethene sarrafa 'ya'yan kafin girbi don hanzarta ripening.