Yanayin Chichikov ga Manilov. Poem N.V. Gogol "Matattu Rayuka"

Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol shine sanannun wallafe-wallafe na Rasha. Kuma sunayen mafi girma a cikinta an haɗa shi da ƙin ƙiri. A wannan ma'anar, Nikolai Vasilyevich ba wani bane. Alal misali, ya kira aikin Dead Souls a waka, ko da yake an rubuta shi a cikin layi, ba shayari ba. Wannan ya karfafa muhimmancin halittarsa. Waƙar, tunawa, wani nau'i ne na ƙwallon ƙafa na lyric, wanda aka bambanta ta hanyar ɗaukar abubuwan da suka faru, da zurfin abun ciki. Duk da haka, wannan ba'a iyakancewa ba ne game da ƙwarewar Gogol.

Gaskiyar lamarin Gogol

A cikin wallafe-wallafen Rasha, tare da zuwan ayyukan satirical wanda wannan marubucin ya ƙirƙira, an ƙarfafa cigaba mai mahimmanci a lokacin wallafe-wallafe na gaskiya. Gogol ya hakikanin abin da ya faru ne da cike da annoba, yana nuna karfi - a cikin wannan babban bambanci daga masu zamani da kuma magabata. Hanyar fasaha na mawallafin an ambaci sunansa. An kira shi mummunar gaskiyanci. Litattafan Gogol ne wani sabon wasa na babban dabiu na haruffa. Hyperbole ya zama hanyar da yafi so. Wannan wata alama ce mai girma game da siffar da aka ƙaddara game da fasali.

Rubutun a kan Manilov a cikin jerin wasu surori akan masu gida

Kafin muyi la'akari da halin da Chichikov yayi ga Manilov, muna bayani a taƙaice tsarin tsarin, aikin da waɗannan kalmomi biyu suke ciki. Surori kan masu mallakar gidaje wani ɓangare ne mai muhimmanci na waka. Ana ba su fiye da rabi girma na ƙarar farko. Gogol ya shirya su a cikin tsari wanda aka yi la'akari sosai: na farko - Manilov, mai mafarki mai lalata, wadda aka maye gurbin mai farfajiyar mai kula da akwati; A karshen ya yi tsayayya da Nozdrev, wani m, wani rushe mai gida; Bayan wannan, kuma, akwai wani wuri ga mai kula da gida-tattalin arziki Sobakevich. Closes gallery Plyushkin - wani miser, embodying matsanancin matsayi na degeneracy wannan aji.

Dabarun da marubucin ke amfani da su

Mun lura lokacin karatun aikin da marubucin ya sake maimaita dabaru a cikin hoton kowane mai mallakar gida. Da farko dai ya bayyana bayanin ƙauyen, gidan, bayyanar wannan ko jaririn. Bayan hakan ya biyo bayan yadda ya amsa gayyatar Chichikov. Sa'an nan kuma ya zo hotunan dangantakar wannan jarumi ga kowane mai gida da kuma, a ƙarshe, wurin da ake sayarwa da sayarwa. Kuma wannan ba abin bace ba ne. An wallafa wani shinge na haɗin ginin da marubucin ya nuna don dawo da baya, da rikice-rikice na lardin lardin, da ƙuntatawa da kuma rabu da masu mallakar gidaje. Ya jaddada mutuwa da damuwa.

Halaye na Chichikov, hali to Manilov

Chichikov kusan zuwa babi na karshe na aikin ya kasance ga mai karatu baƙo. Babban hali a cikin littafin bai faɗi kome game da kansa ba. Ayyukan wannan mutumin yana nuna kawai a kan sayen rayuka masu rai. Akwai jin cewa shi kansa zai iya kasancewa a cikinsu. Sauran haruffa sun sake sake wannan jerin. Halittar ɗan adam yana gurbata ta hanyarsa ta kowane ɗayansu, wanda aka nuna a cikin waka "Dead Souls".

Hoton Chichikov yana da nau'i na "matsakaicin mutum". Da sha'awar riba ya maye gurbin duk wani abu. Ga masu mallakar gidaje, yana nufin, a halin yanzu, ga halin su dangane da ma'amala. Abu mafi muhimmanci shi ne don samun rayuka masu rai. Ga wadanda suka sauƙaƙe shi da wannan dama, yana godiya. Wannan zamu ga misalin Manilov ("Mutuwar Rayuka"). Hoton Chichikov bisa ga al'adar Gogol ya nuna alamar babban alama. A cikin yanayinsa, wannan sha'awar ne don riba. A cikin aikata laifuka, Chichikov dole ne ya kasance mai ilimin ilimin ilimin psychologist da physiologist. Duk da haka, yana ganin a cikin jarumi ne kawai masu zaman kansu, wanda Gogol yayi kokarin kaiwa ga kowa, jigilar. Abin da ke tattare da hotuna shi ne halayen marubucin. Halin da Chichikov ya yi wa Manilov, da kuma sauran masu mallakar gidaje, ya danganci daidai da dangantakar kasuwanci.

Hoton Manilov

Game da Manilov, mai tausayi da kuma "mai kula da kai" mai kula da gida, mun koya daga babin farko na "Mutuwar Rayuka." A ciki, marubucin ya nuna bayyanar wannan jarumi, yana mai da hankalin idanunsa, "mai dadi kamar sukari." Halin halin Manilov yana nuna kanta a hanyar da ake magana ta musamman, a cikin yin amfani da magana mai ma'ana. Jahilci na wannan jarumi na mutane, ana nuna kyakkyawan zuciya yayin da yake ba da sanarwa ga jami'an gari kamar "mafi kyawun" da "mutane masu daraja". Wannan ne halayyar Manilow.

Gogol daga mataki zuwa mataki yayi watsi da rashin girman mutumin. Satire ya maye gurbin irony. 'Yan gidan wannan mai mallakar (Themistoclus da Alcides) sunaye ne bayan tsohuwar magajin Girkanci don nuna cewa iyayensu suna ilimin. Manilov yana jin daɗi sosai, ya hana ainihin ra'ayi da tunani. Kansa da mai masauki ne a matattu rai, halakakke kamar duk autocratic mulkin gargajiya tsarin kasar mu a wancan lokaci. Hanyoyin da ke cikin hatsari, "manilovs" suna da cutarwa. Daga gudanarwa su na iya tsammanin sakamakon tattalin arziki mafi muni.

Manilov na biyu

Mene ne ra'ayin Chichikov ga Manilov? Shi ne saba da wannan alama nice mutumin a cikin gwamnan ball. Nan da nan sai mai gabatarwa ya karbi gayyatar da ya ziyarci gidansa - Manilovka. Bayan haka, Chichikov ya gana da Manilov a ƙauyen.

Gabatarwa na farko game da mai gabatarwa: wannan aboki ne mai kyau. Duk da haka, halayyar mai mallakar gida ya sake canje-canje. Muna kallon shi riga tare da idanuwan Gogol, wanda ya ce shi "ba a cikin garin Bogdan ba, kuma ba a kauyen Selifan ba." Suna ɓoye a bayan ƙarancin mutum na waje, kamar yadda muka gani, rashin kuzari da ƙyama, wanda ya nuna alamar marubucin Manilov. Maigidan yana aiki tare da kansa kawai. Bai bi tattalin arzikin ba. Mai tsaron gida da magatakarda suna kula da harkokin, sata yana sata a gidansa. Babu wani abu da ba shi da sha'awar wannan hali. Dama da shi da cikakken shagaltar unfulfilled mafarkai da komai tunani. Ya yi magana kadan, kuma babu tabbacin abin da ke cikin tunaninsa. Koyaushe a kan teburin wannan mai mallakar gida wani littafi ne da aka kwance a kan shafi ɗaya. Bai cika ba har ma a cikin gidansa. Shekaru da dama, wani ɓangare na ɗakin shakatawa ya tsaya, an rufe shi da matting, babu ɗakuna a cikin ɗakuna. Wannan ya nuna dabi'ar mai mallakar gida da kuma yiwu. Manilov - maimakon siffar kai tsaye, ba wani mutum ba. Yana da mai gida na na Nicholas epoch.

Ofishin Manilov

Bari mu ci gaba da nazarin rubutun "Chichikov daga Manilov". Bayan dogon abincin rana tare da adadi mai yawa zuwa adireshin mai baƙo da rundunonin, zancen tattaunawar yana zuwa mataki na gaba. Chichikov ya fara tsari na kasuwanci. Ma'anar ofishin Manilov ya nuna yadda yake ba shi da kyau ga kowane irin aiki. Gidan kujera, kujera huɗu, ganuwar suna fentin launin fatar launin toka ko blue. Amma akwai karin taba. An samo shi a sasanninta daban daban na gida a wasu siffofin. Ko'inace mulki yana mulki da rashin lafiya.

Manilov mafarki

Ya bayyana a lokacin tattaunawar cewa mai mallakar gida bai ma da ra'ayin yawan mutanen da suka mutu. A gare shi, akwai muhimman al'amura fiye da gudanar da tattalin arziki. Ya mafarki na gina babban gada a fadin kogi, inda masu sayarwa za su sayar da kananan abubuwa zuwa ga yankunan. Manilov yana da marmarin farfado da makomar sakon, amma kula da shi cikin aiki ba a fahimta ta kowane hanya ba. Saboda haka, Chichikov bai taba bincikar yawan rayukan ruhin mutumin ba. Amma wannan bai hana shi ba.

Ta yaya Manilov ya amsa tambayoyin Chichikov?

Ayyukan Manilov zuwa shawarwarin Chichikov yana da ban sha'awa. Wannan jarumin nan da nan ya watsar da bututu a kasa ya bude bakinsa, ya zauna a wannan matsayi na minti kadan. Mai rikicewa ya rikita mai mallakar gida. Kasancewa kawai game da shari'ar irin wannan aiki ya kawo shi dan kadan. Manilov yana da wauta ne don ya gwada Chichikov na zamba, amma ya yarda, duk da haka, "ba shi da sha'awa" don kawo rayukan rayuka. Hakika, wannan sanarwa da aka yi farin ciki. Chichikov ya gaya wa maigidan mai godiya da yawa, "da godiya." Nan take, Manilov ya manta game da tashin hankali.

Ya riga ya girma kuma bai kula da dalilin da ya sa bako yana bukatar rayuka masu mutuwa. Ya yi farin ciki cewa ya yi aiki mai kyau ga mutum. Wannan shi ne mai mallakar Manilov. A karshen wannan ziyarar, Gogol ya rubuta cewa, da dogon lokaci abokan biyu suka girgiza hannuwansu da juna kuma suka dubi juna, wadanda suka cika da hawaye. Ƙarin ban sha'awa mai ban sha'awa da ke tattare da duka biyu. Halin Chichikov zuwa Manilov a wannan yanayin karshe ya bayyana sosai. Wannan yarjejeniya ta kasance mai sauki a gare shi.