Yegor Gaidar. Biography, aiki. Iyali Rasha siyasa

Yau, da yawa shudder tuna da kõfatansu a kan duwatsu 90-s, a lokacin da miliyoyin mutane aka tilasta fuskanci dukan wahalar da miƙa mulki daga gurguzanci zuwa jari hujja. Daya daga cikin key Figures a kan siyasa scene a lokacin da aka Yegor Gaidar. Ko da yake tun da mutuwa na siyasa shige 5 shekaru, har yanzu siga muhawara game da tattalin arziki da sake fasalin Kanmu ta ɓullo da kaidinsu.

Yegor Gaidar: biography, kabila daga iyaye

Sunan cewa manufofin a cikin tsohon Tarayyar Soviet da aka sani ga kowane makaranta, kamar yadda miliyoyin Soviet yara da aka kawo misali da heroes da littattafai da aka rubuta da kakansa - Arkadiem Golikovym. A lokacin yakin basasa da ya yi yaƙi a cikin sahu na Red Army, da kuma yayin da hidima a Khakassia yana da laƙabi Gaidar. Daga baya, marubucin ya dauki shi a matsayin mahaifi, to, wanda aka wuce wa ɗansa, daga na biyu aure da Liey Lazarevnoy Solomyanskoy - Timur, sa'an nan zuwa jikansa. Saboda haka, mahaifin Egora Gaydara ne a Rasha ne kawai a kan mahaifinsa ba, amma yana da Yahudawa tushen da mahaifiyarsa.

Timur Abramovich aka haife shi a 1926 da kuma sadaukar da ransa ga Soviet Navy, tanã fita zuwa ga daraja da Rear Admiral. Layi daya ga wannan, ya samu wani na biyu digiri a Faculty of Aikin Jarida WPA su. Lenin, da kuma bayan kammala soja aiki, aiki a matsayin wakilin na jaridar "Pravda" a kasashen waje. A shekarar 1955 ya auri 'yar sanannen Rasha marubuci Bazhov - Ariadne Pavlovna, da kuma a shekara ta 1956 suka yi a dan - Yegor Gaidar, biography, kabila, da wanda ayyukan a fagen siyasa da aka bayyana a kasa.

yara

Egor Timurovich Gaydar (biography, kabila da mahaifansa biyu da ka riga aka sani) an haife shi a Moscow. Kamar yadda aka ce, shi ne jikan biyu sanannun marubuta. Game da kasa da manufofin, ya dauki kansa Rasha.

A farkon shekarun Yegor ya a Cuba, inda a matsayin wakilin na jaridar "Pravda", da aka aika da mahaifinsa. Akwai ya gana da Fidel Castro da kuma Che Guevara, wanda ya ziyarci gidan inda da iyali ya rayu Egora Gaydara.

A shekarar 1966, yaron da aka dauka zuwa {asar Yugoslavia, inda ya zama Mai ƙididdigewa ga adabi, wanda aka dakatar a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, kazalika da ganowa da gaskiya, undistorted ji Marx da Engels ta tattalin arziki da aikin.

A 1971 da iyali koma zuwa babban birnin kasar, da kuma Yegor Gaidar fara halartar makaranta da lambar 152, wanda aka 2 shekaru daga baya ya sauke karatu tare da wani ya samu lambar zinariya. Shigar da tattalin arziki baiwa na Moscow Jami'ar Jihar, saurayin soma nazarin tsare-tsare al'amurran da suka shafi a cikin masana'antu, da kuma bayan samun wani ja diploma ci gaba da inganta su sani a digiri na biyu makaranta.

Career da bincike ayyuka a cikin lokaci predperestroechny

A 1980, Gaydar Egor Timurovich kare PhD rubutun a kan sunadaran da kai-da kudi, ya shiga cikin jam'iyyar kwaminis, da wanda ya kasance har sai da Agusta 1991 juyin mulki shekara da kuma samu a rarraba a cikin Scientific Research Institute for System Nazarin.

Akwai ya fara aiki tare da ƙungiyar matasa masana kimiyya, jagorancin sanannun Soviet tattalin arziki Stanislav Shatalin. Ba da da ewa Gaidar da takwarorinsa tsunduma a wani kamanta bincike na tattalin arziki da sake fasalin a cikin kasashen na gurguzu sansanin, kafa wani m imani a cikin bukatar da muhimman hakkokin sake fasalin a cikin Tarayyar Soviet.

A daidai wannan lokacin, da masanin kimiyyar ya gana da Anatoliem Chubaysom, da kuma kewaye da su kafa wani da'irar kamar shiryayye, da ha sha'awar canji a cikin tattalin arziki Sphere.

A shekarar 1986, Yegor Gaidar a cikin kungiyar a karkashin jagorancin Shatalina aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga Institute of Economics na Academy of Sciences da Tarayyar Soviet, da kuma a cikin kimiyya al'umma a sakamakon manufofin da glasnost, Gorbachev ya bayyana, shi ne zai yiwu a tattauna al'amurran da suka shafi alaka da shirye-shiryen da miƙa mulki ga kasuwar Sin.

a aikin jarida aiki

Gaidar 'yantar ideas na tattalin arzikin iya da kyau zama ba a sani ba ga jama'a, idan masanin kimiyyar bai yarda da tayin zama mataimakin editan "kwaminis" mujallar, da kuma daga baya - kai na tattalin arziki da sashen na jaridar "Pravda". A wannan lokaci na aiki, ya rayayye inganta ra'ayin rage kasafin kudin ciyarwarsu a kan Sphere, ba kawo moriya sosai. A wannan yanayin, a farko mataki na ta aiki a matsayin 'yar jarida Gaidar ya mai taimako sauka a hankali ya gyara aikinsa, cewa zai yiwu a gudanar da wani a cikin data kasance Soviet tsarin.

Aikinsa a matsayin shugaban gwamnatin na RSFSR AI

Shahararren Agusta da dare a 1991 Egor Gaydar halarci tsaro na fadar White House. Akwai ya gana da jihar sakataren RSFSR G. Burbulis. Last rinjayi Yeltsin ya amince da ci gaba da shirin na tattalin arziki da sake fasalin Gaidar kungiyar. A watan Oktoba na shekarar 1991, an gabatar a 5th Congress of Mutane ta wakilai, da kuma aka amince da wakilai. Da dama kwana, Gaydar Egor Timurovich aka nada mataimakin shugaban RSFSR gwamnati a lura da al'amurran da suka shafi tattalin arziki, da kuma Yuni 15, 1992 ya zama mukaddashin firayim ministan kasar. A wannan wuri ya zauna har sai Disamba 15, 1992 da kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin halittar da yawa na jihar cibiyoyin na Rasha Federation, kamar haraji da banki tsarin, al'adu, kudi kasuwanni da sauransu. A daidai wannan lokaci a yau, da sukar da Gaidar ne shi dora alhakin mummunan sakamakon da sauye-sauye: da ragewar darajar kuɗi mutane ta tanadi, hyperinflation, da dakushe samar, mai kaifi dakushe a cikin talakawan misali na rai, kazalika da ci gaba da samun kudin shiga rashin daidaito.

Siyasa da 'yan majalisun rikicin a 1993

Yegor Gaidar, wanda biography ƙunshi nassoshi ba kawai game da ups, amma kuma hambarar, bai samu goyon bayan majalisar wakilai na 7th Congress of Mutane ta wakilai, a kan da aka nada shi shugaban gwamnatin. Wannan ƙi zuwa yarda da manufofin a kan daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci mukamai a jihar, tare da da dama sauran dalilai suka kai ga farkon rikicin siyasa.

Daga Disamba 1992 zuwa watan Satumba na shekara ta 1993, Yegor Gaidar aka tsunduma a kimiyya aiki. Bugu da kari, ya shawarci shugaban kasar na Rasha Federation a kan tattalin arziki da siyasa. The siyasa wani key adadi a lokacin da tsarin mulki ya rikicin na 1993, 'yan kwanaki kafin wannan, sai aka nada mataimakin shugaban Chernomyrdin gwamnati. Shi ya tambayi Muscovites a talabijin da kuma kira zuwa tara a kusa da ginin na Moscow City Majalisar. A sakamakon haka, a kan dare na 22 ga watan Satumba a kan Tverskaya bayyana barricades, kuma da safe akwai wani hadari da fadar White House ya ƙare tare da nasarar Yeltsin magoya bayan.

Ba da da ewa ya juya daga cewa Gaidar da Chernomyrdin da muhimman hakkokin bambance-bambance a kan manyan batutuwan da suka shafi tattalin arziki da siyasa na kasar, don haka Gaidar mika ya yi murabus, bayan bayanin dalilinsa na ya mataki a cikin wata wasika zuwa ga shugaban kasar.

m ayyuka

Daga Disamba 1993 zuwa karshen 1995, Gaidar shi ne mataimakin na Jihar Duma. Layi daya ga wannan, ya shugabanci jam'iyyar "Democratic Zabi na Rasha". A lokacin da Chechnya yaki siyasa Yegor Gaidar sanya fada da abokan gaba da kuma kira Boris Yeltsin ya daina ya gabatarwa ga na gaba wa'adin shugabancin kasar. Duk da haka, bayan buga da shirin zaman lafiya shiri na amfani da makamai rikici a Chechnya, ya jam'iyyar goyon a zaben shugaban kasa.

block "Union of Forces Dama" da aka kafa a 1999. Kamar yadda ya shiga cikin jam'iyyar da kuma Gaidar. A zaben da aka gudanar a watan Disamba wannan shekara, ya kuma an zabe shi mukaddashin na Jihar Duma na uku taro. A lokacin da ya aiki a cikin mafi girman majalisu jiki na kasar Gaidar halarci da ci gaba da Budget da Tax Codes.

mutuwa siyasa

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, rai na Yegor Gaidar da wasu kiwon lafiya matsaloli. A musamman, a cikin 2006, ya suma a lokacin da jama'a bayyanar a Ireland, aka ɗauke shi zuwa cikin m kula naúrar na wani asibiti a garin, kuma zauna a can 'yan kwanaki. Tun da yake wannan taron ya faru a kan rana bayan sanarwar da guba tare da polonium Alexander Litvinenko, a cikin latsa jita-jita cewa Gaidar shi ma aka azabtar da wani yunkurin. Yana da aka bincika, amma babu wata hujja da guba da aka samu.

Egora Gaydara mutuwa faru Disamba 16, 2009 at gidansa, dake a cikin kauyen na ɗauka. Sanannun tattalin arziki a lokacin da aka sani kawai 53 shekara. Yara Egora Gaydara, musamman, 'yarsa Maria, ya ruwaito cewa mahaifinsa ya mutu daga wani ciwon zuciya. Amma ga likitoci, suna mai suna a matsayin hanyar detachment na thrombus.

Jana'iza siyasa da aka gudanar a Novodevichy hurumi. Egora Gaydara matarsa da sauran wadanda ke cikin iyali ba ya so ya bayyana su kwanan wata, don haka binne ya faru ba tare da gaban da bare.

Personal rai

A karo na farko Egor Gaydar aure quite farkon, yana da shekaru 22 years. Zaba-dalibi na 5th hanya tattalin arziki baiwa na Moscow Jami'ar Jihar zama Irina Smirnova, da wanda siyasa hadu da shekaru 10 da shekaru. Kamar yadda ya daga baya shigar Egor Gaydar, ya na sirri rayuwa a cikin tsawon binciken a digiri na biyu makaranta da kuma a cikin farkon shekaru na Research Institute for System Nazarin sun ba samo asali. Saboda haka, duk da cewa da farko aure ya ya'ya biyu, bayan haihuwar 'yarsa, sai ya fara tunani game da saki.

Wani lokaci daga baya, Gaidar sanya wani biyu aure da Maria Strugatsky. Saboda haka, manufofin dangantaka tare da shahararrun Soviet almarar kimiyya marubuci Arkadiem Strugatskim, wanda ya zama ya surukinsa, da kuma tare da shahararrun Sinologist Iley Oshaninym wanda ya zo wa matarsa ta kakan. Na biyu iyali Egora Gaydara dade har mutuwarsa, kuma a cikin wannan aure Yana da wani ɗa.

Yara Egora Gaydara

Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, daga farko aure manufofin 'ya'ya biyu: ɗa, da kuma' ya mace. Lokacin da iyaye saki, da yarinya ta zauna tare da mahaifiyarta, yayin da wanta - Bitrus - Irina Smirnova amince da ci gaba da mijin ta iyaye, wanda a da shi doted.

Bugu da kari, na biyu matar Egora Gaydara, wanda yana da ɗa, daga baya dangantaka, yana da wani biyu aure wani yaro. Wannan ya faru a shekara ta 1990, da kuma yaro mai suna Paul. Shi ne jikan Arkady Strugatsky da kuma mai girma-jikoki Arkadiya Gaydara da Paul Bazhov.

Saboda haka, manufar da dukan uku nazarin halittu yara da kuma daya soma yaro.

Maria Gaidar

Daga cikin dukkan yara na siyasa a lokacin da mafi girma da amfani ga kansa janyo hankalin 'yar daga farko aure - Maria Gaidar. Bayan kisan aure da mahaifansa biyu da shekaru 3 years old yarinya ci gaba da rayuwa tare da shi da uwa tasa, wanda nan da nan remarried. Lokacin da Mary koya a cikin na uku sa, da iyali koma Bolivia. Kafin tafiya, ta canja da yarinya sunan, ta zama Smirnova. Bayan shekaru 5, Maria, tare da mahaifiyarta da kuma uban rana koma zuwa Moscow da kuma fara halarci wani musamman makaranta tare da Spanish karkatarwa. Gaidar sunan, ta samu damar dawo da kawai yana da shekaru 22 years, bayan da Academy of National Tattalin Arziki.

Bayan samun da dokar mataki, ta tafi ta hanyar 'yan cinikai, inda ya yi aiki ga wani malami, mai sarrafa da kuma wani gwani a cikin shiryawa, sa'an nan' yar Egora Gaydara kokarin hannunsa a matsayin TV gabatar a O2TV, kuma tun 2008 - a rediyo tashar "Echo na Moscow".

Layi daya ga wannan, Maria Egorovna rayayye da hannu a siyasa aiki da kuma a 2006 ya memba na Presidium na Union of Forces Dama. Ta ya ko da yaushe kiyaye oppositional ra'ayoyi da kuma zama akai-akai jam'iyyar rallies da zanga shirya abokan adawar na halin yanzu hukumomin kasar.

Maris 26, 2009 'yar Egora Gaydara suka zama manya-mataimakin gwamnan Rasha Federation, amma a shekarar 2011 ta sanar da ta yi murabus dangane da so su ci gaba da ilimi a} asar Amirka, a School of Public Administration shi. Yahaya. F. Kennedy a Harvard.

Bayan ya dawo daga Amurka, Maria yi aiki a takaice a cikin gwamnati na Moscow, sa'an nan sa a gaba ga Moscow City Duma wakilai,, amma an ba rajista izberkomom a hankali da ganewa na take hakki a cikin takardu. Wannan shawarar da aka] aukaka} ara, a gaban kotu, amma karshen tsayar da shi.

A lokacin rani na 2015 M. Gaidar aka nada mataimakin shugaban Odessa yankin gwamnati a kan shawarwarin na Mikhail Saakashvili, kuma daga baya ya ki Rasha dan kasa.

A mafi muhimmanci kimiyya ayyukansu

Yegor Gaidar, wanda biography yanzu, aka sani zuwa gare ku, babu shakka, sun taka rawa a cikin tarihin kasar mu. Its kima yana da yet ya ba mu zuriyarsu, amma shi ba zai iya detract daga isa yabo na wannan siyasa a matsayin masanin kimiyya, da dama daga cikin ra'ayoyin da aka tabbatar da bayan mutuwarsa.

Daga cikin mafi ban sha'awa kimiyya ayyukan Egora Gaydara iya lura:

• littafin "jihar da kuma juyin halitta", sadaukar da dangantaka tsakanin iko da dukiya da Rasha jihar.
• aiki "Anomalies na Ci Gaban Tattalin", wanda Ya aikata da Sanadin rushewar gurguzu tattalin arzikin.
• cikin labarin "A cikin garambawul na duniya kudi cibiyoyin" da sauransu.

A lokacin, musamman sha'awa shi ne aikin da "Fall na Empire", rubuta a 2006. Akwai Gaidar annabta da yiwuwar wani rikicin da zai taso saboda farashin man hawa da sauka.