Ƙirƙirar da kuma taƙaitacciyar labari ta Zambia Eugenia

Zamyatin Eugene Ivanovich (1884-1937), marubutan Rasha. Haife Janairu 20 , 1884 a Lipetsk yankin. Mahaifinsa yana da kariya kuma yana da babbar tasiri a kan ɗansa. A lokaci guda kuma, shi firist ne kuma ya koyar a makarantun gida. Uwargida, Maria Alexandrovna, mace ce mai ilimi da kuma basira. Tana sha'awar aikin wallafe-wallafen gargajiya, yana son yin wasa da piano. Eugene Zamyatin ya soma halaye masu yawa na mahaifiyarsa kuma ya bi tafarkinsa. Ya kuma yi tunani, kuma yana sha'awar irin abubuwan da mahaifiyarsa take. Hulɗa da mahaifinsa bai kasance mafi muni ba. Sun fahimci juna da rabi, kuma Zamyatin ta saurari shawarar mahaifinsa.

Tarihi na Zamyatin ya tabbatar da cewa marubucin ya kashe dukkan rayuwarsa akan cewa iyayensa sunyi alfahari da shi. Ya yi mafarki don kawo ra'ayinsa ga mutane, yana son ayyukansa za a karanta kuma suyi tunani.

Yara da matasa na Yevgeny Zamyatin

Da farko, Zamyatin ya shiga gidan wasan motsa jiki na Lebedyan, a wancan lokacin mahaifinsa ya koya masa. Bayan haka, yana da shekaru 9, an aika marubucin zuwa gidan wasan motsa jiki na Voronezh, wanda ya kammala karatun digiri tare da zinare a cikin 1902. Bayan ya yi karatu a gymnasium, ya tafi karatu a Cibiyar Harkokin Kimiyya a Faculty of Shipbuilding. Tare da horarwa a makarantar, ya shiga cikin yakin basasa. Cibiyar ta kanta ta kasance a St. Petersburg, amma a lokacin bazara, marubucin ya fara tafiya zuwa wasu birane. Da ya dawo sai Zamyatin ya yi magana da goyon baya ga Bolshevik kuma ya karfafa motsi na hagu. Saboda haka sai aka kama shi kuma ya shafe watanni masu yawa na rayuwarsa a cikin kurkuku. A wannan lokaci mai wuya ya koyar da wani harshe na waje (Turanci) kuma yayi kokarin rubuta waƙar. Zamyatin yana da lokaci mai yawa, kuma ya yanke shawarar yin amfani da shi da kyau. Bayan watanni biyu sai aka aika shi zuwa Lebedyan, amma Eugene ya dawo daga nan zuwa Petersburg. Bayan haka aka dawo da shi. A 1911 ya sauke karatu daga Cibiyar Zambia. Bayanan ɗan adam da tarihin rayuwarsa ya cancanci zama koyi game da shi ta zuriya.

Labarin farko na marubucin

Tarihin Zamyatin kanta yana da cikakken cikakken. Kowane lokaci a rayuwarsa ya kawo masa sabon abu. Yayin da Zambiya ya san labarinsa, Zambia ya sami kansa a cikin mujallar "Testaments" kuma ya buga labarinsa "Uyezdnoye". A cikin wannan labarin ya rubuta game da sauki, rayuwar yau da kullum da fushi Anfim Baryba ya yi wa duniya baki daya. Wannan samfurin ya zama abin mamaki a tsakanin masu karatu.

Zamyatin ya yi imanin cewa salon aikinsa yana kusa da kullun, amma duk da haka, duk da haka ya juya aikinsa cikin mummunar surrealism. Shekaru biyu bayan haka sai aka kira Zamyatin zuwa kotun don yaki da labarin yaki "A kan cake". Bayan wannan lamarin, mujallar, wadda aka saki aikinsa mai ban mamaki, "Uyezdnoye", an kama shi. Wani sananne mai suna Voronsky ya bayyana ra'ayinsa cewa, a cikin wannan ma'anar, wannan labarin shine irin sa'a na siyasa wanda ya kwatanta abubuwan da suka faru bayan shekara ta 1914.

Ayyukan Evgeny Zamyatin

Bayyana game da matsayi da dama na marubucin zai iya nazarinsa. Evgeni Zamyatin wani masanin injiniya ne. Ya yi tafiya mai yawa, yana tafiya zuwa Rasha daidai da shirin sabis. A shekara ta 1915 an rubuta labarin "Arewa", inda ya bayyana duk abinda yake cikin zuciyarsa ya bar tafiya zuwa Solovki. Tuni a shekara ta 1916 Zamyatin ya shiga aikin gine-gine na Rasha a Ingila. Wadannan su ne jiragen ruwa na Newcastle, Glasgow da Sunderland. Ya lura da dukan tsarin gina a London. Ya tuna da wannan lokacin na rayuwarsa, marubucin ya bayyana a cikin labarun "Islanders" da kuma "Catcher na Men." {Asar Ingila ta zama sabon abin mamaki ga marubucin ya sake tunani game da tunaninsa da matsayin rayuwarsa. Shirin ya shafi aikin marubucin, ayyukansa da rayuwa a gaba ɗaya.

Zamyatin ya girmama mutane da suka taimaka wajen bunkasa al'ummar zamani, amma wannan bai hana shi ba da hankali ga rashin gamsuwa da ginin gida na Yamma. A 1917, Zamyatin ya isa Petrograd. Tarihin ya ce ya zama daya daga cikin shahararren marubuta a wannan lokacin marubuta na wallafe-wallafen Rasha. Masu karatu suna godiya da ayyukansa, masu sukar sun amsa musu da kyau.

Musamman dangantaka ta kusa da wallafe-wallafen kungiyar "Serapion Brothers" ya Zamyatin. Taqaitaccen Tarihin marubucin ya bayyana abin da ya fara rike laccoci a Polytechnic Institute, da ya yi magana game da labarai na Rasha adabi a Cibiyar. Herzen da kuma na tsunduma a cikin ci gaban matasa a dama sauran jami'o'i. Duk da cewa ya kasance tare da dalibai, Zamyatin bai yi imani da cewa ya iya aiwatar da wani babban kasuwa, ba su gani da yiwuwar wani m hali. Saboda duk abin da ke kewaye da shi, ya kasance kamar Zamyatinu maras hankali, mutane saboda shi ya daina kasancewa mutane.

A cikin labarun "Mamai" da "Cave" marubucin ya bayyana ra'ayi game da kwaminisanci. Wannan ra'ayi a gare shi ya kasance daidai da tsarin juyin halitta na ci gaba da ɗan adam, yunkuri na mutumin kogo ya zama mafi girma. Wannan shine abin da Zamyatin ya yi tunani. Har ila yau, tarihin ya tabbatar da wannan imani.

Babbar ra'ayin Proletcult ta utopia a idon Zamyatin

Yevgeny Zamyatin ya yi imanin cewa wajibi ne a bayyana wa mutane cewa duk canje-canje a cikin zamani na zamani sune kan halakar dabi'un dabi'un mutum. Kan bango da irin wannan ra'ayi bayar a Amurka, labari "Mun" a 1920, Zamyatin. Rayuwarsa da kuma kirkirarta ta taso sha'awa a yamma. Saboda gaskiyar cewa aikin ya rubuta a cikin harshen Rashanci, marubucin ya aike shi zuwa kamfanin Berlin buga kayan aikin Grzhebina don cikakkiyar fassararsa cikin Turanci. An fassara wannan labari ta hanyar fassara, bayan haka aka bayyana a New York. Kodayake ba a wallafa littafin ba a cikin Harkokin Harkokin {asashen Wajen Amirka, wa] anda suka yi musun ra'ayoyin sun yi mummunar damuwa da shi.

A shekarun 1920

A cikin shekarun 1920, an ambaci tarihin Zamyatin ta hanyar saki sabon ayyukan. Ya yi aiki tukuru a wannan lokaci. Ya rubuta wasu wasan kwaikwayo: "The Society of Honor Bearing Ringers", "Atilla", "Flea". Har ila yau, ba a gamsu da waɗannan ayyukan ba, kamar yadda wani malamin bai fahimci tunaninsa na rayuwa a Tarayyar Soviet ba.

Harafi zuwa Stalin

A 1931, Zamyatin ya gane cewa ba shi da wani abu da zai yi a Amurka, kuma ya tafi Stalin don ya aika wasikarsa. Harafin da ake kira akan yiwuwar motsawa waje. Ya jãyayya da marubuci ne da cewa mafi mũnin azaba da za su iya kawai zama ga marubucin - a haramta yi. Ya yi la'akari da tafiyarsa sosai. Koda yake duk sababbin rikice-rikicen da ya yi, yana jin daɗin mahaifarsa kuma ya kasance dan kasa a zuciyarsa. Don haka, ya halicci labarin "Rus", da aka buga a 1923. Wannan wata hujja ce ta ƙauna ga mahaifiyar da kuma bayani game da ra'ayin mutum mai girma kamar Eugene Zamyatin. Tarihin rahotanni na takaice cewa a shekarar 1932 marubucin da taimakon Gorky ya ci gaba ya tafi ya tafi Faransa.

Rayuwa a birnin Paris

Lokacin da Zamyatin ya isa Paris, ya zauna a can, yana da 'yan asalin Soviet. Ya kasance cikin furofaganda na wallafe-wallafe na Rasha, cinema, wasan kwaikwayo a waje. Babban labarin da Zamyatin ya rubuta a kasashen waje shine "The Scourge of God." Wannan shine aikin karshe na mahaliccin. Ya rubuta shi a Paris a shekarar 1938. Da wuya Zamyatin ya dace da rayuwa a wata ƙasa, marubuci ya razana sosai a gida, kuma duk tunaninsa ya mayar da hankali ga abubuwan baƙo, ba a kan kerawa ba. Duk labarun da ya rubuta, ya yi ƙoƙari ya ba wa Russia, saboda ba ya so ya buga wani abu a waje. Ba cikakkiyar hanyarsa bane. Ya lura da abin da ke faruwa a cikin layi a Rasha. Sai bayan shekaru da yawa a cikin mahaifarsa ya fara bi da shi daban. Mutane sun san abin da marubucin suka rasa.

Shekaru na karshe na Yevgeny Zamyatin

Tarihin Zamyatin yana da rikicewa da rashin tabbas. Babu wanda ya san cewa a ƙarshe duk abin da zai fito ga marubucin wannan hanyar. A watan Mayun 1934, an shigar da Zamyatin zuwa ga 'Yan Jarida, duk da haka, ya riga ya kasance a cikin rashi. Kuma a shekara ta 1935 ya yi aiki sosai a cikin Majalisa ta Anti-Fascist akan kare al'adun, tare da wakilan Soviet.

Mutuwar Evgeny Ivanovich Zambia

Marubucin ya mutu a ranar Maris 10, 1937. An binne shi a unguwannin Paris, a cikin hurumi a Thia. Bayan wadannan shekarun da suka dade sun zama sananne lokacin da Zamyatin Evgeny Ivanovich ya mutu. Tarihinsa ya tabbatar da cewa bayan rasuwar marubuci mai girma ya yi godiya ga ayyukansa. Zai yi alfaharin cewa kokarinsa ba a banza ba ne, kuma rubuce-rubucen rubuce-rubucen sun shiga tarihin duniya da labarun gida. Daga karshe ya zama sananne. Abin takaici, marubucin kansa bai rayu don ganin ranar da masu sauraron suka karbi da fahimtar ayyukansa ba.