A abun da ke ciki na Rasha Caspian Flotilla

Wakili na tsaro na Rasha da kuma tilasta biyan bukatunsu a yankin na Caspian Sea ne Caspian Flotilla. A abun da ke ciki na wannan ƙungiya daga Navy ne kullum updated. Wannan shi ne babbar hanyar yaki da damar da jiragen ruwa da kuma ta yarda da zamani nagartacce. A Caspian Flotilla, kazalika da summary na tarihi zai zama batun binciken mu.

Rasha Caspian Sea

Domin fahimtar yadda za a gina da Caspian Flotilla, kana bukatar ka shiga cikin da tarihi.

Kakanninmu bayyana a cikin Caspian Sea (sai ya kira Khvalynsky) a zamanin Tsohon Rasha jihar. Sa'an nan Ruses sanya shahara Caspian tafiye-tafiye, wanda suka amince da su da tasiri a cikin yankin da kuma kawo kyau samun kudin shiga daga kama birnin. Known yin yawo 910, 914, 987 da kuma 1030-1032 shekaru. Amma ya fi shahara shi ne yaƙin neman zaɓe na shekara 943, a lokacin da aka kama birnin Berdaa. Akwai shaida da yakin da kuma a 1174 riga a kan raguwar Kievan Rus, amma mafi yawansu ba ta gaskiya ana tambayar su.

Amma sai Rasha rushe, ya fara wani lokaci da nauyi Mongol-Tatar karkiya. Sabunta gwagwarmaya a Caspian Sea Rasha jihar iya kawai bayan da daidaituwa da ƙasashe kewaye da Moscow. A 1466 ta hanyar wannan teku ya sanya ya shahara tafiya zuwa India Athanasius Nikitin.

Lalle ne shugabanni suka fara yin tunãni a kan halittar jiragen ruwa a teku cewa bayan ci daga cikin Khanate na Astrakhan Ivanom Groznym, don haka da cewa Rasha iko ya fita a kan Caspian tudu.

A farko yunkurin haifar da rundunar

A farko ƙoƙari don ƙirƙirar wani Caspian jiragen ruwa da aka yi ne kawai a 1634. Kafin wannan, domin Rasha Caspian Border States kamata yafi Cossacks. Wannan ke nan a lõkacin da wakilan daya daga cikin kananan Jamus jihohin miƙa Rasha Tsar gina jiragen ruwa don flights fadin Caspian Sea zuwa Farisa. A Caspian Flotilla ya zuwa da 10 jiragen ruwa. Yana da aka gina daya kawai jirgin - "Frederick", kuma ya zarar gudu aground. Daga gina wasu jiragen ruwa ƙiya.

A 1668 na farko Rasha sailing jirgin "Eagle", jirgin ruwa, jirgin ruwa mai filafili, da kuma ƙananan jirage biyu da aka gina. Tun da ba su da su fara samar da Caspian Flotilla. A abun da ke ciki na rundunar da aka gaba daya ƙone a lokacin wani bore Stepana Razina Astrakhan a 1670.

Halittar Caspian Flotilla karkashin Bitrus I

Karkashin Bitrus I, Rasha jihar da yawa ƙarfafa, suka jũya zuwa daular da kuma fara nuna da yunkurin waje fadada, ciki har da a Caspian shugabanci. A wannan yankin, babban abokin hamayyar na Rasha yayi Farisa. Saboda haka, a kan Caspian Sea, da tambaya da gine na ta rundunar jiragen zama fiye da kullum da cewa muhimmanci.

A 1704 aka kafa shi admiralty da jirgin yi fara a Kazan. Ship na Caspian Flotilla da Lastovo akwai 45 jiragen ruwa da kuma 200 jiragen su kewaya kõguna.

Bisa ga umurnin Bitrus I, karshe Caspian Flotilla aka kafa a watan Satumba 1722. Ta ya samu nasarar shiga cikin Rasha-Persian yaki na 1722-1723 shekaru. By karshen wannan yakin, da Caspian Flotilla kunshi 80 manyan jirãge.

Kara ci gaba da na jiragen ruwa

Tun daga nan kidaya tarihin Caspian Flotilla. An ci gaba da raya da kuma inganta.

A 1781 ya aka aika zuwa yankin Gulf Astrabad domin yaki da Farisa Caspian Flotilla. A abun da ke ciki, daga jirgi ya da wadannan: 20 frigates da cannons, ƙananan jirage biyu da daya bam-jirgin. A flotilla aka rayayye da hannu a cikin baya wars da Farisa, misali, a 1813. Bisa ga yarjejeniya kammala da sakamakon da yaki, da Rasha, Empire shi ne kawai jihar da cewa yana da hakkin ya ci gaba da kansa rundunar Caspian.

A 1818 da Caspian Flotilla bayansa tare da sabon Rasha kotu. Sun fara jerin uku-masted corvettes, kowanne daga abin da aka sanye take da goma sha shida bindigogi. Mafi shahara jirgin na wannan jerin - "Kazan".

A 1867, da Caspian jiragen ruwa da aka ƙaura daga Astrakhan zuwa kudu na birnin Baku.

A ko'ina cikin XIX karni na jiragen ruwa na Caspian flotilla Rasha ya canza, amma waɗannan kwanoni da aka tsĩrar a wannan lokaci:

• 16 corvettes sanye take da bindigogi.
• Luger 4;
• 13 schooners.
• 3 harin bom na jirgin.
• 22 steamer.
• 2 m.
• 18 brigs.
• 26 kai tasoshin.

Bugu da kari, suka kafa da kuma yin iyo wuraren karami.

A farkon XX karni, wajen tunani da kuma jiki quite m Caspian Flotilla. A abun da ke ciki, daga jirgi ya kamar haka: 4 steamers, gunboats 2, 3 iyo hasumiya mai fitila, daya sailing teku baji da baji 2. Domin rage tabbatarwa backlog na yuwuwar makiya, tare da abin da zai iya zama Great Britain ko Jamus, a 1910 musamman domin rundunar motoci gina biyu gunboats - "Ardahan" da "Kars".

A lokacin yakin duniya na, da Caspian rundunar dauki wani aiki sashi a tashin kan maƙiyansa.

Yawan rundunar motoci a lokacin yakin basasa

A lokacin yakin basasa, da Caspian flotilla asali shi ne wani ɓangare daga cikin sojojin na White motsi. A shekara ta 1919, jirãge katange bakin Volga, don haka kamar yadda ba ya ba da agaji ta Red Army a shiga Caspian Sea. Navy sun jimre quite da kyau tare da wannan aiki, yin Caspian Sea rufe da "ja" ruwa sarari.

Fada da Caspian Flotilla a wannan lokaci kunshi 7 gunboats, Cruisers, 9, da kuma 10 seaplanes.

Amma a 1920, da Red Army gudanar ya zauna da babban tashoshin jiragen ruwa jiragen ruwa - Krasnovodsk da Sasha. Saboda haka, rundunar jiragen da aka canjawa wuri zuwa Baku. A karshen, na shi aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga gwamnatin na Azerbaijan, wasu suka tafi a kan ga Red Army, da kuma sauran jiragen sun interned da United Kingdom, sa'an nan Ya mayar da Soviet Rasha.

A Soviet lokaci

A shekarar 1931, da Caspian Flotilla an halitta ta Tarayyar Soviet. Ta aiki da aka kawar da barazana ga tarayyar Soviet daga kudu. A abun da ke ciki na Caspian Flotilla aka kafa daga jam'iyya jamhuriyoyin jiragen ruwa. A musamman, shi hada da aka ambata a baya gunboats "Ardahan" da "Kars", wanda, kasancewa saura daga cikin rundunar motoci na White Army, shiga cikin rundunar Azerbaijan. Kawai a yanzu, wadannan jiragen ruwa da sabon sunayen - "Trotsky" da "Lenin".

A lokacin yakin duniya na II, da Caspian Flotilla dauki bangare a cikin saukowa a Iran. Da zarar shi sarrafawa a yawan tashar jiragen ruwa garuruwan Iran, ya jagoranci nawa aikin, samar da kayayyaki daga Amurka Ka taimaka-Lease, ya halarci yakin Stalingrad. Bayan da yaki, ta isa yabo da aka bayar da Order of Red Banner.

Bayan da yaki, har da rushewar Tarayyar Soviet, da Caspian Flotilla ya ba da muhimmanci musamman dabarun naúrar, amma amma duk da haka ya wakilci wani tabbatar da dorewar factor a cikin yankin. Bugu da kari, akwai aka za'ayi gwaje-gwaje na sabon iri makamai.

Caspian flotilla na Rasha Federation

Bayan da Tarayyar Soviet ta tafi har abada, akwai wata tambaya game da abin da ya yi tare da dukan-ƙungiyar na Caspian Flotilla. Yana da aka raba tsakanin tsohon jamhuriyoyin, da ciwon damar zuwa Caspian Sea: Rasha Federation. Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan da Turkmenistan. A Rasha ɓangare na jiragen ruwa da aka canjawa wuri daga Baku zuwa Astrakhan da Makhachkala. Yana Astrakhan ya zama tsakiyar aya daga cikin abubuwan tayin da sabon jiragen ruwa.

Idan baya da Caspian Sea aka kusan rufe, fãce kudancin Iran mãkirci, shi ne a yanzu, a yankin, a rundunar kasashen, wanda ke nufin cewa ayyuka kafa kafin rundunar motoci, an wahala.

Material abun da ke ciki na Caspian rundunar motoci ne a hankali sabunta. Musamman m gyara tsari da aka gudanar a karo na biyu shekaru goma na XXI karni.

A 2010, da Caspian Flotilla karkashin sabon rabo na Rasha soja gundumar aka hada a Kudancin District.

A cikin kaka na shekarar 2015 da rundunar jiragen halarci farko soja aiki na da yawa shekarun da suka gabata. Shi ne wani aiki a Siriya da "Musulunci jihar." Mukamai da 'yan ta'adda da aka kawai mamakin da Navy makami mai linzami.

rundunar sabuntawa

Kazalika sabunta Caspian flotilla na Rasha Federation? A abun da ke ciki na rundunar da aka rayayye a bayansa da jiragen ruwa.

A shekarar 2011, a kananan manyan bindigogi jirgin "Volgodonsk" da aka kunshe a cikin jiragen ruwa. Bayan shekaru biyu da muka kara da cewa wani karamin makami mai linzami jiragen ruwa "Grad Sviyazhsk" da "Uglich". Sa ran za a remitted a 2012 a cikin Caspian rundunar sintiri jirgin "Dagestan" aka lalace kuma canjawa wuri daga baya. Yanzu ya ne a zubar da cikin jiragen ruwa da kuma ya shirya don yin ayyuka.

A 2014, wani flotilla shiga jerin kananan harsashi jiragen ruwa "Buyan". Da farko an shirya gabatar da kara yawan jiragen ruwa, amma saboda da takunkumi na kasashen turai, wasu kayan da aka gyara da ake bukata don gina jiragen ruwa, ba zai iya saya, haka lokaci na ƙarshe na yi fatattaki zuwa kwanan baya.

Sabunta na Caspian Flotilla jiragen ruwa a 2010s ya wuce, a general, nasarar. A lokacin, da jiragen ruwa kunshi fiye da 85% na sabon tasoshin. Wannan ya nuna cewa ta kõma da muhimmanci da kuma na zamani nagartacce.

A zamani na Caspian flotilla

Bari mu dauki wani cikakken look at wasu daga cikin jiragen ruwa kõma Caspian Flotilla Rasha. A abun da ke ciki na ta gabatar a kasa.

Rundunar motoci a Caspian Sea kunshi biyu sintiri jiragen ruwa, da takwas kananan warships, fama jiragen shida, takwas saukowa craft da bakwai minesweepers. Total 31 raka'a mai ruwa-ruwa art.

jirgin ruwa mai filafilai

Caspian flotilla aka hada biyu sintiri jiragen - "Tatarstan" da "Dagestan". Dukansu biyu suna sanya a Zelenodolsk shuka. Kawai ranar commissioning na farko daga gare su - a 2003, da kuma na biyu - a 2012.

Bugu da kari, cikin jirgin "Tatarstan", shine kan gaba daga cikin dukan Caspian Flotilla.

kananan warships

Caspian jiragen ruwa a cikin abun da ke ciki na da 8 raka'a kananan warships. Babbansu - makami mai linzami jirgin ruwan P-101 "Stupinets" 1985 release. Sa'an nan, domin na yawan shekaru ya zama kananan manyan bindigogi jirgin Mak-160 1988 model shekara.

A karkashin "Hellraiser" da aka saki kananan manyan bindigogi jirgin "Astrakhan", "Volgodonsk" da kuma sabuwar da su - "Makhachkala". A jiragen sun samu izini bi da bi a 2006, 2011 da 2012 ..

A 2014, a cikin tsarin na aikin "Buyan-M" da aka sa a cikin aiki kananan harsashi jiragen ruwa "Great Ustyug" "Uglich" da "Grad Sviyazhsk".

Martial jiragen

A halin yanzu, da Caspian flotilla yana shida fama jiragen. Hudu daga cikinsu akwai mai haihuwa. Wannan gunboat na "ma'aikacin kotu": AK-223 (1969 YG), AK-248 (1971 YG), AK-201 (1972 YG), AK-209 (1972 YG). Sabo-sabo ne gunboat AK-326, da aka sa a cikin aiki, a 1989.

Da sabuwar jirgin, daga jirgi da wannan aji - anti-shagala jirgin ruwan U-351. Ya aka kaddamar a 2013.

hadari jirgin ruwan

A dashi na Caspian jiragen ruwa yana da takwas saukowa craft. Ga ake wakilta kawai a gwada sabon model. Wannan irin tasoshin da dangantaka saukowa jirgin ruwan "Akula" Project D-185 (2000 na saki) da kuma saukowa craft aikin "Dugong" D-105 "Ataman Platov" (2009 saki).

Da kansa akwai jerin saukowa craft, "Serna". Yana hada D-156 (1999 na saki), D-131 (2002 na saki), D-172 (2005 na saki), D-56 (2008 saki), D-809 (2013 al'amurran da suka shafi) da kuma D-810 (2013 na saki).

minesweepers

Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na Caspian flotilla ne guda bakwai minesweepers. Su main aiki - a sami, kuma ya halaka mahakar. An sabunta motocin na irin wannan ya faru baya a cikin m 1997. Ba kalla saboda gaskiyar cewa a halin yanzu mine sani a kan Caspian Sea ba. Duk da haka, a cikin dogon lokaci, kuma waɗannan kwanoni dole ne a maye gurbinsu da more zamani, saboda wani abu zai iya faruwa, da kuma a cikin wannan hali, irin wannan aminci net iya zama da amfani sosai.

A abun da ke ciki ya hada da flotilla hari masunta PT-59 (shekarar 1979). RT-181 (1980.) RT-71 (1981). RT-233 (1994)., PT-234 (1996, a.), kazalika da jihar bakin teku minesweepers BT-244 "Herman Ugriumov" (1988.) da BT-116 "Magomed Gadzhiev" (1997.).

Janar halaye na Caspian jiragen ruwa

Kamar yadda za a iya gani daga} ididdigar, a halin yanzu da Rasha Federation Caspian jiragen ruwa da aka staffed da kyau isa. 85% na shi kunshi zamani jiragen ruwa da suke shirye su shirya ayyuka. A nan gaba shi ne ya shirya ga mutum up mafi yawan sabon model, daga jirgi da jirage.

Ikon da Caspian jiragen ruwa ne da isasshen lamuni na Rasha da tsaron kan iyaka a kan wani ɓangare na Caspian Sea daga waje mamayewa, kazalika da wani lamuni na kwanciyar hankali da ake ciki a Caspian yankin. Haka kuma, jiragen ruwan yaki ne iya warware ko da waje kalubale, kamar yadda ya kasance a aiki a Syria.

A general, jihar na Caspian Flotilla ne karfafa da yake ba mu fatan cewa a nan gaba za kawai ƙara da sabon zamani raka'a sojan ruwa kayan aiki.