A Austria tattalin arziki Friedrich Hayek: A Biography, ayyukan, imani da kuma littattafan

Friedrich Agusta von Hayek - shi ne wani Austria da kuma Birtaniya tattalin arziki da kuma Falsafa. Ya kare da bukatu na gargajiya liberalism. A 1974 ya karbi Nobel Prize for kamar wata da Gunnar Mirdelom for "soma aiki da ka'idar kudi da kuma ... mai zurfi da bincike na da karin dogaro da juna a fannin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da kuma hukumomi mamaki." Hayek kira wani wakilin kasar Austria da kuma Chicago makarantu. Ya main nasara - shi ne tattalin arziki da lissafi matsala, catallactics ka'idar warwatse ilimi, da farashin sigina, maras wata-wata oda, Hayek model, Hebb.

janar bayanai

Friedrich Hayek ya da wani gagarumin zaman sharhi da siyasa Falsafa na XX karni. Ya kallo game da yadda za a canja farashin sakonni da mutane muhimmanci bayanai da taimaka musu don su yi hadin tsare-tsaren, ya na da muhimmanci nasara a cikin tattalin arzikin kasar. Hayek halarci yakin duniya na farko, da kuma ya sha bayyana cewa wannan kwarewa da ya halitta a cikin shi wata marmarin in zama masanin kimiyya da kuma taimakawa mutane kauce wa kura-kuran da ya kai ga amfani da makamai rikici. A lokacin rayuwarsa, ya sau da yawa canza wurin zama. Friedrich Hayek yi aiki a Austria, da Birtaniya, Amurka da kuma Jamus. Ya kasance wani farfesa a London School of Economics, Chicago da kuma Jami'ar Friborg. A 1939, Hayek aka sanya Burtaniya dan kasa. A shekarar 1984 ya zama memba na Order of Knights na karimci, kuma na farko da mai karɓa daga cikin Hans Martin Schleyer Prize. Cikin labarin "The amfani da ilimi a cikin al'umma" da aka hada a saman ashirin, da aka buga a mujallar The American tattalin arziki Review ga na farko shekaru 100 da wanzuwarsa.

biography

Friedrich Hayek aka haife shi a Vienna. Mahaifinsa likita da kuma ziyartar Farfesa na o a gida jami'a. Hayek mahaifiyar aka haife shi a wani arziki iyali na gonaki. Bayan Frederick, ma'auratan da biyu sauran yaro (1.5 da 5 shekaru matasa, fiye da shi). Dukansu Hayek kakan sun malamai. Ya na biyu dan uwan a kan masu juna biyu gefen shi a bafalsafe Ludwig Vittgenstayn. Duk wannan ƙwarai rinjayi zabi na yankunan ban sha'awa na gaba masanin kimiyya. A 1917, Friedrich Hayek shiga cikin manyan bindigogi rajimanti a Austro-Hungarian sojojin a kan Italian gaban. Ya aka bayar ga ƙarfin zuciya a lokacin yaki.

A 1921 da kuma 1923 ya kare PhD a Dokar da Kimiyyar Siyasa. A shekarar 1931 ya fara aiki a London School of Economics. Ya sauri ya zama shahararren. Kuma game da Hayek yi magana game da matsayin babban theorists a cikin tattalin arzikin duniya. Bayan Jamus ya karkashin Nazi mulki, ya yanke shawarar ya dauki Burtaniya dan kasa. A 1950-1962 shekaru ya zauna a {asar Amirka. Bayan haka, ya koma Jamus. Duk da haka, Hayek zauna a Burtaniya batu kafin karshen rayuwarsa. A shekara ta 1974 ya lashe kyautar Nobel. Wannan taron ya kawo shi ko da more rare. A lokacin bikin, ya gana da Rasha DiSSiDENT Aleksandrom Solzhenitsynym. Sa'an nan ya aika da shi a translation da ya fi shahara aiki, "The Road to Serfdom."

Personal rai

A watan Agusta 1926, Friedrich Hayek aure Helen Berte Marii von Fritsch. Suka sadu da a wurin aiki. The biyu 'ya'ya biyu, amma suka karya up a 1950. Makonni biyu bayan kisan aure Hayek aure Helen Bitterlich a Arkansas, inda za a iya yi.

Friedrich Hayek: Littafi

The University of Chicago na shirin kwato wani tarin ayyukan da masanin kimiyyar, wanda ya yi aiki for quite lokaci mai tsawo a nan. A jerin 19 kundin zai dauke da sabon juyi na littattafai, marubucin hirarraki, articles, haruffa da kuma Unpublished zayyana. Hayek da ya fi shahara da ayyuka sun hada da:

• "Harkar Kuɗi Theory da kuma cinikayya da'ira" 1929.
• "Prices da kuma samar da" 1931.
• "Income, sha'awa da kuma zuba jari da kuma sauran makala a kan ka'idar masana'antu da hawa da sauka," 1939.
• "The Road to Serfdom," 1944.
• "Individualism da kuma tattalin arziki domin," 1948.
• "Transfer na akida da 'yanci", 1951.
• "The counter-juyin juya halin a kimiyya: nazarin da zagi hankali", 1952.
• "Tsarin mulki na Liberty," 1960.
• "Fatal zato: kura-kuran da gurguzanci", 1988.

Friedrich Hayek, "The Road to Serfdom"

Shi ne mafi shahara aiki na Austria tattalin arziki da kuma Falsafa. Ya rubuta shi a 1940-1943 bi da bi. A da shi, ya yayi kashedin da hatsarori da zãlunci da ƙẽtare, wanda dole kawo karshen gwamnatin iko a kan shawarar da tsakiyar shiryawa yanke shawara. Friedrich von Hayek bayar da hujjar cewa kin amincewa da individualism da kuma ra'ayoyin na gargajiya liberalism babu makawa take kaiwa zuwa da asarar da 'yanci, halittar wani m jama'a, da mulkin kama karya da kuma "bautar" na mutane. Ya kamata a lura da cewa kalamai na masanin kimiyyar gudu counter ga kimiyya ayyukan wanzu a lokacin ra'ayoyi cewa farkisanci (National gurguzanci) ya jari hujja martani ga ci gaban gurguzanci. Hayek nuna da na kowa tushen da tsari biyu. fiye da miliyan biyu da kofe na "The Road to Serfdom," An sayar tun ɗaba'ar. The aikin Fridriha Hayeka ya na da wani tasiri a kan tattalin arziki da siyasa lãbãri a XX karni. Ta quote a yau.

Taimako da kuma LURA

Hayek ta aiki ya na da wani tasiri a kan ci gaban tattalin arziki da tunani. Da ra'ayoyin ne na biyu lissafi (bayan Kenneth Kibiya) a cikin laccoci na Nobel yabon. Vernon Smith da Herbert Saminu da ake kira da ya fi shahara zamani tattalin arziki. Yana Hayek na farko ya gabatar da wani boko girma a cikin kasuwar ma'auni. Ya yi wani gagarumin tasiri a kan ci gaban girma ka'idar, bayanai da tattalin arziki da kuma manufar maras wata-wata oda.

Legacy da kuma karrama

Ko bayan mutuwa, Hayek ya kasance daya daga yau shahararren tattalin arziki. Ya views bai zama wanda aka rabu amfani. Mai suna a cikin girmamawa:

• Student Society a London School of Economics. Yana da aka halitta a shekarar 1996.
• Society a Oxford. Halitta a shekarar 1983.
• The masu sauraro a Cato Cibiyar. A cikin 'yan shekaru, Hayek aka bayar da lakabi na girmama babban jami'in harkokin bincike na American bincike kungiyar.
• The masu sauraro, a Jami'ar Francisco Marroquin a Guatemala.
• Foundation for masana kimiyya na Cibiyar Nazarin jin kai. Yanã bãyar da postgraduate lambar yabo da kuma matasa masu bincike.
• Shekara-shekara Lecture a Ludwig von Mises Cibiyar. Ta masana kimiyya magana game da Hayek ta bayar da gudunmawar kimiyya.
• Award a George Mason University rubuta tattalin arziki makala.