A babban birnin kasar na Bashkortostan. Ufa, Bashkortostan

Ufa - babban birnin kasar Bashkortostan - mafi girma kimiyya, al'adu da kuma masana'antu cibiyar na Kudancin Urals. Saboda himma Ufimtsev, birnin yana daya daga cikin mafi dadi a Rasha zauna. Broad hanyoyin, kore titi, wani jitu hade da tsohon bariki da kuma na zamani kadarori samar da wani tabbatacce image na birnin.

protohistory

Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na Muscovy Ufa - kamar kufaifan - aka kafa a 1574. Duk da haka, bisa ga tono na tsohon birnin na Ufa-II, da Bashkir babban birnin kasar na akalla 1,500 shekaru. A kan ƙasa da na da birni samu shaidar wani aiki da zamantakewa da rayuwa: zinariya guraben ga kayan ado, da baƙin ƙarfe ingots da burbushi na aiki, tukwane. Saboda haka Birnin yana da faɗi da kuma iko. Kamar yadda masu bincike, da mazauna Ufa-II - ba cewa wasu, a matsayin tsoho babban birnin kasar na Bashkirs, almara birnin Iman Kala (Oak Town), wanda kuma ya rubuta Larabawa tarihi Idrisi, XII karni.

Modern Ufa (Bashkortostan) ne ya sauko daga Kremlin, wanda aka gina da oda na Ivana Groznogo a ƙasar Bashkortostan. Bayan kama Kazan, da karaya, sarki yana tunanin a lokaci guda gama ƙasa alaka da Tatars Bashkirs, amma da sojojin da aka ma gajiya. Sai uban Moscow miƙa zuwa gida mutane zuwa aikin shiga fledgling karfi jihar, wanda ya zama ainihin Rasha ta nan gaba.

Daga cikin kagara, zuwa ga birnin

Garu City aka located a gindin tudun (a kudancin Pervomayskaya Square), inda wani abin tunawa da aka gina Friendship. Daga farkon ya dauki tsohon titunan birnin: Yawancin Kazan (na farko, ta shekaru 400), Siberian (Mingazheva) Posadskaya Iliya, Frolov, Usolye, Budanov, Sergius da Moscow.

A matsayi na birni Ufa (Bashkiria) ta samu a 1582. A hankali, a kananan sansanin soja canza kama zuwa wata tsakiyar shiri na Bashkir mutane. Ga akwai ma'aikatar magajin gari - kai hukumar mulki a 1772 ya canza kama zuwa wani majistare. 30 Bayan shekaru, a cikin 1802, da mazauna zama wani gari na lardin.

Ufa XVII-XVIII ƙarni

A babban birnin kasar na Bashkortostan a cikin wannan lokacin da aka hankula kananan lardin iyakar garin kagara. Yana kunshi:

• kurkuku.
• tenements.
• kewayen birni ƙauyuka.

Babban aikin da aka kare daga birnin na kudu maso iyaka da fadada Rasha jihar. A tsakiyar Ufa ya da kagara, kewaye da wani bango, bayan da, a cikin hali na abokan gaba barazana, zai sami tsari mazauna sauran birnin.

A farko, da townspeople sun kasance game da mutane 300, jimlar yawan gidaje - kasa da 200. XVII karni da aiki jama'ar na sulhu ne muhimmi: tare da sojojin na jimlar yawan mazauna wuce goma sha biyar da ɗari. Bayan soja, 'yan asalin tsunduma a aikin noma: dabba husbandry, apiculture, noma, namo hatsi. Daga cikin crafts wadãta tannery da maƙeri crafts (maƙeri located a kan bankunan na tashin hankali).

Bisa ga takardunku, Ufa da ƙarshen XVIII karni ya girma zuwa 1058 yadudduka, akwai rayu 2389 mazaunan, ko da yake, a cewar wasu masana tarihi, wannan lokaci fiye da mutane 3,000 sun kasance a Ufa. Mafi yawa daga cikin 'yan ƙasa mallakar commoner, Filistiyawa. Da yawa kasa ya kasance cikin soja, 'yan kasuwa da kuma manya.

A dukan cibiyar sadarwa na titunan da tarihi cibiyar na Ufa kafa mafi girma a gwani a fagen Rasha birane shiryawa m William Hastie, wanda gayyata ta musamman daga St. Petersburg. Ya zo domin ya Ufa a 1819.

gani

Tun daga nan, amfani zauna kadan. M gobara halakar da katako, gine-gine da na dutse gina musamman kananan. Kawai 'yan gine-gine da Monuments na tsufa alfahari Ufa. Bashkortostan - mahaifar makiyaya, kada ci gaba da abu da kuma ruhaniya al'adu.

Daya daga cikin kiyaye samfurori na katako gine - Church na Ceto (Dates baya ga XIX karni) a kan titi Mingazheva. A lokacin Soviet lokaci shi housed a cinema "Yondoz" Yanzu wannan gini sake zama wani coci.

Station tsaye a waje daga cikin dutse gine-gine na pre-neman sauyi zamanin shuka "Ufa". Bashkiria a 1888 aka garwaya da iyaye dogo. Da farko, da reshe na Samara-Ufa Railway aka gina. Tun 1890 da tashar gini ya ke da iko ƙarƙashin Samara-Zlatousovskoy, 1949 - Ufa railway. Tun 2003, wani zamani sunan da matsayi. A halin yanzu, da tashar jirgin hadaddun "Ufa" shigarsu babbar gyara.

Har ila yau, kiyaye su a cikin Ufa:

• House yakin gwamnan (XIX karni). Yanzu a cikin wannan gini yana da Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Belarus.
• Gine-gine abin tunawa ne kuma ginin na Manzon Allah Sallallahu Majalisar (gina a 1852). Ya aka mika Ufa Academy of Arts.
• Lardin ginin cibiyoyin (1839). Yanzu wannan jini banki.
• Sauran abubuwan jan hankali.

Cikin tsofaffin gini ne dauke su kusurwa-storey gidan gornozavodchikov Demidov (a kan Oktoba juyin juya halin-Street 57). House gina a tsakiyar XVIII karni. Bayan mutuwar da mai shi, Ivan Demidov, a 1823 da gidan da aka saya da Ufa m FS Safronov. A gidan ne sanannen da cewa a cikin Nuwamba 1774 ya tsaya kwamandan A. V. Suvorov.

demography

A babban birnin kasar na Bashkortostan ne a saman Rasha miliyoniya birane, shan yawan mazaunan 11 wuri. A farkon shekarar 2015 da yawan mazaunin yawan jama'a, bisa ga na farko kimomi, amounted zuwa 1.1 mutane miliyan. Yana Ya ƙãra a kwatanta da farkon na shekara ta 2008, kusan 70 000 mutane. Janar alƙaluma da halin da ake ciki a shekara ta 2007 ne halin da karuwa a haihuwa, raguwa a mace-mace da kuma, kamar yadda wani sakamako, da na halitta yawan girma. A karo na farko tun 1993, Ufa - kadai birni-miliyan jama'ar na Rasha Federation, inda akwai wata halitta karuwa a 2008.

Symbolism da kuma gwamnati

Administratively, da Bashkortostan - jamhuriyar. Ufa ne babban birnin kasar na Ural yankin. 6.09.2007 a wani taro na birnin majalisa wakilai, amince flag daga cikin birnin. Wannan sifa ne da bambanci da gashi na makamai a Bashkir babban birnin kasar ya bayyana a karon farko a tarihin birnin. The gashi na makamai kuma ya bayyana da farko kamar yadda farkon a matsayin tsakiyar XVII karni da kuma ya halartar gagarumin canje-canje. A sabon gashi na makamai da aka amince da rajista da 12.10.2006 Heraldic Council. Kuma alama, da kuma tutar suna salo tafiya a kan kore filin marten.

A farko magajin garin Ufa ya Mihail Alekseevich Zaytsev. A wannan wuri, ya aka canjawa wuri daga mukaminsa a matsayin shugaban Ufa City Majalisar Maris 19, 1992. A 1995 M. A. Zaytsev an zabe na farko shugaban majalisar jihar - Kurultai - na Jamhuriyar Bashkortostan. Shi ne mai girmamawa jama'a na birnin Ufa. Yau (2015) shi ne shugaban Ufa GO II Yalalov.

Bashkortostan yankunan suna subdivided cikin gundumomi. Bi da bi, Ufa ne zuwa kashi bakwai gundumomi da kuma 45 karkara ƙauyuka, ga wanda ke qarqashinsu. Birnin yana da 1237 tituna. Su duka tsawon dangane driveways, embankments ne 1475,2 kilomita. A Ufa agglomeration zaune 1.4 mutane miliyan (2008), ko daya bisa uku na jimlar yawan mutanen jamhuriyar.

masana'antu

A gaske wuya-aiki mutane daga cikin Jamhuriyar Bashkortostan ne sanannen. Capital - shi ne ba togiya. The most masana'antu Enterprises suna located a Arewa maso ɓangare na gari. Daga gare su, da Refayawa na Bashkir mai refining da petrochemicals, kuma Ufa Engine-Building Association (UMPO). A tsakiyar titi daga cikin masana'antu yankin - Pervomayskaya, ta bangarorin biyu lashe tare da biyu kyau Palace of Culture (S. Ordzhonikidze da Ufa Engine ƙungiyoyi.).

A gini ne shagaltar da game da biyu da dozin manyan sikelin-Enterprises daga daban-daban da ikon mallakar siffofin. Daga cikin su iya kira "RB Housing Asusun", "zuba jari da gine kwamitin Ufa", "Bashkir Zuba Jari da Construction Company", "Bashkir Industrial da kuma gina kamfanin" Institute "Bashkirgrazhdanproekt", "Archproject", "Bashmeliovodhoz" "Open sarari" na iya aiki da sauransu.

A farko ikon shuka da aka gina, da 02/01/1898. Yana da aka gina m N. V. Konshinym a kansa kudi da kuma samar da wutar lantarki ga gidaje na arziki, birane cibiyoyin, masana'antu da kasuwanci da wuraren. Lit da kuma tsakiyar titi, a kan wanda 50 baka fitilu da aka shigar. Yau, jimlar tsawon na lighting babban birnin kasar na Bashkortostan Lines ne 1669,23 kilomita, ciki har da 549,3 kilomita - USB Lines. Street lighting ya kasance Mwepya "Ufagorsvet".

samuwar

A babban birnin kasar na Bashkortostan - a gane kimiyya da ilimi da cibiyar. A farko makarantu da aka kira "tsifirnaya" da "rundunar sojoji". Tsifirnaya bude a Bitrus lokaci. Game makaranta, kadan da aka sani - sun tsira kawai "lokacin" na irin azaba: da dalibai da aka hane su yi aure, idan sun aikin barin makaranta. Sojojin da aka sanar da kayan yau da kullum na ilimin lissafi, karatu, manyan bindigogi USAID. A 1778, da makaranta da aka canjawa wuri zuwa sansanin birnin Orenburg.

Opening na farko institute ya faru 10.04.1909 shekaru. A da Ufa Malamai 'Institute. Ga shirya malaman Rasha harshen, lissafi, kimiyyar lissafi, halitta kimiyya, tarihi, da kuma sauran matsalolin da Indiyan. Sai aka canza kama zuwa Bashkir Pedagogical Institute mai suna bayan K. A.Timiryazeva. Tun shekara ta 1957 - Bashkir Jami'ar Jihar. Yau akwai fiye da dozin jami'o'i da kuma daruruwan makarantu, kolejoji, high makarantu.

Al'adu da kuma Sports

A babban birnin kasar na Bashkortostan ne ma da al'adu babban birnin kasar na yankin. Bashkir Jihar Philharnonic bude a Ufa a 1939 a wani tsohon majami'a a litattafan Gogol Street, 58. Yana da aka shirya da mawaki kuma mai yi Gaziz Almukhametov. United Philharnonic mawaka, operetta, tagulla, jama'a orchestras da sauran tarbiyya.

Ufa 1 274 wasanni wurare, ciki har da 4 filayen wasa tare da bleachers for 1,500 kujeru da kuma mafi Sports Palace da biyu wucin gadi kankara Rink, racecourse "Akbuzat" hadaddun tsalle, biathlon hadaddun "Ufa-Arena", wani zamani filin wasan "Dynamo". An zaci da gina ruwa Parks a Ufa. Yana da daraja abin lura Ufa circus.