Babban yanayi iri germination

A bambancin da rayayyun kwayoyin halitta da halaye na su tsari da kuma rayuwarsa nazarin ilmin halitta. Sharuddan germination la'akari rassansa kira o, wanda tsarin, ya hada da wani sashe - shuka Physiology. Major zama dole yanayi na iri germination - ne ganiya zazzabi, danshi, free damar da iska, mai isa adadin na gina jiki ga tayi ci gaba, kazalika da haske yanayin. Su za a tattauna a kasa.

Abin da yanayi ne zama dole domin iri germination

Seed kafa daga zuriyar kumshe da Angiospermae kafa a sakamakon biyu hadi, S. Navashin bude a 1861, ya germination auku a lokacin da za a isa mafi kyau duka yanayi na yanayi, da ake kira abiotic dalilai. A tayi dauke a cikin zuriyarsa, da ya kunshi wata tushen da kuma bar tare da tayi kara fara girma, da iri cuticle ne karya, kuma na farko tushen da iri bayyana. An ƙarfafa a cikin ƙasa, kuma yana farawa da kansa tsotse ruwa da kuma mafita daga ma'adinai salts, da muhimmanci ga kara ci gaba da amfrayo.

Bugu da kari ga wadannan abubuwa, ga iri germination da kuma ci gaban dole kwayoyin abubuwa irin sitaci, sunadaran da fats. Sun samu amfrayo ko daga cotyledons (y dicotyledonous shuke-shuke, kamar Peas, kokwamba, tumatir, kabeji), ko kuma kai tsaye daga endosperm ba a iri a cikin monocotyledonous shuke-shuke (alkama, da shinkafa, da hatsin rai). Saboda haka, m abiotic dalilai da kuma kasancewa da na gina jiki - Waɗannan su ne yanayin zama dole ga germination.

Physiological sunadaran da iri germination

Idan ka sa a gaban irin wannan aiki: kwatanta da rawar da zama dole yanayi na germination na tsaba, shi ne bu mai kyau don fara tare da wani haske physiological al'amurran da wadannan matakai, da kimiyya bayyana babban yanayi wajibi ne ga ci gaban da tayi. Saboda haka, germination na iri ne da ake kira miƙa mulki daga sauran on da vegetative girma da tayi, samuwar na kumshe da shi.

A tsaba wasu shuke-shuke iya germinate nan da nan ko an jima, bayan balaga. Mutane da yawa nau'in bishiyoyi, misali, a gymnosperms - spruce, Pine, da itacen al'ul, da kuma mafiya yawa daga gandun daji herbaceous shuke-shuke, da tsaba da dogon lokaci na dormancy da kwalfar kawai bayan 1-2 shekaru ko fiye. Wannan lokaci lokaci yana da muhimmanci sosai. Saboda haka, da tsire-tsire na temperate latitudes germination aka kara kuzari da low hunturu yanayin zafi. Irin wannan muhalli factor, kamar lighting, ba ko da yaushe suna da wani tasiri a kan yanayin iri germination, kamar yadda mafi yawansu ba su ci gaba a cikin duhu.

Tamanin da ganiya zazzabi

A mafi muhimmanci da yanayi iri germination - wani m abiotic dalilai, ciki har da zazzabi cika daya daga cikin manyan ayyuka. A agronomic shuke-shuke suna classified a matsayin sanyi-resistant da zafi-m. Irin wannan bambantawa ya shafi tsaba. Wasu, kamar karas tsaba da kuma latas, albasa, germinate a low m yanayin zafi, wasu (kabewa, tumatir, cucumbers) bukatar cewa gona ne warmed zuwa da zazzabi na 10 - 12 digiri.

A noma sau da yawa amfani da hanyar da inganta iri germination, su Warming. Za ka iya amfani da wutar lantarki kayan, kuma da tsaba shuka Cucurbitaceae iyali: cucumbers, squash, kankana, legumes (wake, Peas, waken soya) tsomasu a tsanake cikin ruwa tare da yawan zafin jiki na 35-45 ° C, sa'an nan sanyi da kuma bushe. Dumama da tsaba for daya ko biyu makonni kafin dasa a cikin ƙasa qara makamashi na germination, hana wani bata lokaci ciyayi, qara yawan aiki.

Aikin zafi germination

Ci gaba da nazarin yanayi da ake bukata domin germination na tsaba, zai mayar da hankali a kan muhimmancin ruwa. Da kasancewar a cikin ƙasa na samar da wani tsari na kumburi da iri gashi, kunnawa da sitaci hydrolysis. Kai germination tsari yana farawa tare da soaking tsaba manyan girma na ruwa wanda gudana kai tsaye zuwa tayin. Its Kwayoyin rayayye sha glucose da kuma fara raba hanzari, wanda ya inganta ci gaban da tayi tushen. Alal misali, gwoza tsaba sha ruwa a 1.2 sau da nauyi, da kuma Clover - 1.5. A zaman kansa gidaje yadu amfani Hanyar soaking da tsaba a ruwa, cimma germination tayi tushen.

A sakamakon oxygen a kan ci gaban da iri

Idan akai la'akari da babban yanayi iri domin germination, mu lura da bukatar free damar da iska, wanda ake amfani da su tabbatar da cewa matakai na m numfashi na moistened tsaba. A noma, ne sau da yawa amfani bubbling na: hadawa da tsaba a ruwa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar oxygen ko iska kawota daga kwampreso. Mafi sau da yawa bubbled tsaba da low kuzari (karas, parsnips, albasa).

Mene ne EM fasahar?

Idan muka juya zuwa zamani agrarians tare da wani request domin sanin germination yanayi na iri, a mayar da martani, a Bugu da kari ga dukan da aka sani abiotic dalilai, za mu ji wani tsari don amfani da ake dasu jamiái, kamar "Baikal EM-1", dauke da lactic acid, photosynthetic kwayoyin cuta da kuma fungi, kamar yisti. A wannan magani bayani sharkaf shirye dasa tsaba for 2-3 hours. Wannan fasahar stimulates da ci gaban da aiwatar da Qarfafa makamashi iri germination, kuma kuma qara kebantattun na shuke-shuke zuwa kwari da qara yawan amfanin ƙasa.

scarification na tsaba

Don la'akari da dukkan halayen germination na iri, shi wajibi ne su zauna a kan wannan hanya a matsayin scarification (wucin gadi lalacewar da iri gashi ta hannu). A saboda wannan dalili, a cakuda tsaba tare da m yashi ko karfe filings. Saboda nika lalace testa. Wannan dabara da sauri zuwa ga tayin samun ruwan da ake bukata domin germination da iri.

pelleting tsaba

A gaban isa gina jiki - wani muhimmin sharaɗi ne ga iri germination, musamman waɗanda ke da wata kananan size, kuma haka wani kananan stock na nasu gina jiki. Tsaba na tumatir, albasa, karas, kabeji drazhiruyut, Ina nufin mai rufi da Layer na kwayoyin abinci abubuwa manne ga zuriya ta amfani da sitaci bayani - ko manna na freshly mullein. Kafin pelleting tsaba calibrated, cewa an ana jerawa, da barin mafi girma da kuma mafi tsari daidai. Wannan hanya na influencing da yanayi iri germination, na inganta da kuma kara habaka da germination kuzari.

A cikin wannan labarin, babban yanayi iri germination aka alama, wato zafi, mafi kyau duka zazzabi, dangane da shuka iri da iri, da gaban oxygen a cikin iska da kuma a cikin ƙasa, da wani isasshen wadata da na gina jiki ga ci gaban da amfrayo da kuma na zamani hanyoyi na inganta yanayin iri germination .