Gine-gine da rabi, wanda ya zo daga zamanin d Masar obelisk - a ...

Wannan talifin zai magana game da abin da obelisk lokacin da farko haife, wannan kashi na gine-gine, bincika tarihin Luxor obelisk.

architecture

Mutane sun ko da yaushe ba da muhimmanci ga zane-zane, ciki har da gine-gine. A rayuwa na mafi tsoho wayewar, mun san mafi yawa saboda da kiyaye gine-gine da kuma abubuwa na gine-gine da style, misali, wadannan sun hada da Mayan pyramids a kudancin Amirka. Hakika, ba duk mutanen bar baya da irin wannan gagarumin alama a cikin tarihi, to wannan ko da a yau da gidan da kuma sauran gine-gine da farko yi amfani da matsayin m al'amarin, da kuma ƙarni-tsohon karko da nagartaccen yi mafita, su ne ba daban-daban.

Zai yiwu mafi sanannun tarihi zamanin - shi ne Ancient Misira. Kuma ganin darajarsa to wannan rana da al'adun wannan mutane yanzu matattu. Kuma, baya daga pyramids wa yau ya kai mai da muhimmanci sosai ga tsoho Masarawa, wannan gine-gine da rabi, kamar wani obelisk. To, abin da yake mai obelisk, kamar yadda amfani a zamaninmu? Wannan shi ne abin da za mu yi magana.

definition

Obelisks aka yi amfani a zamanin tsohuwar Girka, amma akwai su na da wani zalla m darajar, misali, a matsayin gnomon (musamman ãyõyi, da samfur kewaye iri na agogo) sundial. Duk da yake a zamanin d Misira Obelisk - wani alama ce na rãnã, kuma, in general, daya daga cikin fi so abubuwa na gine-gine da kuma symbolism. Bari mu bincika a cikin mafi daki-daki cikin tarihi na Masar obelisks kuma su da umurninSa ne.

The na'urar da nadin

Masar obelisk (a kalla wadanda cewa tsira ga wannan rana) ne monoliths, wanda aka sassaka daga wani yi kama block na dutse. material protruding ja dutse da aka sassaƙaƙƙun a Aswan. Kuma suka shigar a nau'i-nau'i tare ƙofar Haikali.

Saboda da imperfections da kayan aikin da aka sanya obelisks sosai tsawo da kuma wuya. Alal misali, obelisk na Hatshepsut sassaka watanni bakwai. Yanzu mun san abin da obelisk. Ka yi la'akari da babban halaye.

Hannun su aka sanya su rufe haruffa, wanda matani a mafi yawan lokuta tsare da daukakan da gumakan da Fir'auna aiki ne. Wani lokaci, idan irin wannan shiri da musamman ma'anar, shi ya mai rufi tare da wani gami da zinariya da azurfa. Duk da haka, ya yi haka ne kawai tare da tip na obelisk. Saboda haka a Ancient Misira obelisk - wani muhimmin kashi na addini da bauta da kuma symbolism.

Masana tarihi kada san cewa ma'adanin na yin obelisks Masarawa mahaukaci a lokacin 4th daular, amma mafi tsoho da cewa sun tsira zuwa yau, kwanan rana 5th daular. Su rarrabe - a kananan size, kadan fiye da mita uku. Idan muka magana game da wadanda cewa sun tsira da mu sau a wannan wuri cewa, an kafa, mafi tsufa ne obelisk na Senusret. A qarshe na gama - daya cewa kafa a Karnak, rufinta ne a kan 24 mita. Af, bisa ga m ƙiyasta shi weighs 143 tons. Kamar yadda ka gani, da obelisk - wani tsarin da cewa shi ne sosai daban-daban a size.

baza

A hankali, da obelisks na Misira ya fara yada a duniya. A farko kasashen da suke da akwai a fashion ga su, sun Palestine da Phenicia. Duk da haka, inda suka samar da jawo sama da mutum segments, wanda ƙwarai simplifies da masana'antu tsari. Next obelisks fara yada zuwa Byzantine Empire, Assuriya, kuma ko da Habasha. A babba yawan su aka fitar dashi ga Roman Empire. Alal misali, daya cewa yanzu sanya a gaban ta Lateran Basilica a Roma, da aka kafa a Karnak, weighs 230 ton da kuma rufinta ne 32 mita. Duk da haka, abu na farko da cewa ya zo tuna lokacin neman a wannan obelisk, yadda shi hawa? Ko a yau, da karusa na wannan kaya ba irin wannan sauki aiki.

A lokacin da Renaissance sau obelisks zama mashahuri Italian gine-ginen da abubuwa na] aukacin abun da ke ciki. Kuma a sa'an nan, fara daga tsakiyar XIX karni kamar yadda jama'a sha'awa a cikin girma da kuma masana tarihi zuwa Ancient Misira, kasashen da dama da aka tsunduma a cewa ba dama fitar dashi zuwa kowane irin art abubuwa da kayayyakin gargajiya. Alal misali, a St. Petersburg a kan Neva River ne sphinxes, amma 'yan mutane san cewa su, an kawo kai tsaye daga Misira, kuma yana da shekaru da dama da shekara dubu.

mu lokaci

Kuma a yau, da obelisks ne Popular a matsayin gine-gine da rabi a matsayin standalone sassaka m ma'anar ko abin tunawa. The most ne Washington Monument a Amurka, rufinta ne 169 mita.

A Rasha, da baza na obelisks samu, da suka fara da zamanin Catherine II, da kuma kafa a cikin girmamawa soja nasarori da kuma nasarori. Yana yiwuwa domin sanin da kalmar "obelisk". Yana da wani gine-gine abin tunawa, wanda yai kama da al'amudin, tapering sama.

Obelisks hankali fadi daga fashion matsayin mai zane kashi ko gine-gine, amma ya fara da za a yi amfani a matsayin abin tunawa daga soja ɗaukaka. Alal misali, shi ne sau da yawa ta yiwu ka sadu da obelisks na taro kaburbura daga yakin duniya na II. Kuma a Rasha biranen su ne Monuments zuwa fice tarihi da kuma soja Figures na baya shekaru, misali, wani obelisk a cikin girmamawa Minin da Pozharsky a Nizhny Novgorod, a kan-site umurnin post Suvorov a fagen Borodino , da sauransu.

Luxor obelisk

A 1831, Gwamnan na Misira Mehmet Ali ya France Luxor Obelisk, wanda aka asali gina a cikin girmamawa Ramses II. Tuni a 1833 ya aka dauka zuwa Paris da kuma bayan Royal taron da aka kafa a kan Place de la Concorde, inda zuwa wannan rana za ka iya ganin obelisk. Photo ladabi da ta dan kadan mafi girma. Ƙananan part nuna aiwatar da abin tunawa na ceto.