Celled shuke-shuke: misalai da kuma halaye

All kwayoyin a Duniya ya kasu kashi biyu manyan kungiyoyin - salula da kuma wadanda ba salula. A karshen hada kawai ƙwayoyin cuta, amma ga na farko - duk sauran halittu masu rai. A cell iya zama eukaryotic (da wani tsarin da cell tsakiya) ko prokaryotic (core offline). A karshen an wakilta kwayoyin cuta, da kuma na farko da ya hada da dukkan sauran kungiyoyin na dabba. A tsarin da mafi yawan su aka yi sama da yawa Kwayoyin, amma akwai a cikin wannan rukuni na single-celled kwayoyin, shuke-shuke, fungi, kuma ko da dabbobi. A karshen hada amoeba, ciliates, fungi - yisti, Mucor, Penicillium.

A tsarin da guda-celled shuka Kwayoyin

Wadannan kwayoyin suna eukaryotes, cewa shi ne, su DNA ne a cikin nucleus din, wanda yana da wani m aiki. Kamar dukan shuka Kwayoyin, suka dauke takamaiman wasu gabbansa kamar vacuoles da plastids. Har ila yau a cikin tsarin kunshi da mitochondria, lysosomes, ribosomes, Golgi na'ura da kuma endoplasmic reticulum, watau wani sa na wasu gabbansa, da misali ga duk eukaryotes.

aiki na da wasu gabbansa

Mitochondria gudanar da wani daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci matsayin a cikin cell - suka nuna da makamashi domin duk rayuwa tafiyar matakai. Lysosomes ne da alhakin kwayuka narkewa na gina jiki. Ayyuka ne ribosomal gina jiki kira daga mutum amino acid.

A Golgi haduwa da wasu kwayoyin kuma ana jerawa duk ɓullo da kayan cell.

Endoplasmic reticulum ne ma hannu a cikin metabolism, tara ma'adanai rairaya lipids da phospholipids. Da wasu gabbansa da suke na musamman domin shuka Kwayoyin, da kuma yin daidai da muhimmanci ayyuka. A kan aiwatar da photosynthesis auku chloroplast, vacuoles da kuma aiki tank rawa ga cell ba dole ba abubuwa.

Celled shuke-shuke. misalai

Wannan irin kwayoyin ne algae aji. A mafi daukan hankali misali ne guda-celled shuke-shuke chlamydomonas. Wannan na iya kuma sun hada da chlorella da kuma iri daban-daban diatoms.

tsarin fasali

Celled shuke-shuke da jinsuna daban suna da nasu rarrabe fasali. Ko da yake su duk kunshi guda cell, amma na iya samun nasu musamman halaye.

Chlamydomonas - cikin shahararrun wakilin unicellular algae. Sun bambanta daga wasu a cewa tana da irin wasu gabbansa da haske-m ido, da wanda kwayoyin iya sanin inda a can ne mafi hasken rana domin photosynthesis. A maimakon haka, da yawa chloroplast suna da daya manyan, kira chromatophores. Har ila yau a cikin tsarin kunshi da contractile vacuole. Sun yi aiki a matsayin farashinsa cewa tsotso da suka wuce haddi ruwa. Bugu da kari, suna da biyu flagella, da wasu gabbansa da cewa ba da damar jiki don matsawa a cikin shugabanci na haske. Wani daya-celled shuke-shuke - chlorella.

Kamar Chlamydomonas, su ne kore algae, amma ba su da haka mutane da yawa musamman da wasu gabbansa, kamar yadda kwayoyin da aka bayyana a sama. Su Kwayoyin - hankula kayan lambu.

Diatoms ma nema zuwa guda-celled shuke-shuke. Su ne babban sinadarin plankton da cewa na zaune a cikin manyan jikin ruwa. Bã su da wani takamaiman cell membrane da kare jiki daga waje muhalli. Ya ƙunshi wani dioxide da silicon, oxides na baƙin ƙarfe, aluminum da kuma sauran mahadi. Daga cikin saurã daga bawo suna kafa na da yawa ma'adanai. Mafi yawan guda-celled shuke-shuke haifa hanyar division. Duk da irin wannan kwayoyin samun su gina jiki ta hanyar photosynthesis, watau su ne autotrophs.