Misalai na al'umman da na Rasha. Kwastan da kuma hadisai na mutanen Rasha

Our kasar da aka babbar, shi ne sanaki mutane daban-daban wanda na iya bambanta tsawo da kuma gina, ido siffar da launi, al'ada da kuma al'adu, addini da kuma almara. Misalai na jama'ar Rasha iya har ma da kai wani al'ada talakawan high school dalibi, da kuma wannan ba abin mamaki bane, tun da 'yan qasar yankin da aka yi karatu a duk Rasha makarantu.

Wannan labarin da nufin kwana da mafi kyau a sani ba, kuma a lokaci guda sosai ban sha'awa bayani game da al'adu da kuma hadisai na mutanen Rasha. Mai karatu zai samu mai yawa da amfani facts, da wanda baya zai kasance da sauki mu fahimci wadanda kazalika, kamar yadda ya ke kira a matsayin Rasha.

A gaskiya, musamman mutanen Rasha (akalla wasu daga cikinsu, misali, zaune a cikin Far Arewa) ba zai iya kasa da mamaki har ma da mafi shiryayye, kuma gogaggen matafiya. A wannan kuma sauran abubuwa da aka tattauna a wannan labarin.

The kabilu na mutanen Rasha. janar bayanai

Yadda babban da kuma sararin wannan kasa ne don haka bambancin da kuma iko mutanen da suke rayuwa a cikin ta. Ba abin mamaki da layin aka yi a zamanin tarayyar Soviet bogi "Kasa". Tarayyar rushe, kuma duk da haka Rasha Federation ci gaba da zama a manyan jihar, inda fiye da dari al'ummai zauna a karkashin wannan sararin sama.

Kamar yadda a kai a kai gudanar censuses shi za a iya bayar da hujjar cewa 'yan asalin mutanen sa har da Rasha a kusa da 90% na yawan jama'ar, na da 81% - Rasha. Yaya mutane da yawa da suke zaune a Rasha? Masana kimiyya ethnographers gardamar cewa sauki amsar wannan tambaya zai yi aiki ba, kuma a cikin rahoton, sun ayan gama da 'yan asalin mutanen kasar a cikin kungiyar, da kusanci da wanda aka bayyana ba kawai geographically, amma kuma a al'adance da kuma tarihi. A cikin duka, da ƙasar yana da fiye da 180 tarihi al'ummomi. Addinai na mutanen Rasha suna kuma dauke a cikin selection.

Tare da haka mutane da yawa wakilan da kabila daga cikin sararin kasa, ba shi yiwuwa ba su kusantar da hankali ga sosai kananan mutane, wanda al'ada da kuma hanyarsa ta rayuwa ne sau da yawa a kan gab da nau'i nau'i. Inexorable facts a mafi yawan lokuta shi ya nuna cewa yawan kabilu, da wanda mafi yawancin mu ba ma ji na, sannu a hankali ragewa. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa mu gwamnatin ya dauka quite mai ma'ana yanke shawarar magana game da al'adu da kuma hadisai na mutanen Rasha zuwa ƙaramin tsara tun da farko azuzuwan na wani m makaranta. A farko, duk wannan yana bauta a cikin nau'i na tatsuniyoyi da Legends, kuma daga baya, tare da 7-8 aji ƴan ƙarin cikakken Mai ƙididdigewa ga hanyar rayuwa da kuma al'adu.

Kadan-san mazauna sararin kasa

Akwai wakilan jama'ar Rasha, game da abin da kuka yi ba ko da ji na. Kada su yi ĩmãni ba ni? Kuma domin kyawawan dalilai. Ko da yake dole ne in ce cewa a gaskiya su ne dan kadan. Description mutanen Rasha, suka gudanar a kiyaye da al'adunsu, hadisai, kuma mafi muhimmanci bangaskiya, da kuma hanya ta rayuwa, cancanci kulawa ta musamman.

Vodlozero

Ba kowa ba ne ya sani cewa a Karelia lake zaune mutane ko abin da ake kira Vodlozero. Duk da haka, har yanzu ya kasance da kawai biyar kauyuka, mazaunan wannan, akwai wani fiye da 550 mutane. Iyayensu sun baƙi daga Moscow da kuma Novgorod. Duk da wannan Vodlozerye har yanzu ji tsoron Slavic kwastan. Alal misali, a cikin dazuzzuka hanyar umurni, idan ba a baya neman yardarsu ubangijinsa - shaidan. Kowane mafarauci dole ne ku yi hadaya: don gudanar da matattu dabba a matsayin kyauta.

Semey

Misalai na al'umman da na Rasha zai zama bai cika ba tare da ambata game da Semeiskie. Bã su da hanyar rayuwa ze farin cikin rai na pre-Petrine sau. Wadannan wakilan jama'ar Rasha suna dauke su da Old Muminai, da zarar infesting Trans-Baikal yankin. Sunan zo daga kasa da kalmar "iyali." Bisa ga 2010 ƙidaya, da yawan jama'a na 2,500 mutane. Musamman na al'adun su ne har yanzu primeval, t. E. Little ya canza tun da kwanaki na kakanninsu. A kowace shekara a cikin wadannan wurare janyo hankalin masana harkokin kimiyya daga ko'ina cikin duniya don nazarin sana'a da mutanen Rasha. Af, ba kowa da kowa ya san cewa kauye yana Semey gidajensu a yau fiye da 250 shekaru.

Russkoustintsy

Ya bayyanar jama'a binta bashin da ci gaban Siberia a XVII karni. Natsuwa daga Cossacks da tekun-'yan da zarar halitta a nan wani sub-kabilun. Duk da wuya halin da ake ciki a abin da suka, a kalla a cikin part, ya iya adana al'adun da harshe.

Chaldony

Wannan shi ne yadda za a Siberians kira na farko Rasha natsuwa na XVI karni. A wannan sunan ne da zũriyarsu. Yau chaldonov hanya sosai kama da rai da Slavs kafin kafuwar 'ya'yan sarakuna ba iko. The musamman da suka bambanta su da kyau da aka bayyana a wannan harshe, bayyanar, al'adu kaucewa sabanin wani Slavic kuma Mongoloid. Abin ba in ciki, chaldony, kamar sauran kananan kasashe, hankali mutu.

Zatundrennye manoma

Su suna dauke su ne zuriyar Eastern Pomerania. Wannan ne mai matukar m mutane rayayye zo a cikin lamba tare da wasu. Suna halin sau da yawa musamman al'adu, addini da kuma hadisai. Duk da haka, a shekarar 2010, manoma da su, don zatundrennym ranked kawai 8 mutane.

Miyagun mutane na kasar: da Khanty da Mansi

Shafi mutanen Khanty da Mansi sun sau daya mafi girma dayansu. Tsarki ya tabbata ga ƙarfin zuciya da kuma ƙarfin hali ya zo da hanya zuwa Moscow. Yau, dukan} asashen biyu sun samu wakilci mazauna Khanty-Mansiysk cin gashin kanta Okrug. Da farko, a yankin kusa da kogin Likitan mata mallakar Hunt pool. Mansi kabilan fara shirya a gare shi, har ƙarshen XIX karni, bayan wanda ya fara aiki gabatarwa da mutanen arewaci da gabashin sassa na yankin. Yana da daidaituwa ba addini, al'adu, da hanyar rayuwa ta dogara ne a kan hadin kai da yanayi, saboda Khanty da Mansi sun yafi taiga salon.

Wadannan wakilan mutanen Rasha ba su da bambanci a fili tsakanin dabbobi da mutane. Nature da dabbobi sun ko da yaushe ya tsaya da fari. Saboda haka, mutanen da aka haramta su shirya a kusa da wuraren da suke zaune a dabba kuma kamun kifi ba su yi amfani da fadi sosai cibiyar sadarwa.

Kusan kowace dabba da aka girmama. Saboda haka, gwargwadon imaninsu, da beyar ta haifi mace ta farko, da kuma wuta ba Great Bear. muz - wata alama ce ta dũkiya da ikon. Dabbar beaver kuma suka bashi da cewa shi ne godiya ga shi Khanty zo zuwa ga asalin Vasyugan River. Yau, masana kimiyya suna fargabar cewa mai cin iya barnatar da shafi ba kawai da yawan beavers, amma kuma a kan hanyarsa ta rayuwa na wani dukan mutane.

Huskies - m 'yan Arewa

Eskimos zauna a cikin Chukotka cin gashin kanta District. Wannan shi ne, watakila, da gabashin mutane na kasar mu, asalin wanda ya zauna rigima to wannan rana. Dabbobi masu shayarwa farauta shi ne babban aiki. Har tsakiyar XIX karni da mashi tip da Rotary hargi sanya daga kashi kasance da babban kayan aikin farauta.

Ambatawa misalai na al'umman da na Rasha, ya kamata a lura da cewa Eskimos wuya shafa Kiristanci. Sun yi ĩmãni da ruhohi, canza mutum yanayin, da mamaki yanayi. Mahaliccin duniya da aka dauke Sila - mahalicci da mai shi, ajiye wani ido a kan tsari na bauta da kuma veneration na kakanninsu. Sedna, da teku farka, ya aiko Eskimos ganima. Ruhohi da cewa kawo masĩfa, kuma cuta, Zagayawar dwarfs ko, a akasin haka, cikin Refayawa. Shaman, ya rayu a kusan kowane shiri. Kamar yadda wani ke tsakiya tsakanin mutum da mugayen ruhohi, ya kammala zaman lafiya wance, da kuma don wani lokaci da Eskimos zauna a natsuwarSa da zaman lafiya.

A duk lokacin da kama kifi da aka ci nasara, shirya kama kifi holidays. Har ila yau ya shirya bikin girmama na farkon ko karshen farauta kakar. Rich almara, sabon abu Arctic Culture (sassaƙa da engraving a kan ƙasusuwan) sake tabbatar da bambancinsa da Eskimos. Property na Rasha mutane, ciki har da su za a iya gani a babban birnin kasar ta ethnographic gidajen tarihi.

Famous Rasha reindeer - Koryak

Magana ne game da yadda mutane da yawa da suke zaune a Rasha a wannan lokacin, ba a ma maganar Koryak zaune a Kamchatka da Chukotka Larabawa. A wannan al'umma har yanzu yana da burbushi na Okhotsk al'ada, wanda ya wanzu a farkon karni AD. A tushen abubuwa sun canza a cikin XVII karni, a lokacin da samuwar Koryak-Rasha dangantakar. Collectivism - tushen rayuwa na mutane.

Da ganewarsu dangantawa da animism. Wannan yana nufin cewa su ne quite lokaci mai tsawo wahayi zuwa ga dukkan-kewaye: kankara, shuke-shuke, talikai. Har ila yau, a cikin su kwastan ya faru shamanism. Sujada na wurare masu tsarki, da hadaya, al'ada abubuwa - duk wannan shi ne a cikin zuciya na Koryak al'adu.

All Koryak holidays sun kuma kasance yanayi. Spring reindeer tasbĩhi game da ƙahoni (Kilwa), kuma a cikin fall - ranar yanka Elk. A cikin iyalai a cikin abin da tagwaye aka haifa, na tsara kerkẽci hutu kamar yadda jarirai an dauke zumunta na wadannan yara. A duk abubuwan da suka faru a fili gani rayayye koyi da dabbobi: dancing, waƙa. A cikin 'yan shekaru, da manufofin da al'adunmu kiyayewa da kuma al'adunmu na musamman Koryak mutane.

Tofalars - acewa al'umma Irkutsk yankin

Description mutanen Rasha ba zai yiwu ba tare da Tofa, da kabila daga fiye da 700 mutane, wanda aka jibge a cikin ƙasa na Irkutsk yankin. Duk da cewa mafiya yawa daga Tofa - Orthodox, shamanism ci gaba da wannan rana.

Babban ayyuka na wadannan mutane - farauta da reindeer herding. Da zarar wani fi so abin sha da aka madara Elk cewa shan Boiled ko kara to shayi. Muddin Tofalars ba zama masu zama a gida mutane, su gida ya conical bukka. Kwanan nan, m jini na mutane da aka rasa. Duk da haka, hadisai, kwastan da kuma al'adu na zamanin d Tofalars har yanzu wanzu.

Musamman da kuma girman kai mutane - Archi

Yau Archi - a kananan kabila cewa, a lokacin da 1959 ƙidaya aka ranked a cikin Avars. Duk da haka shaidar da kuma ra'ayin mazan jiya salon na mutane a yarda su ci gaba da yarensu. Modern Archi tsõron al'adu, da yawa daga cikinsu suna da mafi girma ilimi. Duk da haka, makarantu an sanar da kawai a cikin Avar harshe.

Abin da Archi nasu Avar harshe, sake tabbatar da cewa suna cikin wani babban, harkar muhimmanci al'umma. A rayuwa na mutane ne ba batun duniya canje-canje. Matasa ba neman su bar kauye, da kuma gauraye aure - a rarity. Ko da yake, ba shakka, akwai wani sauka a hankali asarar hadisin.

Yaya mutane da yawa a Rasha, don haka da yawa hadisai. Alal misali, bikin wata rabo, Archi ba ado da Kirsimeti itace, da kuma saka Jawo capes da huluna sanya daga sheepskin da kuma fara yi rawa da bi da lezginka zurna, wani drum da kumuza.

A karshe daga cikin mutanen Vod

Za mu ci gaba da ba da misalai na mutanen Rasha. The yawan mutane na Vod yana da kawai 100 mutane. Suna zaune a kan ƙasa na zamani Leningrad yankin.

Vod - Orthodox. Duk da haka, duk da wannan, da saurã daga kafirci har yanzu suna da wani wuri ya zama: a farkon XX karni aka gano animalism - bauta wa itatuwa, duwatsu. Ibãdar cika bisa kalandar kwanaki. A kan Hauwa'u na Ivan Kupala bonfires, da kuma 'yan matan da aka dauka zuwa tsammani. A Iliya rana aka shirya na gama biki, da na al'ada kama kifi. Da farko kama kifi soyayyen, sa'an nan saukar da baya a cikin ruwa. Akwai hanyoyi da wani abokin tarayya a gare drive tafi gaba daya a kan matasa. Courtship, kamar yadda sun yi tsayayya da na yanzu, ya kasu kashi biyu, saukarwa: a gaskiya, da kwat da wando, da amarya da ango musayar amãnõninsu da taba, a lokacin da matchmakers sun kyafaffen taba da kuma ci da wuri.

A lokacin da shiri domin bikin aure sau da yawa za ji kuka al'ada. Abin mamaki, da bikin aure "biyu-ƙare" shi ne XIX karni: bayan aure, ango ya tafi zuwa bikin da kansa da kuma baƙi, a gaskiya, don haka ya aikata amarya. Kuma har zuwa tsakiyar cikin XIX karni a lokacin bikin aure bikin amarya aski da gashi a kansa, kamar yadda idan ya alamar miƙa mulki ga wani sabon mataki - mataki na rayuwar aure.

Nivkhs - mazauna Khabarovsk Territory

Nivkhs - mutane, located in Khabarovsk Abuja. Yawan ne fiye da 4,500. Da alama cewa wannan ba sosai, idan ka yi la'akari da yadda mutane da yawa rayuwa a Rasha a wannan lokacin, duk da haka, duk da cewa ana ce, Kana da kwatanta, misali, tare da mutane na Vod. Nivkh ake magana a matsayin Nivkh, da kuma Rasha harsuna. An yi imani da cewa su ne zuriyar zamanin d mazaunan Sakhalin.

Traditional crafts suna dauke kama kifi, farauta da taro. Bugu da kari, kare kiwo ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan darussan da na Nivkh. Suna ba kawai amfani da karnuka kamar wani abin hawa, amma kuma ya ciyar da su, kuma sewed nasu tufafi daga kare fãtun jikinsu.

The na aikin addini - Orthodoxy. Duk da haka, har cikin tsakiyar karni XX kiyaye imani na al'ada. Alal misali, sadaukarwa na bear. Bear Festival aka tare da kisan dabbobi renon a cikin wani keji. Mutunta yanayi, m amfani da ita kyauta a cikin jini Nivkhs. Rich almara, Arts and Crafts, quackery ne har yanzu shige daga fuska da fuska.

A 'yan asalin mutanen Yamal-Nenets cin gashin kanta District

Fewest mutane fiye da Selkups ba sãmu, a cikin dukan Arewa. Bisa ga yawan jama'a, da yawan ne kawai 1700 mutane zuwa karshe ƙidaya. The sunan mutane zo kai tsaye daga kabilanci da kuma na nufin "gandun daji mutum". Selkups al'ada tsunduma a kama kifi da farauta, da kuma reindeer. Har XVII karni, wato, idan dai da Rasha yan kasuwa sun ƙware marketing, rayayye tasowa handicraft, saƙa.