A binciken na Siberia a cikin 17th karni. A ci gaba da Siberia da kuma Far East: kwanakin, events, majagaba

Shi ne a cikin 17th karni, da ci gaban Siberia dauki a kan wani taro hali. Gabas aika enterprising yan kasuwa, matafiya, adventurers da Cossacks. A wannan lokacin, an kafa mafi tsufa Rasha Siberian birane, daga gare su akwai yanzu birnin.

Siberian Jawo cinikayya

A farko detachment na Cossacks bayyana a Siberia a zamanin mulkin Ivana Groznogo. The sojojin shahara jigo Ermak yi yaƙi da Tatar Khanate na Likitan mata tasa. An sa'an nan kuma kafa Tobolsk. A nuna na XVI, kuma XVII ƙarni. Matsaloli fara a Rasha. Saboda da tattalin arziki da rikicin, da yunwa, da bakin soji a Poland, kazalika da baƙauye yunkurin ci gaban tattalin arziki na m Siberia tsaya.

Kawai a lokacin da ya zo iko da Romanov daular, da kuma tsari da aka aza a kasar, da aiki jama'ar na sabuwar directed daga ganinsu, to gabas, inda sararin komai sarari. A 17th karni da ci gaban Siberia aka za'ayi domin furs. Fur mai daraja a Turai kasuwanni a Premium. Wa riba ta hanyar ciniki shirya farauta balaguro.

A farkon karni XVII Rasha mulkin mallaka, yafi rinjayar da yankunan da taiga da tundra. Da fari dai, shi ne akwai mai muhimmanci da furs. Abu na biyu, da steppe da gandun daji-steppe na Yammacin Siberia sun kasance ma kawo hadari ga natsuwa daga barazana da mamayewa na gida makiyaya. A yankin ya ci gaba da zama da wani ɓaɓɓake daga cikin Mongol Empire da Kazakh Khanate, wanda mazaunan la'akari da Rasha su halitta makiya.

Yenisei balaguro

A arewacin hanyar mulkin mallaka na Siberia shi ya m. A ƙarshen XVI karni, na farko balaguro kai Yenisei. A 1607, a ta bakin gari Turukhansk aka gina. Ya ya dade wata babbar sufuri batu da kuma a springboard domin kara gabatarwa na Rasha mulkin mallaka a kan gabas.

Industrialists aka neman a nan Sable Jawo. A tsawon lokaci, da yawan dabbobin daji ya rage muhimmanci. Wannan shi ne wani tutu su matsa gaba. Sunã shiryarwa arteries zurfi a cikin Siberia kasance Yenisei aikin gandu na Lower Tunguska da Stony Tunguska. A wannan lokaci da birnin da aka sani kawai hunturu bukka, inda industrialists tsaya don sayar da kayayyaki, ko ya jira fitar mai tsanani frosts. A bazara da kuma bazara sun bar filin ajiye motoci da kuma kusan shekara-zagaye cirewa furs.

Travel demid pyanda

A 1623, na almara matafiyi demid pyanda kai gaba da Lena. Game da shaidar wannan mutumin kusan kome ba ne da aka sani. 'Yan bayani da ya balaguro da aka canjawa wuri industrialists daga fuska da fuska. Su da labaru da aka rubuta ta hanyar tarihi Gerard Miller yana a cikin Petrine zamanin. Matafiyi m sunan za a iya bayyana ta da cewa ya mallakar wani kabilanci Pomerania.

A 1632, shafin na daya daga cikin wintering Cossacks kafa kagara, wanda aka zarar sake masa suna zuwa Yakutsk. A garin ya zama cibiyar da sabuwar halitta lardin. A farko Cossack ƙungiyoyin sojoji da fuskantar abokan gaba hali na Yakuts, wanda ko da kokarin kewaye da matabbatarsu. A 17th karni da ci gaban Siberia da mafi m iyakokin sarrafawa da wannan birni, wanda ya zama arewa maso gabashin iyakar kasar.

A yanayi na mulkin mallaka

Yana da muhimmanci a lura da cewa mulkin mallaka yayin da saka wani yunkri da kuma rare hali. A jihar farko kusan ba ya tsoma baki a cikin wannan tsari. Mutane za su je wurin gabashin nasu bisa, shan dukan kasada kansu. Matsayin mai mulkin, suna m da sha'awar sa kudi a kan cinikayya. Har ila yau a gabas suka nemi su manoma da suka gudu daga gidajensu a kubuta daga serfdom. Desire za samun tura dubban mutane a kan uncharted expanses cewa yin wani babban taimako ga ci gaban Siberia da kuma Far East. A 17th karni ya manoman damar fara sabon rayuwa a cikin wani sabon ƙasar.

A kauyukan da su je wani real feat na aiki don fara wata gona a Siberia. Steppe aka shagaltar da makiyaya, da kuma tundra ya m for namo na ƙasar. Saboda haka, manoma ya shirya hannuwansu arable ƙasar a cikin m gandun daji, ta lashe a cikin yanayi sashe da sashe. Kawai m kuma mai kuzari mutane za su iya magance wannan irin aiki. Hukumomi aika dakarun bauta wa mutane bayan da mulkin mallaka. Su ne ba sosai bude ƙasa kamar yadda riga tsunduma a cikin ci gaban bude da alhakin tsaro da kuma haraji tarin. Yana da aka haka a kudu, a kan bankunan na Yenisei, Fort aka gina don kare fararen hula, wanda daga baya ya zama arziki birni Krasnoyarsk. Wannan ya faru a 1628.

Ayyukan Dezhneva

A tarihin ci gaban Siberia kama a shafukan sunayen da yawa jarumi matafiya ciyar da shekaru na rayukansu ya kuskura. Daya daga cikin wadannan majagaba ya maniyyi Dezhnev. Wannan Cossack Ataman aka haife shi a Great Ustyug, kuma ya tafi gabas dauka samar da furs da cinikayya. Ya kasance mai gwani navigator, kuma mafi yawan aiki rayuwa ciyar a arewa-maso-gabas Siberia.

A 1638 Dezhnev koma Yakutsk. Ya fi aboki ya Peter Beketov, wanda ya kafa birane kamar Chita da Nerchinsk. Dezhnev aka aikata da tattara haraji daga 'yan asalin mutanen Yakutia. Yana da aka musamman irin haraji, kaddamarda da jihar domin da mazauni. Biya sukan keta, kamar yadda na gida princelings lokaci zuwa lokaci tayar, ba so don gane wa gwamnatin Rasha. Wannan shi ne yanayin Cossack sojojin da aka bukata.

Jirãge a cikin Arctic tekuna

Dezhnev ya kasance daya daga cikin na farko matafiya da suka ziyarci bankunan na ƙõramu sunã gudãna a cikin Arctic tekuna. Muna magana ne game da irin wannan arteries kamar Ian Indigirka, Alazeya, Anadyr, da sauransu. D.

Rasha mulkin mallaka shiga cikin daruna na waɗannan kõguna sunã kamar haka. A farko, jirãge gangara da Lena. Kai teku, da jirãge tafi gabas tare da nahiyar gaba. Sai suka samu a bakin cikin sauran koguna, tanã fita a kan wanda, da Cossacks sami kansu a cikin mafi surkulle da kuma inda ba wanda yake zaune yankunan Siberia.

Opening na Chukotka

Babban nasarori Dezhneva ya fara balaguro zuwa Kolyma da Chukotka. A 1648, ya tafi zuwa ga arewa a sami wani wuri inda za mu iya samun muhimmanci da hauren giwa. Ya balaguro farko kai da Bering mashigar. Ga ƙare da Eurasia da kuma Amurka ta fara. Matsatsiyar da ya raba Alaska daga Chukotka, aka ba da aka sani zuwa ga Turawan mulkin mallaka. A cikin shekaru 80 bayan Dezhnev Na ziyarci wani kimiyya balaguro na Bering, wanda aka shirya da Bitrus I.

Travel matsananciyar Cossacks dade shekaru 16. 4 more shekaru bar a kan shi ya koma Moscow. Akwai maniyyi Dezhnev samu duk kudi binta zuwa gare shi ta hanyar Sarkin kansa. Amma da muhimmancin da ya Gwargwadon binciken ya bayyana bayan mutuwar wani jarumi matafiyi.

Khabarov a kan bankunan na Amur River

Idan Dezhnev nasara sabon iyaka a arewa-maso-gabas, a kudu gwarzo. Suka zama Erofey Khabarov. Wannan majagaba zama da aka sani bayan 1639 samu da gishiri mahakar a kan gaba daga cikin Kuta River. Erofey Khabarov ya ba kawai an yi fice matafiyi, amma kuma mai kyau Oganeza. Tsohon manomi aza gishiri samarwa a cikin zamani Irkutsk yankin.

A 1649, Yakutsk gwamnan bai Khabarova Cossack detachment kwamandan directed zuwa Dauria. Shi ne mai nĩsa da talauci karatu yankin kan iyakar kasar Sin Empire. A Dauria mu zauna mazauni, da suke iya bayar da tsanani juriya ga Rasha bazuwa. Local princelings yarda koma cikin dan kasa na sarki, bayan da ƙasashensu, da tawagar Erofey Khabarov.

Duk da haka, da Cossacks ya jũya a lokacin da a rikici da su shiga Manchus. Suka zauna a kan bankunan na Amur. Khabarov sanya da dama yunkurin samun wani qafafunku a yankin, ta hanyar gina masu garu mata kagarai. Saboda rikice a cikin takardun da cewa zamanin ne har yanzu m lokacin da inda ya mutu sanannen majagaba. Amma, duk da wannan, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na shi yana da rai daga cikin mutane, da kuma da yawa daga baya, a cikin XIX karni, wanda dogara ne a kan Rasha Amur Khabarovsk birni aka mai suna.

Rigingimu tare da kasar Sin

Kudu Siberian kabilai, da miƙa mulki ga dan kasa na Rasha, ya yi haka nan ya tsere cikin daji fadada daga cikin Mongol hordes, wanda ya rayu ne kawai ta hanyar yaki da devastation makwabta. Musamman shafi duchers da Daur. A cikin rabi na biyu na XVII karni, da kasashen waje da manufofin halin da ake ciki a yankin rincabewa ko da kara, bayan da Manchus dauki kan kasar Sin m.

A sarakuna na daular Qing fara wani sabon soja kamfen da mutanen da suka rayu a nan kusa. Gwamnatin Rasha ya nemi ya kauce wa rikici tare da kasar Sin, domin da zai iya cutar da ci gaban Siberia. A takaice, da diplomasiyya da rashin tabbas a cikin Far East zauna dukan XVII karni. Kawai a cikin gaba karni, jihar shiga wata kwangila, wanda a hukumance da aka shimfiɗa a kan iyakokin ƙasashe.

Vladimir Atlas

A tsakiyar karni XVII Rasha mulkin mallaka koya kasancewar Kamchatka. Da yankin Siberia an tana tattare a cikin asiri da kuma jita-jita, wanda kawai yawaita a kan lokaci saboda a gaskiya wannan yankin ya kasance m ko da ga mafi tsoro da kuma enterprising Cossack hari.

"Kamchatka Ermak" (a cikin kalmomi na Pushkin) shi ne mai bincike Vladimir atalas. A cikin matasa shi ya kasance wani haraji na haraji. Jama'a sabis ne mai sauki gare shi, kuma a cikin 1695 da Yakut Cossack zama magatakarda a cikin m Anadyr kurkuku.

Mafarkin ya zuwa Kamchatka ... gano game da shi, Atlas fara shirya wani balaguro zuwa wani m yanki. Ba tare da shi, kamfanin zai zama bai cika cigaban Siberia. Shekara na shirye-shiryen da kuma tarin na zama dole abubuwa ba a banza, kuma a 1697 shirya Atlasova tawagar tafi.

Kamchatka nazari

Cossacks haye Koryak duwãtsu, kuma kai Kamchatka, kasu kashi biyu. Daya detachment tafi tare da gabar yammacin kasar, gabas Coast na sauran karatu. Kai kudancin tip daga cikin sashin, Satin nesa gan baya ba a sani ba Russian masu bincike zuwa tsibirin. A da Kuril tarin tsiburai. Akwai kana da Kamchadals a zaman talala, ya aka gano da Japan sunan Denbigh. Wannan m Jirgi Ya Yi Haɗari da aka a cikin hannãyenku daga cikin mazauni. Da warware Denby tafi Moscow har ma ya gana da Bitrus I. Ya zama na farko da kasar Japan wanda ya taba saduwa Rasha. Ya labaru game da 'yan qasar ƙasar sun rare batutuwa na hira da tsegumi a cikin babban birnin kasar.

Atlases guda, ya dawo zuwa Yakutsk, samar farko da aka rubuta bayanin Kamchatka a Rasha. Wadannan kayan ana kira "tatsuniyoyi." Wadannan da aka a haɗe maps sanya a lokacin balaguro. Ga nasara yakin neman a Moscow, ya aka bayar da gabatarwa na ɗari rubles. Atlas ma ya zama wani Cossack kai. A 'yan shekarun baya, ya sake koma wa Kamchatka. Shahararren majagaba mutu a 1711 a lokacin da wani tawaye na Cossacks.

Godiya ga mutane a cikin 17th karni da ci gaban Siberia ya zama wani garabasa da kuma amfani ga dukan ƙasar yanzu. Shi ne a cikin wannan karni m ƙasar karshe an annexed zuwa Rasha.