Rasha ta nukiliya m. Makaman nukiliya da makamai masu linzami Rasha

A ranar, da makaman nukiliya yuwuwar na Rasha shi ne na biyu mafi girma a duniya. A halin yanzu a kasar da akwai fiye da 1500 raka'a tura zargin, kazalika da wani babban dabara nukiliya arsenal. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa dabarun nukiliya yuwuwar na Rasha dogara ne a kan tsari na nukiliya triad, wanda ya hada da duka biyu iska, ƙasa da tẽku, aka gyara, amma babban girmamawa ne a kan iri-iri na tsaro tsarin na ƙasar-tushen, ciki har da ma na sosai musamman gidaje ƙasa mobile gida da ake kira "Topol ".

daidai Figures

Kamar yadda suka ce bude kafofin, roka Forces Strategic da a kawo musu kayan 385 zamani shigarwa tare da IDB, a lokaci guda ciki har da:

• 180 SS-25 da makamai masu linzami.
• 72 SS-19 roka.
• 68 SS-18 da makamai masu linzami.
• 50 linzami SS-27, tushen a mahakar.
• 15 linzami SS-27 mobile gida.

Fada karfin sojan ruwan Forces hada da 12 dabarun makami mai linzami submarines, shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa Rasha ta nukiliya m aka kunno 7 submarines "Dabbar" aikin, kazalika 5 'Kalmar' ayyukan. A wani ɓangare na Air Force sa a gaba 77 nauyi kai harin.

International kima

International Hukumar tsunduma a toshewa na nukiliya yaduwa da kuma kwance damarar yaki, ya ce a cikin mallaki Rasha ne ba kamar 2,000 dabara nukiliya warheads, yayin da, a cewar masana, akwai wani yawan abubuwan, artificially rage makaman nukiliya yuwuwar na Rasha. A musamman, shi ne ya kamata a lura kaɗan daga gare su:

• Dabarun kafofin watsa labarai shekaru a kan lokaci. Aƙalla 80% na jimlar yawan makamai masu linzami da rayuwar da ta gabata.
• Space da kuma ƙasa-tushen makami mai linzami gargadi raka'a da wata iyaka iya aiki, musamman da kamar abin da jimlar babu kallo quite m da wani roka cikin sharuddan yankunan, wanda aka located a cikin tekun Atlantic, kazalika da a mafi yawan Pacific Ocean.
• Tã m mayar da hankali kawai a kan biyu da kwasfansu, ta haka ne quite m ga shaida na preemption.
• Makami mai linzami submarines da kadan motsi, da cewa shi ne a cikin wani aiki jiha ne kawai biyu ko guda jefa abin hawa tsunduma a patrolling teku.

m al'amurran

A lokaci guda, da soja nukiliya yuwuwar na Rasha yana da dama tabbatacce al'amurran:

• Yana da aka kwanan nan kammala cin gaban wani, gabã ɗaya, sabon makami mai linzami hadaddun "yars".
• sake fara samar da nauyi da kai harin Tu-160 model.
• fara gudu gwaje-gwaje na jirgin ta makami mai linzami tsarin da ake kira "Bulava", a kan kowanne daga abin da akwai wani nukiliya mai linzami.
• commissioning wani sabon ƙarni na radar tsarin da aka gabatar don rigakafin makami mai linzami kai hare-hare a cikin Krasnodar yankin da kuma Birnin Leningrad yankin.
• cikin sarari guda a lokacin da na karshe shekaru an janye isasshe manyan yawan tauraron dan adam "Cosmos" model, wanda zo a cikin wani sarari echelon na farkon gargadi tsarin, mai lakabin "Eye".

Muhimmai na nukiliya siyasa

Tare da 90-ies karni na karshe, Rasha ce kowane nukiliya makami mai linzami ta bukatar su bi manufar dakile, amma muhimmancin wannan lokaci ne da ɗan modified a yau. A m taƙaitaccen labari cewa Rasha a cikin mayar da martani zai iya sa lalacewar da tsokana, a hankali ya fara canza da kuma sikelin da dakile cewa za a iya gano a cikin wording, canza a zamani soja koyaswar. A musamman, shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa da soja rukunan 1993 samar da kudin dakile ba kawai na al'ada, amma kuma nukiliya ta'adi, amma duk da cewa da farko wording envisaged yiwuwar wani nukiliya mayar da martani ga wadanda ba makaman nukiliya hari, da farko mayar da hankali ne kawai a kan abin da kuke bukatar deter kasashen da makaman nukiliya.

1996

Shugaban saƙo a kan tsaron kasa a 1996 ya ce da bukatar su hana yiwuwar wani nukiliya hari, da kuma cewa Rasha iya amfani da a cikin taron da babban-sikelin dabarun karfin nukiliya na fitina, ko da a cikin akwati na al'ada sojojin. Har ila yau, shi da aka ambata cewa, kasar tana faruwa a bi manufar nukiliya deterrence a yankin, gida da kuma duniya matakan.

1997

National Tsaro Concept 1997 samar da deterrence na fitina, ciki har da yin amfani da makamashin nukiliya a cikin taron cewa m ta'adi kaiwa zuwa hadarin kasancewar Rasha Federation. Saboda haka, Rasha na da hakkin ya yi amfani da dabarun karfin nukiliya a mayar da martani ga duk wani zãlunci, cewa shi ne, ko da abokin gaba ba ya amfani da makaman nukiliya. Bugu da kari, wadannan formulations samar da adana da Rasha ikon amfani da makaman nukiliya da farko.

2010

Soja Rukunai na Rasha Federation soma daidai da umurnin da shugaban kasar, ya bayyana cewa, Rasha Federation yana da hakkin ya yi amfani da makaman nukiliya a karar da shi, ko kawayenta, da makaman nukiliya za su yanke shawara su yi amfani da shi, ko amfani da duk wani sauran makaman kare dangi. SNF kuma za a iya kiran a cikin hali na fitina a Rasha ne da za'ayi tare da na al'ada da makamai idan ta entails barazana ga wanzuwar jihar kanta.

Next, mun dubi yadda Rasha iya kaddamar da wani nukiliya yajin, da kuma wanda yana da halaye na makami.

MDB-P 36 UTTKh

IDB UTTKh R-36, wanda aka fi sani da yawa kamar yadda "Voevoda" ne biyu-mataki makami mai linzami silo-tushen ruwa. Wannan makami mai linzami ne a ci gaba da CB "ta Kudu", located in Dnipropetrovsk a Ukraine ne har yanzu a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, da kuma amfani da wannan makami mai linzami a 1980. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa a shekarar 1988 da makami mai linzami da aka sabunta hanyoyin, kuma a yanzu shi ne wannan version da ake amfani a sabis.

Nukiliya hari tare da wannan makami za a iya amfani da a nesa na 15,000 km, tare da dangi na 8800 kg. Dalili na yanzu makami mai linzami MIRV sanye take quire warheads da wani mutum niyya.

Ikon nukiliya lura da warhead daga makami mai linzami-kwanan ya kai 800 KT, yayin da na fara version yana da kawai 500 KT. Probabilistic sabawa aka kuma rage daga 370 zuwa 220 m.

IDB UR-100N UTTKh

Biyu-mataki ruwa-propellant makami mai linzami, wanda aka tasowa KBM a Reutov, dake a cikin Moscow yankin. Har ila yau daraja a sabis, tun 1980. Makaman nukiliya warhead iya fashewa a nesa har zuwa 10 000 km daga jefa site, da jefa makami mai linzami nauyi ne 4035 kg. Dalili na yanzu makami mai linzami MIRV da ciwon shida warheads akayi daban-daban shiryar da su zuwa ga manufa fitarwa na kowanne daga abin da yake 400 KT. Probabilistic madauwari deflection na 350 m.

ICBMs RT-2PM

M-man fetur uku-mataki roka ƙasa-tushen mobile kamar yadda ci gaba da Moscow Cibiyar thermal Technology. Ya kamata ya zama a kan kasar ta arsenal tun shekarar 1988. Wannan makami mai linzami ne iya bugawa da manufa, a nesa har zuwa 10.5 km daga jefa site, da jefa nauyi ne 1000 kg. A wannan akwai daya kawai roka warhead damar 800 KT, yayin da yiwuwar madauwari deflection na 350 m.

ICBM RT-2PM1 / M2

M-man fetur uku-mataki roka silo-tushen ko mobile kamar yadda ci gaba da Moscow Cibiyar thermal Technology. Amfani a Rasha makamai tun 2000. Makaman nukiliya warhead iya buga wani manufa located a nesa har zuwa 11 000 km daga wuri na ta jefa, yayin da ciwon dangi na 1200 kg. The kawai fama naúrar yana da damar kimanin 800 KT da probabilistic madauwari sabawa kai 350 m.

ICBM RS-24

Intercontinental m man fetur ballistic harsashi mobile gida, sanye take da mahara reentry warhead. A ci gaba da nasa ne da Moscow Cibiyar Robotics. MBR ne a gyara PT 2PM2. Ya kamata a lura da cewa fasaha halaye na makami mai linzami da aka classified.

SLBMs

Biyu-mataki ruwa ballistic harsashi tsara don mafi zamani makamai na submarines. Dabarun karfin nukiliya na da irin ci gaba a KBM a Chelyabinsk yankin. Ya kamata ya zama a cikin sabis tun 1977. Rasha dabarun karfin nukiliya Firaministan makami mai linzami hadaddun D-9R, da ciwon a cikin abun da ke ciki a lokaci guda biyu roka kamar "squid".

Wannan makami mai linzami yana da uku main iri fama kayan aiki:

• monoblock kai kashi, wanda yana da makaman nukiliya cajin damar 450 KT.
• MIRV kai tare da uku ikon raka'a 200 kowane RT.
• MIRV ciwon bakwai warheads, a kowanne daga abin da ikon ne 100 KT.

RSM-29RM

The uku-mataki ruwa ballistic harsashi tsara don ƙaddamar submarine ci gaba a KBM Chelyabinsk yankin. A hadaddun model na D-9R yana da, a da biyu makamai a lokaci guda "Dabbar" zane amfani da sojoji tun shekarar 1986.

Wannan makami mai linzami ne halin da biyu main embodiments na kayan aiki:

• MIRV, wanda ya ƙunshi hudu warheads damar 200 kilotons.
• MIRV sanye take da goma warheads 100 KT.

Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa tun a shekarar 2007 da data makamai masu linzami da aka hankali maye gurbinsu modified version kira R29RM. A wannan yanayin, kawai daya bambance-bambancen samar fama kayan aiki - shi ne guda takwas warheads wanda ikon ne 100 KT.

F-30

P-30, mafi alhẽri da aka sani da "Bulava", shi ne mafi zamani Rasha ci gaba. Ballistic m-propellant makami mai linzami ne aka yi nufi da za a sanya a kan submarines. Wannan makami mai linzami da ake ci gaba da Moscow Cibiyar thermal Technology.

Da makami mai linzami da aka sanye take da goma nukiliya tubalan na mutum shiriya suke iya maneuvering tsawo da kuma hanya. Operating kewayon da makami mai linzami ne ba kasa da 8000 km da duka jħfa-nauyi na 1150 kg.

inganta harkokin ci gaban

A 2010, wata yarjejeniya da aka sanya hannu, a karkashin abin da makaman nukiliya yuwuwar na Rasha da kuma Amurka za su hankali rage kan gaba har shekara bakwai. A musamman, shi amince da cewa jam'iyyun za su cika da hani a kan gabatarwar dabarun m makamai, kamar haka:

• yawan makaman nukiliya m da kuma zargin a kan tura ICBM da BPRL ya kamata ba fiye da 1.550.
• jimlar yawan tura SLBMs, IDB da kuma nauyi m kada ta kasance fiye da 700 raka'a;
• jimlar yawan da ba-tura ko tura ICBM da kuma nauyi m - kasa da 800 raka'a.

gwani ra'ayi

Masana sun lura: a lokacin can ba cewa Rasha ne da fatar sama nukiliya iyawa. A musamman, a karshen shekarar 2012 a Rasha ya samu halartar kimanin 490 tura bayarwa motocin da 1,500 nukiliya warheads tura a kan su.

A cewar hasashen Research Service na Amurka Congress, a cikin aiwatar da wannan yarjejeniya da total number of dako a Rasha za su rage zuwa 440 raka'a, yayin da adadin warheads a lokacin a shekara ta 2017 zai kai 1335 raka'a. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa akwai da yawa daga canje-canje a cikin tsarin ba da lissafi ba. Alal misali, a karkashin sabon kwangila, kowane mutum tura m ne daya naúrar cajin, a lokacin da a gaskiya wannan Tu-160 zai iya kawo a kan jirgin a lokaci guda 12 nukiliya da makamai masu linzami da kuma B-52H - kuma a 20.