Chemicals yara: ban sha'awa gwaje-gwajen

Wannan shi ne wuya, amma ban sha'awa kimiyya, sunadarai, ko da yaushe sa a gauraye dauki daga makaranta. Guys ne ban sha'awa gwaje-gwajen, sakamakon samu abu mai haske launuka tsaya fitar gas ko hazo. Amma da hadaddun Jadawalin sunadarai matakai rubuta kamar kaɗan daga gare su.

Muhimmancin da nishadi kwarewa

Bisa ga zamani tarayya nagartacce a makarantun sakandare gabatar da aikin bincike. Irin wannan abu shirin kamar yadda sunadarai, kuma bai je kada a gane.

Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na nazarin hadaddun rikirkida kwayoyin halitta da kuma warware matsaloli m matasa sunadarai gudanar da aiki honing da basirarsu. Shi ne wani sabon abu da kwarewa a lokacin da malamin halitta a cikin dalibai amfani a kan batun. Amma talakawa aji malami da wuya a sami isasshen kayayyakin lokaci ga wadanda ba misali gwaje-gwajen da hali gwaje-gwajen a cikin sunadarai yara kawai sau daya.

Don gyara wannan, shi da aka kirkiro mafi zaɓe na da zaɓe na darussa. Af, mai yawa mutane suke kamu da sunadarai azuzuwan 8-9, zama likitoci a nan gaba, pharmacists, masana kimiyya, saboda a irin wannan matasa sunadarai aji samun wata damar gudanar da gwaje gwajen da kuma zana karshe a kan su.

Abin da darussa suna da alaka da nishadi sinadaran gwajen?

A cikin tsohon kwana, da sunadarai ga yara ne kawai samuwa tare da 8 ga watan sa. Babu musamman darussa ko karin-curricular ayyukan domin yara directional sinadaran da aka ba samarwa. A gaskiya ma, aiki tare da hazaka yara a cikin sunadarai kawai ba ya nan, wanda barnatar nuna a kan halayen ƴan zuwa horo. Yara da taƙawa kuma ba su fahimci hadaddun sunadarai halayen, kuskure a rubutu ionic lissafai.

A dangane da garambawul na zamani da ilimi tsarin ya canza. Yanzu a makarantun abubuwan yara suna miƙa a cikin ƙananan maki. A mutane farin ciki yin wani aiki ne cewa shi yayi da malami, koyi su kusantar da karshe.

ZABI Darussan alaka sunadarai, don taimaka makarantar sakandare dalibai koyi da basira da aiki tare da dakin gwaje-gwaje kayan aiki, da kuma ƙirƙira ga matasa dalibai hada da m zanga-zanga sinadaran gwaje-gwajen. Alal misali, yara koyi da kaddarorin madara, hadu tare da wadanda abubuwa da ake samu a cikin skisanii.

A gwaje-gwajen da suka shafi ruwa

Ban sha'awa sunadarai yara ne ban sha'awa, a lokacin da cikin shakka daga cikin gwajin da suka gani sabon abu sakamakon: juyin halittar gas, mai haske launi, sabon abu aftertaste. Irin wannan abu, kamar ruwa, aka dauke manufa domin da dama ban sha'awa sinadaran gwajen ga dalibai.

Alal misali, sunadarai yara 7 shekara iya fara gano da kaddarorin. Malamin ya gaya wa yara cewa mafi yawan mu duniya da aka rufe da ruwa. Malamin ya gaya wa dalibai da kuma cewa kankana a ta fiye da kashi 90, da kuma a cikin mutum - game 65-70%. Bayan mãsu dalibai game da yadda muhimmanci ruwa ne ga mutum, ba za ka iya bayar da su wasu ban sha'awa gwaje-gwajen. Ya kamata jaddada "sihiri" na ruwa zuwa rikici dalibai.

Ba zato ba tsammani, a cikin wannan harka, a misali sa na sunadarai yara ba ya unsa wasu tsada kayan aiki - shi ne mai yiwuwa a rage samuwan kayan aiki da kuma kayan.

Experience "Ice Needle"

Ga wani misali daga cikin sauki da kuma lokaci guda mai ban sha'awa gwaji da ruwa. Wannan ginin da kankara sculptures - "allura". da ake bukata domin gwajin:

• ruwa.
• gishiri.
• kankara cubes.

A tsawon lokaci - 2:00, don haka a kan wata al'ada darasi wannan gwajin ba ya rike. Da farko, muna bukatar wani tsari don zuba kankara ruwa, ya sa a cikin injin daskarewa. Bayan 1-2 hours, bayan da ruwa da aka canza kama zuwa kankara, da nishadi sunadarai zai iya ci gaba. Don kwarewa da ake bukata 40-50 ƙãre kankara cubes.

Da farko, ya kamata yara su a fadada a kan tebur 18 tubalan a cikin wani nau'i na square, da barin sarari a tsakiyar. Bugu da ƙari kuma su pre yayyafa kowa gishiri, aka yi amfani da hankali ga juna da gluing haka juna.

A hankali, duk da tubalan suna da alaka, da kuma ku ƙarasa da wani lokacin farin ciki da dogon "allura" na kankara. Don yin shi quite 2 teaspoons na sodium chloride, kuma 50 kananan guda na kankara.

Yana yiwuwa, to tint da ruwa, yin launin kankara sculptures. A sakamakon wannan sauki gwajin sunadarai for kids 9 shekaru zama bayyanannu, kuma m kimiyya. Za ka iya gwaji da gluing kankara cubes a cikin wani nau'i na dala ko lu'u-lu'u.

"Iskar" gwaji

Wannan gwajin ba ya bukatar musamman kayan, reagents da kuma kida. Make shi yara iya for 10-15 minti. Domin da hannun jari na gwaji:

• m roba kwalban da murfi.
• ruwa.
• yana nufin don wanka jita-jita.
• sequins.

Kwalban ya kamata a cika 2/3 tare da bayyana ruwa. Sa'an nan kuma ƙara to shi 1-2 saukad dishwashing abu don wanka. Bayan daƙiƙu 5-10 don zuba cikin kwalbar kamar wata pinches na sequins. Tam dunƙule hula, kife cikin kwalbar juye, rike da wuyansa da karkatarwa a cikin kewaye iri na agogo shugabanci. Sa'an nan tsaya a nan, kuma ya dubi a sakamakon vortex. Har irin wannan lokaci kamar yadda wani "babban hadari" tana aiki, dole ka gungura da kwalban 3-4 sau.

Me ya sa ake "babban hadari" a cikin saba kwalban?

Lokacin yin da yaro madauwari vortex motsi faruwa kama da tornadoes. The juyawa da ruwa a kusa da cibiyar ne saboda centrifugal karfi. Malamin ya gaya wa yara game da yadda m babban hadari a yanayi.

Irin wannan kwarewa ne gaba daya lafiya, amma bayan da sunadarai yara ne da gaske ba dama kimiyya. Don gwaji ya fi daukan hankali, shi ne mai yiwuwa a yi amfani da colorant, msl, potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate).

Gwaji "kumfa"

Shin kana so ka gaya wa yara abin da wani nishadi da sunadarai? Shirye-shiryen yara ba da damar malamin biya haraji to da darussa na kwarewa, wannan shi ne kawai babu lokaci. Saboda haka mu magance cewa tilas ba ne.

Almajirin na na farko maki da gwajin zai kawo mai yawa tabbatacce motsin zuciyarmu, da kuma yin shi yiwu ga 'yan mintoci. Za mu bukatar:

• ruwa soaps.
• jar.
• ruwa.
• bakin ciki waya.

A cikin wani gilashi, Mix daya bangaren ruwa da sabulu da shida sassa ruwa. Ninka karshen karamin yanki na waya a cikin wani nau'i na zobe, lowers shi a cikin wani sabulu cakuda, kuma a hankali cire daga mold, da kuma cikin ƙaho kumfa kyau da kansa.

Domin wannan gwaji, kawai dace waya, ba da ciwon nailan Layer. In ba haka ba, duka kumfa yara iya ba.

Don da yara shi ya fi ban sha'awa, za ka iya ƙara abinci canza launi sabulu bayani. Za ka iya shirya wani gasar tsakanin dalibai sabulu, sa'an nan sunadarai yara za su zama haqiqa bi. Malamin haka ya gabatar da mas'ala ta yara da mafita, solubility da kuma dalilin da ya sa bayyanar kumfa.

Nishadi kwarewa, "Ruwa Shuka"

Don fara, malamin ya bayyana muhimmancin ruwa ga Kwayoyin a rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. Shi ne ta hanyar ta faruwa sufuri da na gina jiki. Malamin ya nuna cewa, a yanayin saukan wani kasa adadin ruwa a jiki na dukan abubuwa masu rai mutu.

da ake bukata domin gwajin:

• ruhu fitila.
• shambura.
• koren ganye.
• mariƙin for gwajin shambura.
• jan karfe sulfate (2);
• beaker.

Wannan gwaji za bukatar 1.5-2 hours, amma a sakamakon sunadarai yara na bayyana a mu'ujiza, sihiri alama.

Koren ganye da aka sanya a cikin wani bututu kulla a cikin mariƙin. A cikin harshen da wani ruhu fitilar 2-3 sau da ake bukata don zafi da dukan tube, sa'an nan shi ne yake aikata kawai ga wani ɓangare inda kore ganye.

Glass ya kamata a sanya sabõda haka, da gaseous abubuwa saki a vitro, fada cikin shi. Da zarar dumama aka kammala, to sakamakonsa na maniyyi a cikin ruwa kofin, ƙara fari hatsi na anhydrous jan sulfate. A hankali da farin launi vuya da kuma jan sulfate zama blue ko blue.

Wannan kwarewa take kaiwa zuwa cikakken ni'ima yara, saboda kala abubuwa canza a gaban idanunsu. A ƙarshe, da kwarewa na malamin ya gaya wa yara game da irin wannan Properties kamar yadda hygroscopicity. Shi ne saboda ta ikon sha ruwa tururi (danshi), fari da jan sulfate, ta sauya launi zuwa blue color.

Gwaji "Magic Wand"

Wannan gwaji ne dace gabatarwa azuzuwan zaɓe na shakka a cikin sunadarai. Pre na tace takarda bukatar sa star-dimbin yawa preform kuma jiƙa shi a cikin wani phenolphthalein bayani (nuna alama).

A lokacin gwaji kanta a haɗe zuwa "sihiri Wand" star aka farko na nutsa cikin zurfin bayani Alkali (msl, sodium hydroxide bayani). Yara ganin yadda a 'yan seconds ta ya canja launi, da kuma bayyana haske Crimson launi. Bugu da ari, a canza launin form aka sanya a cikin wani acid bayani (ga gwaji zai zama mafi kyau duka amfani da hydrochloric acid) da kuma magenta canza launi vuya - alama sake zama colorless.

Idan gwajin da aka za'ayi ga yara, a cikin shakka daga cikin gwajin da Malam ya ce "sinadaran hikaya." Alal misali, gwarzo na labari iya zama m kadan linzamin kwamfuta wanda ya so ya san dalilin da ya sa, a cikin wani sihiri ƙasar sun yi yawa haka haske launuka. Malamin ya gabatar da manufar "nuna alama" for 8-9 graders da bayanin kula, abin da Manuniya za a iya bayyana wani acidic yanayi, da kuma wanda abubuwa da ake bukata domin sanin da alkaline yanayi mafita.

Experience "Jin fito daga cikin kwalbar"

Wannan gwaji ya nuna ainihin malami, ta amfani da musamman fume kaho. Experience dangane da takamaiman Properties na mayar da hankali nitric acid. Ba kamar da yawa acid, mayar da hankali nitric iya jurewa da wani sinadaran dauki tare da karafa shirya a jere karfe aiki bayan hydrogen (sai dai platinum, zinariya).

A tube wajibi ne a zuba shi kuma ƙara da wannan yanki na jan karfe waya. Karkashin kaho tube shi ne mai tsanani, da kuma yara duba bayyanar tururi "Ginger gin."

Domin maki 8-9 malamin ya rubuta lissafi sinadaran dauki allocates alamun da hanya (canji na launi, abin da ya faru na gas). Wannan kwarewa ba dace da zanga-zanga a waje da makaranta na sinadaran hukuma. Bisa ga aminci da dokokinta, shi shafi yin amfani da kaho, tun da nau'i-nau'i daga nitrogen oxide ( "kasa-kasa gas") wakiltar wani hatsari ga yara.

dabbobi gwaje-gwajen

Domin whet cikin sha'awa na dalibai a cikin sunadarai, yana yiwuwa a bayar da wani gida gwaji. Alal misali, gudanar da wani gwaji kan girma lu'ulu'u na gishiri.

The yaro dole ne a shirya wani cikakken bayani na sodium chloride. Sa'an nan, ya sa shi a cikin wani bakin ciki twig, kuma akalla evaporating ruwa daga cikin bayani akan wani reshe zai "girma" lu'ulu'u na gishiri.

Jar na bayani ba za a iya girgiza ko juya. Lokacin da makonni 2 ya girma lu'ulu'u, a sanda dole a sosai a hankali cire daga cikin bayani da kuma bushe. Kuma a sa'an nan, idan so, da samfurin da za a iya rufi da varnish.

ƙarshe

A cikin makaranta manhaja akwai wani karin ban sha'awa batun fiye da sunadarai. Amma domin cewa yara ba tsoro na wannan hadadden kimiyya, malamin ya kamata a ba a cikin aikin da isasshen lokaci da nishadi da kwarewa da kuma wani sabon abu gwaji.

Shi ne na m basira, wanda aka kafa a cikin shakka wannan aikin, kuma zai taimaka wajen rura amfani a kan batun. Kuma a cikin ƙananan maki suna dauke da nishadi kwarewa ga GEF matsayin mai zaman kanta zane da kuma gudanar da bincike.