Kwayoyin cutar amfani da cutarwa. Kwayoyin cuta a cikin rayuwar mutum

Kwayoyin cutar - mafi yawa mazaunan duniya duniya. Su lugar shi a zamanin da da kuma ci gaba da zama a yau. Wasu jinsunan ko da sun canza kadan tun sa'an nan. Kwayoyin cutar amfani da cutarwa a zahiri kewaye da mu a ko'ina (har ma da shiga cikin sauran kwayoyin). Tare da wani fairly m single-celled tsarin, su ne daya daga cikin mafi, watakila, tasiri siffofin namun daji, da kuma tsaya fita a musamman daula.

gefe na aminci

Wadannan micro-kwayoyin, kamar yadda suka faɗa, kada nutse a cikin ruwa da kuma wuta bai ƙone ba. Zahiri jure yanayin zafi har zuwa da 90 digiri, misãlin, babu oxygen, matsa lamba - high da kuma low. Za ka iya gaya cewa sun sa wata babbar halitta ajiye ƙarfi.

Kwayoyin cutar da amfani da kuma cutarwa ga jikin mutum

Yawanci, kwayoyin cuta ne m inhabiting jikinmu, an yi sakaci. Saboda su ne don haka kananan, cewa ba ze da wani gagarumin darajar. Waɗanda suka yi zaton haka ne sun fi mayar kuskure. A kwayoyin ne da amfani da kuma cutarwa ga wani dogon lokaci, kuma abin dogara hanya, "karkashin mulkin mallakar" wasu kwayoyin, nasarar co-zama tare da su. Na'am, sun ba za a iya gani ba tare da taimakon kimiyyan gani da hasken wuta, amma ba za su iya amfana ko cutar da jikin mu.

Wanda yake zaune a cikin hanjinsu?

Likitoci suka ce cewa idan ka sa tare kawai da kwayoyin da cewa rayuwa a cikin hanjinsu, kuma ku auna nauyi - samu wani abu a kusa da uku kilo! Tare da irin wannan babbar runduna ba za a iya watsi da. A cikin mutum hanji ci gaba da fada da yawa kwayoyin, amma kawai wasu jinsunan akwai sharadi gwargwado ga rai da rai. Kuma a cikin tsarin juyin halitta ko da kafa wani m microflora, wanda aka tsara domin gudanar da muhimmanci physiological ayyuka.

"Mai hikima" makwabta

Kwayoyin cuta a cikin rayuwar mutum da dogon taka muhimmiyar rawa, amma har sosai kwanan nan, wani mutum game da shi, kuma ba tsammani. Suna taimaka wurin shugabansu a narkewa da yin daban-daban ayyuka. Mene ne waɗannan ganuwa makwabta?

dindindin microflora

99% na yawan mazaunin a cikin Gut. Su ne mabiyin magoya bayan da mutum da wasu mataimaka.

• Babban m kwayoyin. Names: Bifidobacterium da Bacteroides. Su saran rinjaye.
• Shafi m kwayoyin. Names: Escherichia coli, enterococci, lactobacilli. Adadin su ya zama 1-9% na jimlar.

Kana bukatar ka sani, cewa, a daidai m yanayi, duk wadannan wakilan na hanji Flora (togiya - bifidobacteria) zai iya haifar da cutar.

Abin da su ke yi?

Babban aiki na wadannan kwayoyin cuta - don taimaka mana a kan aiwatar da narkewa. An lura da cewa wani mutum da matalauta abinci mai gina jiki na iya faruwa dysbiosis. A sakamakon - stagnation da malaise, maƙarƙashiya, da kuma sauran inconveniences. Lokacin da maido da ma'auni na ikon cutar yawanci recedes.

Wani aiki na wadannan kwayoyin cuta - tsare. Su za a tabbatar da cewa duk wani m kwayoyin. Don tabbatar da cewa "bare" ba ya shigo cikin al'ummar su. Idan, misali, a kokarin shiga cikin Gut pathogen dysentery - Shigella sonnei, suka kashe ta. Duk da haka, shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa wannan zai faru ne kawai a cikin jikin wani gwada da lafiya mutum, tare da mai kyau rigakafi. In ba haka ba - hadarin tasowa ƙaruwa muhimmanci.

fickle microflora

Aƙalla 1% na jiki ta m mutum waɗanda ake kira opportunistic microbes. Su fickle microflora. Karkashin al'ada yanayi, suka yi wasu ayyuka da cewa ba kawo lahani ga mutum, aiki da mai kyau. Amma a wasu yanayi na iya bayyana kansu kamar yadda kwari. Wannan shi ne yafi staphylococci kuma daban-daban namomin kaza.

Sāke wuri a cikin narkewa kamar fili

A gaskiya ma, cikin dukan narkewa kamar fili ne m da kuma maras tabbas microflora - kwayoyin da amfani da cutarwa. Esophagus qunshi wannan mazaunan, kamar yadda a cikin baka rami. lactobacilli, Helicobacter pylori, Streptococcus, namomin kaza: kawai wasu ne resistant zuwa acid a cikin ciki. A cikin kananan hanji kuma shi ne sparse microflora. Mafi yawa daga cikin kwayoyin ne a cikin ciwon. Saboda haka, defecating, mutumin da yake iya ware fiye da 15 tiriliyan kwayoyin a cikin yini!

Rawar da kwayoyin cuta a cikin yanayi

Yana kuma, ba shakka, mai girma. Ware wasu duniya ayyuka ba tare da wanda duk rayuwa a duniya lalle ne, dã dogon da suka wuce sun daina wanzuwa. A mafi muhimmanci - tsafta. Kwayoyin cutar ciyar a kan matattu kwayoyin samu a yanayi. Suna, a ainihi, wani irin aiki kamar yadda janitors, ba kyale tara adibas na matattu Kwayoyin. Kimiyance ake magana a kai a matsayin saprotrophs.

Wani muhimmin rawar da kwayoyin cuta - hallara a wani worldwide wurare dabam dabam na abubuwa a cikin ƙasa da tẽku, a. A duniyarmu, duk kwayoyin halitta a cikin biosphere canjawa wuri daga daya kwayoyin zuwa wani. Ba tare da wasu kwayoyin cuta da cewa mika mulki kawai ba zai yiwu ba. Invaluable rawar da kwayoyin cuta, misali, a cikin zagayowar da haifuwa na wannan wani muhimmin kashi a matsayin nitrogen. A cikin ƙasa akwai wasu kwayoyin da cewa yin amfani da nitrogen a cikin iska nitrogen taki ga shuke-shuke (kwayoyin da suke zaune a asallanta dama). Wannan symbiosis tsakanin shuke-shuke da kwayoyin da aka yi karatu da kimiyya.

Saka hannu cikin abinci, sarƙoƙi

Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, da kwayoyin cuta - mafi yawa mazaunan biosphere. A, bi da bi, za a iya, kuma ya kamata shiga a cikin abinci sarkar, muhimmi yanayi na dabbobi da kuma shuke-shuke. Hakika, ga wani mutum, misali, kwayoyin ba da babban ɓangare na rage cin abinci (sai dai idan za a iya amfani da a matsayin abinci ƙari). Duk da haka, akwai kwayoyin da cewa ciyar a kan kwayoyin cuta. Wadannan kwayoyin, bi da bi, ya kuma ciyar a kan sauran dabbobi.

cyanobacteria

Wadannan cyanobacteria (da aka sani data kwayoyin fundamentally ba daidai ba daga kimiyya ra'ayi) iya samar da wata babbar adadin oxygen ta photosynthesis. Da zarar kan wani lokaci da suka fara saturate mu yanayi tare da oxygen. Cyanobacteria ci gaba da samu nasarar yin haka a wannan rana, forming wasu daga cikin oxygen a yau yanayi!