Howitzer D-30: hotuna da kuma bayani dalla-dalla

Howitzer - harbi da bindiga, wanda aka tsara domin jefa wuta. Dalilin iya taru na maƙiyi ma'aikata located bayan da ta wucin gadi, ko na halitta shinge.

Dole ne in ce cewa jefa wuta za a iya amfani da su hallaka bunkers, tank cikas, bunkers da kuma sauran iri maƙiyi kufaifan. Saboda da babban nauyi da kuma ikon da irin wannan makamai ne sosai tasiri ko a mountainous ƙasa. Yawanci, da harbe-harben da howitzer aka gudanar na musamman daga cikin rufaffiyar matsayi, kamar yadda yana daukan lokaci mai tsawo domin su muhallinsa.

Yau za mu iya bayyana a cikin shahararrun howitzer D-30, wanda ya shiga sabis na Soviet sojojin a farkon 60s na karshe karni.

prehistory

An sani cewa mafi tartsatsi a filin yaƙi howitzers samu a lokacin yakin duniya na farko. Gaskiyar ita ce, yayin da yadu aikata dabara na positional yaƙi, domin wanda aka halin da-sanye take da garu matsayi na takaddama jam'iyyun.

Saboda haka, a fadar sojojin tsaya a kan howitzer 152 mm zamo makamai (na gargajiya ma'auni ga Soviet da kuma Rasha sojojin hanyar). By hanyar magana, wadannan makamai baya amfani domin kāriyar Moscow a 1941!

A Soviet Army howitzers suka yi yawa. Gauges su ma daban-daban. Mene ne musamman mai ban sha'awa. Manyan-zamo makamin da aka yi amfani da kawai zabe rabo daga cikin Guards. Saboda haka, howitzer B-4, wanda ya nan da nan ya zamo kamar 203 mm, kasance wani ɓangare na musamman howitzer regiments. Sun ruwaito kai tsaye ga manyan umurninSa. Su aiki da aka mai yawa da kuma gwajin kwari tabbatarwa daga cikin manyan bindigogi raka'a a duk manyan m da kuma tsaron gida Lines.

Yadi manyan bindigogi abun ciki zuwa tsaya a kan ta makamai 152mm zamo howitzers. Jami'in guda dogara 122mm zamo bindigogi. Gaskiyar cewa irin makamai sun sauƙin, amma saboda An yi wani m motsi. A fannoni da dama, shi ya bayar da shahararsa ta wannan D-30. Howitzer, da harbe-harben zangon wadda wuce dozin kilomita, za a iya bauta wa wani gwada da kananan lissafi, kuma domin da sufuri ba ya bukatar wani na musamman kayan aiki.

Yakin duniya na II

A wannan lokaci da wuya babban rundunar howitzer, wanda ya tsaya a kan makamai na Red Army, shi ne shahararren M-30. Its zanen shi ne shahararren m F. F. Petrov. Wadannan makamai suna amfani da ko'ina a kusan dukan aiki fronts na zamanin. Gaba daya a lokacin yaki mun gudanar ya samar da fiye da 17.500 daga wadannan bindigogi, ya zamo kamar abin da yake 122 mm. To, don me shi ba amfani da ya zamo kamar 152 mm? Howitzer D-30, kamar da wanda ya riga, mafi ɓullo da hannu da kuma sauki. Wannan ya dora m gazawar a kan nauyin ammonium.

M-30 nasara daga wani fasaha ra'ayi, shi ya zauna a cikin sabis da Soviet sojojin har da 60-ies karni na karshe. A general, don maye gurbin da shi, kuma mun tattauna da aka ɓullo da howitzer D-30.

Yana da aka halitta a cikin shuka zane ofishin lambar 9, wanda ya jagoranci da ci gaban da aka riga aka sani Fedor Petrov. A peculiarity wannan makami kunshi a gaskiyar cewa shi aka ɗauke shi zuwa sabis a tsakiyar "roka albarku" a lokacin da kokarin Khrushchev ga misali igwa manyan bindigogi janar aka kusan sa m giciye. A general, gaskiya cewa howitzer D-30 da aka sa a cikin sabis a lokaci, da gaskatashi, da mafi bayani dalla-dalla.

tebur

Abin da sauran Shots iya amfani da howitzer D-30? Armor-sokin projectiles da incendiary irin. The sama ne babban fasaha halaye na kida. Kamar yadda ka gani, howitzer D-30 domin ta lokaci da aka quite m na'urar.

zane

Musamman ban sha'awa flitches da ciwon quite ban sha'awa da kuma asali zane. Gaskiyar cewa mafi yawan bindigogi wannan aji, akwai biyu gado, yayin da 122 mm howitzer D-30 yana kawai uku. A fãta shimfiɗaɗɗa jihar, sai suka samar da wani kyakkyawan dandali kan wanda wani kayan aiki iya kunna sojojin dukan uku zuwa hudu mutane da gubar hari hari a 360 digiri. Hakika, wannan wani ci-gaba zane na mast da qaddara hanya zuwa safarar makamai. Ba kamar dukan sauran mutane, da 122-mm howitzer D-30 towed ganga gaba. Musamman ga towing kai tsaye a kan akwati an bayar da fastening na'urorin. Muna magana ne game da bolster.

kawar da

Wannan katako gun ya shagaltar da ja tarakta domin su m kai. By hanyar magana, a matsayin dirka za a iya amfani da a matsayin wata ƙafa ko a sa ido motocin. Operating umarnin bayyana cewa a kan kyawawan hanyoyi da makami za a iya hawa a gudun 80 km / h, wanda shi ne daya daga cikin matakai ne na D-30. Howitzer, photo wanda akai-akai na faruwa a cikin labarin da yake a cikin tura matsayi da kiwon ƙafafun sama da ƙasa matakin.

Don magance wannan lissafi ake bukata ta soke biyu Yanã shiryar da firam a wani kwana na 120 digiri. Ka lura da cewa a wannan lokaci wani kayan aiki dole ne a tashe ta hanyar yin amfani da wani musamman jack. Sa'an nan, da uku frame ne ma ba daya gefen kuma howitzer m saukar da uwa da ƙasa.

Don samar da immobility bindigogi ba ma barga surface openers used musamman taurare karfe wanda aka hammered a cikin ƙasa ta cikin eyelets a gindi. Ya kamata a lura cewa da canja wurin da rayuwa daga tafiya, domin magance da kuma mataimakin versa ne kawai biyu ko uku minti.

Rufe inji da ganga

To, ta yaya wata ƙõfa sanye take da D-30? Howitzer, photos da ka iya gani a sama, wani misali Semi-atomatik rufe irin (v). Ganga an Threaded, dukkan yi 36 rifling. Tada ko runtse shi, amfani da flywheels dagawa da kuma juya sunadaran.

Don kare lissafi daga harsasai da sartse a gun saka switchboards musamman na'urar. Bugu da kari, da garkuwa da hidima a matsayin mai iko shãmaki muzzle kalaman wanda ya bayyana a lokacin Shots kora, da kuma iya sa rauni lissafi, abin da hidima kayan aiki. A shekarar 1978 howitzer aka hõre zamani, shi ya da ɗan Saukake da kuma inganta a cikin shakka daga abin da garkuwa zane na na'ura da kuma na mast.

A daidai wannan lokaci cikin shirin da aka ƙi da kayan aikin fassara a kan zamo kamar 152 mm. Howitzer D-30 riƙe da asali halaye.

Game da na'urar chock inji

Daya sau da yawa jin tambaya na abin da wani bakon ginawa-up da yake daidai a kan howitzer ganga, gaban kada. Wannan recoil na'urar cewa facilitates aiki na yaki da gun wanda nauyi ne 3.2 tons. An rufe tare da wani m murfin, da fasali da shi kunshi biyu karfe cylinders. A farko daga gare su - a na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa birki cewa slows saukar da lokaci na rollback, na biyu - a hydropneumatic recuperator.

Kamar yadda ka gani daga sunan wannan ginshiki, nan da nan bayan da harbi, ya kõma da ganga da farawa matsayi. Wannan inji ba ne kawai na samar da kwanciyar hankali a lokacin da harbe-harben bindigogi, amma kuma sun fi mayar da prolongs da sabis rai na dukan mast, wanda wajibi ne a sakamakon wani yawa karami inji load.

Al'ada motsi a cikin recuperator - daga 46 zuwa 48 atmospheres. Don yin shi bayarda, za mu iya ba da wani misali na wani al'ada mota tayoyin a cikin abin da daidai wannan lokacin - kawai biyu na yanayi. Game hydraulics, da amfani STIOL-M kamar yadda ta aiki m. Ka lura da cewa shi ne musamman mai guba abu da bukatar daidaito hidima inji.

muzzle birki

Idan ka dubi wani photo a cikin labarin, nan da nan na lura da rabi, wanda aka sanye take da wani gun. Howitzer D-30 na da tsaguwa-dimbin yawa muzzle birki. Ya aka yarda su rage recoil karfi na game da sau biyu. Muzzle birki - m, idan ya cancanta, shi ne da za'ayi da dismantling na kirga sojoji a takaice in mun gwada lokaci. By hanyar magana, a cikin ƙasa na sansanin soja saka howitzer ba tare da wadannan na'urori. Daga cikin wadannan, 12 pm blank harbi kullum.

Nasarawa, siffofi Shots

The harbe-harbe da za'ayi ko ta danna kai tsaye a kan liba na jawo inji, ko da wani na USB, wanda wannan na'urar da aka tsunduma.

A harsasai hada Shots raba loading. Kafin yin volley cikin akwati za a aika zuwa ga harsashi. Bayan da ta ke zuwa wannan propellant cajin a raba hannun riga. Sãɓãwar launukansa da foda auna, za ka iya flexibly canza bukata da harbe-harben kewayo. Kamar yadda muka rigaya muka gani, babban dako ammonium a wani high-m harbi.

Domin ta yi aiki a matsayin nagarta sosai kamar yadda zai yiwu da yawa daga makiya manpower, shi an saita zuwa tsage sakamako. Make shi sauki: tare da fis, wanda aka located a sosai karshen dako, da m hula YAKE Twisted. Idan wannan ba a yi, sai da dako kafin fashewa kadan zurfi a cikin ƙasa. Wannan shi ne musamman da amfani a kuma waɗannan lokuta idan ya zama dole don ya hallakar da masu garu, maƙiyi hari, ko halakar da gindin dakaru ƙasa.

Bugu da kari, akwai lighting, hayaki, da kuma sauran yakin neman iri Shots. Kamar yadda na farfaganda bawo a cikin warhead ba m, amma a fakitin leaflets. Irin wannan fashewar ta auku a cikin iska, da kuma wani irin ruwa na leaflets da dama a kan makiya matsayi.

gani

Idan kana so ka buga makiya sulke motocin, amfani tarawa projectiles. Hakika, a cikin wannan yanayin wajibi ne a gudanar kai tsaye wuta. Don yin wannan a matsayin da nagarta sosai kamar yadda zai yiwu, da zanen kaya sun bayar da wata dama zuwa Dutsen musamman Tantancewar gani. A manufa tsawo na mita biyu harbi ne zai yiwu a nesa na 860 mita. Ikon 122-mm dako a cikin wannan harka isa ga wasu raunuka da kusan dukan zamani MBT (babban yaƙi tank).

Domin harbe-harben daga boye matsayi da panoramic gani irin. Dole ne in ce cewa a cikin manyan bindigogi fasaha irin wannan harbi da aka gani mafi wuya, kamar yadda shi na bukatar da lissafi na horo. Ya kamata a lura da cewa harbe-harben a cikin wannan yanayin ne ya dace kawai bayan da wani na farko tunani da topographic alama.

The mafi girma mataki na fasaha gane harbi yanayi a cikin mountainous ƙasa inda ake yin nauyin ne sau da yawa ake buƙata fuskantarwa na rana. Yana da muhimmanci a lura da cewa a lokacin da harbe-harben daga rufe matsayi da muhimmanci sosai da daidai kuma dace aiki na hukumomin leken asiri, wanda sun kasance m, ciki har da na gani tracking dace volleys. A wannan yanayin, da harbe-harben da kewayon howitzer D-30 aiki a matsayin wani Scout a mai kyau a maimakonsu, kamar yadda suka iya yi aiki covertly, ba tare da bada tafi da wuri da abokan gaba.

Airborne sojojin

Da dabaru na musamman da faduwa da laima howitzer aka tsara don paratroopers. Ya kamata a lura cewa wannan makami ba shi da za a magance - marufi ne mai sauki, za a iya yi da wani mutanena su ka na sojojin for 'yan mintoci.

Kula cewa howitzer D-30, TTX wanda aka tattauna a cikin takarda, aka yi amfani da, a cikin halittar wani kai-propelled Sau "furen karnesha". Igwa karbi dan kadan modified, wadanda ba m muzzle birki. Har yanzu, da haihuwa howitzer ne a cikin rundunar fiye da 50 ƙasashe. Yana da aka yi amfani a kusan dukkan manyan soja rikice-rikice a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Yana kiwon wannan makami a Afghanistan, Iraki, Siriya da sauransu. D.