A Brief History of Karate a duniya da kuma Rasha

Karate - shi ne ba kawai ma'adanin na fada, shi ne wani salon, yana da cikkaken falsafar da cewa taimaka wa mutum ganin interconnectedness na abin da yake a cikin duniya, taimaka wajen cimma jituwa da yanayi, sãme shi a cikin rãyukansu, kuma a cikin alakarta da sauran mutane.

A Japan, sun ce cewa Karate - ita ce hanya ta zabi ga m mutane da kuma tafi, ta hanyar da shi lokaci-lokaci cikin ransa. Wadannan jarumi rãyukansu kowace rana turawa da iyaka, bayan da aka zaba shugabanci, karfafa da kuma tempering jiki da kuma ruhu, ba karshe ganowa wani sabon ikon.

A tarihin fitowan da Martial Arts

A farkon bayanai game da tarihi na Karate kwanan baya a 1761 shekara. Wannan rana tana nufin Cecina Nagamine a cikin littafinsa, mai suna "muhimmai na Okinawan Karate-yi." To, yana da wani Martial art sananne ga dukan matsayin "Tode", wanda aka fassara daga Japan nufin "Sin akwatin".

A kasa za ka sami wani taƙaitaccen tarihin Karate - irin su da kiyaye su hadisai.

A zamanin da ya rayu a kasar Sin jirgin saman soja mai suna Kusanku wanda da zarar ya nuna masa babban fasaha da kuma ikon a kasar Sin dambe, masu kallo za su murna ta sabon abu da kuma na musamman dabara na kama. Wannan shi ne wani alamar ga tarihi na Karate a Okinawa taron ya faru - mafi girma a tsibirin, wanda aka located a cikin tarin tsiburai na Ryukyu a Japan. A wuri na tsibirin da kawai a yankunan da cinikayya hanyoyi, kuma shi ne game da wannan nesa daga Korea, Japan, Taiwan da kuma China. Duk wadannan jihohi sun kullum a yaki da juna don mallaki Ryukyu tarin tsiburai, don haka kowane mutum na tsibirin ya kasance jarumi, sau da yawa a cikin ƙarni da dama. A XV karni a cikin wannan yanki akwai da ban a dauke da makamai, saboda haka sojoji a Okinawa daga tsara zuwa tsara inganta su fama basira ba tare da shi.

A ƙarshen XVIII karni, kamar yadda tarihin Karate, Sokugavoy master a garin Shuri Te farko makaranta da aka bude a cikin azuzuwan wanda aka ya ɓadda. Matsamura Shokun kasancewa a Okinawa Koli kula da tarbiyyar Martial Arts, kuma shirya wata makaranta da sunan "Shorin-Ryu Karate" (Shorin - matasa gandun daji), wanda aka mamaye m horo da kuma halin kirki da ilimi shugyo. A rarrabe da makaranta sun m motsi da kuma m rawar daji. Matsamury Almajirin nan kuwa sananne ga tsibirin duka da waje Asato Anko, wanda, bi da bi, ya zama mai jagoranci Funakoshi Gichin.

Kuma yanzu Funakoshi Gichin da ke dauke da kafa Karate. Ya, ba shakka, ba kansa ba? Ir? Ira wannan nau'i na Martial Arts, amma wannan mutumin da ya hade, tace da aka jera hanyoyi daban-daban na kasar Sin hannunka zuwa hannunka fama da halitta sabon nau'i na Karate-Jujutsu yaƙi, wanda aka fassara daga Japan nufin "ma'adanin na Sin hannunka".

Funakoshi karo na farko ya nuna duniya Karate jujitsu a lokacin, a lokacin da aka gudanar a birnin Tokyo Martial Arts Festival a 1921. Kawai dozin shekaru a matsayin sabon halitta nau'i na gwagwarmaya ya sami m shahararsa a Japan, wanda ya kai ga gano m daban-daban makarantu.

Karate: tarihi da sunan

A shekarar 1931, wani majalisa na "babban iyali na Okinawan Karate", a cikin wanda aka yanke shawarar cewa kowane style, abin da ya bayyana a lokacin, yana da 'yancin zama. Har ila yau a cikin majalisa mun yanke shawarar ba wani sunan da irin wannan Martial Arts, domin akwai wani yaki tare da kasar Sin a lokacin. Hieroglyph "kara", kira a matsayin "kasar Sin", ya maye gurbin da hieroglyph, wanda aka karanta a matsayin da kyau, amma wõfintattu nufi ba. Har ila yau, ya maye gurbin "jutsu" - "art" a cikin "kafin" - "hanya." Sai ya juya daga sunan da aka yi amfani da wannan rana. Yana sauti kamar "Karate" da aka fassara a matsayin "hanyar da komai a hannunka".

History of baza da ci gaban Karate a duniya

A shekarar 1945, lokacin da Japan rasa yaki, da Amurka zama hukuma dakatar a tsibirin kowane irin Japan Martial Arts. Amma Karate aka dauke da Sin gymnastics da kuma kauce wa ban. Wannan ya bayar da gudunmawar zuwa wani sabon zagaye na ci gaba da Martial Arts, wanda ya kai ga halittar a 1948 na Japan Karate Association, karkashin jagorancin Funakoshi. A 1953, don horar da Elite raka'a na US Army a Amurka ana kiran su zuwa ga mafi shahara Masters.

Bayan gasar wasannin Olympics a birnin Tokyo a shekarar 1964 Karate tsiwirwirinsu m shahararsa a duk faɗin duniya. Wannan, bi da bi, ya kai ga halittar Duniya Union of Karate-yi Organizations.

Karate Nufa

Da farko, a cewar tarihin Karate, wannan irin Martial Arts halitta a matsayin Martial art, da kuma nufi kawai don kare kai ba tare da makamai. Karate Nufa - don taimaka da kuma kare, amma ga maim kuma ba m.

Rarrabe fasali na Karate

Ba kamar sauran Martial Arts, akwai rage girmanta lamba tsakanin mayakan. Kuma domin su kayar da abokan gaba, ta amfani da iko da kuma m naushe matsayin hannayenku da ƙafãfunku a cikin m maki na jikin mutum. Akwai da dama rarrabe siffofin da wannan irin Martial Arts da suke a matsayin barga low sigogi da wuya tubalan, kazalika da a nan take miƙa mulki ga counter a lokaci guda m da kuma iko yajin. Kamar haka walƙiya ya auku a kan guntu hanya tare da mai girma taro na samar da makamashi a batu na tasiri, da ake kira kime.

Tun Karate - da farko tsaro, duk da mataki nan yana farawa da tsaro. Amma bayan shi, da kuma wannan shine jigon Karate ya zama walƙiya sauri mayar da martani ga harin.

Principles ga yin amfani da dabaru

Ga daidai amfani da daban-daban dabaru a Karate samar da wani yawan ka'idojin. Daga cikin su: kime, ake magana a kai a sama. bazara muhallinsu - mafi kyau duka zabi na wuri. Hara - dangane da tsoka ƙarfi da ciki makamashi. dzesin - kafa dake raba ruhu. Duka wannan yana gane ta shafe tsawon motsa jiki m "Kata" darussan da kuma a ashana "Kumite". Tsakanin Kata da kumite a daban-daban styles da kuma makarantu na iya zama wani ma'auni, da kuma iya bayar da son zuwa ko dai darasi ko ta faɗa.

Styles na Karate

Yau, da dama da ɗari daban-daban styles da aka sani a duniya. A Karate raba-akai ya fara daga lokacin da aka kafa ta. A yawa na mutane daban-daban da hannu a cikin wannan Martial art, da kuma duk wanda ya kai wani babban matakin, ya sa shi da wani abu na kansu. Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura da cewa wani salo, ya rayu har zuwa yanzu, ko ta wani hanya a lamba tare da daya daga cikin wadannan yankunan:

1. Kempo - Sin-Okinawan Martial art.

2. Karate dzyuttsu - Japan version na fama a cikin ruhu na Motobu.

3. Karate-do - Japan falsafa da kuma pedagogical version a cikin ruhu na Funakoshi.

4. Sport Karate - ko dai lamba ko Semi-lamba.

Akwai da dama styles cewa bukatar da za a lura.

1. Daya daga cikinsu - Shotokan (Shotokan). Its kafa - Gichin Funakoshi, amma mafi girma taimako ga ci gaban da salon gabatar da dansa Giko. Daban-daban tsauri da kuma mai kuzari ƙungiyoyi, kazalika da barga tsayawar.
2. History of Kyokushin Karate ta fara a 1956. The kafa ne a Korean-haife Masutatsu Oyama (ya yi karatu a karkashin Gichin Funakoshi). Sunan fassara a matsayin "mai gaskiya ne style." History of Karate Kyokushin nuna cewa babban abu a nan - da fama tasiri, amma ba dawo da kuma ci gaban halaye na kirki.
3. Wado-ryu, ko "jituwa ta hanya." Bisa Hironori Otsuki, daya daga cikin manyan almajiran Funakoshi. Wannan salon yana amfani da mai raɗaɗi seizures ga hannunka, da dabara na guje wa punches, jefa. The girmamawa a nan a kan motsi ƙungiyoyi. Da nufin sparring.
4. Shito-ryu. Founder na style - Kenwa Mabuni. Daban-daban koyo styles daga cikin mafi yawan Kata (game da hamsin).
5. Goju-ryu (translation - "tukuru-taushi"). Founder Gichin style Miyagi. Movement Attack m, aka gudanar a mike line, da kuma kariya game da taushi motsi, da za'ayi a cikin da'irar. Mafi yawa daga duk styles ne da nisa daga m wasanni-daidaitacce a cikin purest siffan.

Karate a Rasha

History of Karate ci gaba a Rasha ta fara da bayyanar mai son kulake da kuma sassan. Su kafa kasance mutanen da suka kasance m isa ya je kasashen waje da kuma je can koyon wannan Martial art. Wildly rare yi wannan irin Martial Arts da spontaneity na rarraba sun kai ga cewa a watan Nuwamba 1978 a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, musamman hukumar ci gaban Karate an halitta. Bisa ga sakamakon da aikin a watan Disamba 1978 Soviet Karate Federation da aka kafa. Tun da dokoki na horo da irin wannan Martial Arts ake kullum da kuma flagrantly keta, Bugu da kari da aka yi da laifuka Code a kan "da alhakin doka horo Karate." Daga shekarar 1984 zuwa shekarar 1989, shi ne a Martial art a cikin tarayyar Soviet tana karkashin ban, wadda aka kafa ta domin yawan 404, bayar da Sports kwamitin. Amma sashe, irin wannan Martial Arts horo, ci gaba da zama karkashin kasa. A shekarar 1989, Disamba 18, Jihar kwamitin Tarayyar Soviet wuce wani ƙuduri yawan 9/3, wanda da lambar oda 404 aka gane a matsayin mara inganci. A halin yanzu a Rasha akwai wata babbar lamba na tarayyar da kuma styles, wanda ake rayayye hada kai da kasa da kasa Karate kungiyoyi.

Falsafar Karate

Idan muka magana game da Karate falsafa, ya kamata a lura da cewa shi dogara ne a kan manufa da Nonviolence. A rantsuwar da Karate kulake ba dalibai kafin horo, sai suyi ba su yi amfani da basira da ilmi da kanta daga cikin mutane da kuma yin amfani da su don samun riba.