A da tauraron dan adam na Saturn, Enceladus. Shin, akwai rai a Enceladus

A da tauraron dan adam na Saturn, Enceladus, Titan, Dione, Tethys, da sauransu - su ne daban-daban a cikin size, siffar da kuma tsarin. Manyan da kuma garin kankara amaryar wata gefe da gefe da kananan da kuma m. Daya daga cikin mafi ban sha'awa abubuwa a cikin tsarin - Enceladus. Binciken ya nuna cewa kashi shida most watã na Saturn yana da wani subsurface teku. Masana kimiyya kira Enceladus mai yiwuwa dan takarar da ganewa na rayuwa a cikin sauki siffofin.

gas giant

Saturn - na biyu mafi girma duniya a cikin hasken rana tsarin. A diamita ne kawai dan kadan baya zuwa shugaba a wannan batun, Jupiter. Duk da haka, da taro na Saturn ba haka ba ne mai girma. Its yawa ne kasa da cewa daga ruwa siga cewa ya daina halayyar ga wani daga cikin taurari a cikin tsarin.

Saturn, kamar Jupiter, Uranus, kuma Neptune, an classified a matsayin gas giant. Ya kunshi hydrogen, helium, methane, ammonia, ruwa da kuma karamin adadin nauyi abubuwa. Saturn mallaka da haske zobba a cikin hasken rana tsarin. Suna hada da kankara da kuma kura. Barbashi bambanta a size: most da kuma mafi rare isar dubun mita, mafi babu fiye da 'yan sentiments.

"Cassini"

A 1997, naúrar "Cassini-Huygens" da aka kaddamar a nazarin Saturn da ta amaryar wata. Ya zama na farko da wucin gadi da tauraron dan adam na gas giant. "Cassini" nuna duniya ba a sani ba Saturn kyakkyawan hadari hotuna, da bayanai a kan tsayawar amaryar wata, da hotuna da surface na Titan muhimmanci gaba da ilimi na masana kimiyya a kan wannan gas giant. The inji har yanzu yana aiki da kuma ci gaba da samar da bayanai zuwa bincikensa. A yawa na "Cassini" ya kuma ce game da Enceladus.

da tauraron dan adam

Gas giant yana da akalla 62 amaryar wata. Ba su da nasu sunayen, wasu saboda da kananan size da kuma sauran abubuwan da ake gano kawai lambobi. The most watã da gas giant - Titan, bi da Ray. Saturn ta amaryar wata, Enceladus, Dione, Iapetus, Tethys, Mimas da 'yan ma suna mai basira manyan a size. Duk da haka, da ban sha'awa na amaryar wata, a diamita ba ya wuce 100 m.

Hakika, daga wannan gungu faruwa da kuma musamman abubuwa. Titan, misali, shi ne na biyu mafi girma a cikin size of duk da tauraron dan adam a cikin hasken rana tsarin (na farko - na Ganymede "suite" na Jupiter). Duk da haka, ta babban alama ne mai matukar m yanayi. A cikin 'yan shekaru, Taurari sun ƙara directed da nesa a kan Rubin ta wata Enceladus, wanda bayanin da aka bayar a kasa.

samu

Enceladus - daya daga cikin mafi girma da Saturn ta amaryar wata. Yana da aka bude na shida. A 1789, sai aka gano by Uilyam Gershel tare da kawo nesa kusa. Watakila, da tauraron dan adam zai zama bude kafin (ta size da kuma wani babban albedo wannan sosai da gudummawar), amma ganin Enceladus hana tunani na zobba da kuma mafi yawan Saturn. Uilyam Gershel lura da gas giant a mai kyau lokaci - da kuma shi ya sanya aka gano yiwu.

sigogi

Enceladus - shida most watã na Saturn. Its diamita ne 500 km, wanda shi ne game da 25 sau kasa da irin wannan siga na duniya. Mass abokinsu baya duniya ne kusan 200 sau dubu. Enceladus ta size bai sa shi kowane fice sarari abu. Bayar da tauraron dan adam da wasu sigogi.

Enceladus yana da babban reflectivity, ta albedo kusa da hadin kai. A dukan tsarin, yana da tabbas da haske abu bayan da rana. Dalilin da star ta haske a cikin zãfi daga cikin farfajiya na Enceladus a duk in ba haka ba. Ya nuna kusan dukkan hasken da ya zo da shi, saboda an rufe a kankara. A talakawan surface zafin jiki na -200 ° C a kan tauraron dan adam.

A sarari suKe na tauraron dan adam da aka located kusa isa ga Saturn zobba. Daga cikin gas giant shi ne rabu da nesa na 237 378 km. Daya juyin juya halin a kusa da duniya abõkinsa sa ga 32.9 hours.

surface

Da farko, masana kimiyya sun ba su da sha'awar a Enceladus haka aiki. Duk da haka, da naúrar "Cassini", sau da yawa a wajen kusa da tsarin kula da tauraron dan adam, ba wani musamman ban sha'awa bayanai zuwa Earth.

Surface Enceladus uneventful craters. Duk da burbushi na fall na meteorites sun mayar da hankali a kananan yankunan. A fasalin da tauraron dan adam suna da yawa laifinsu, folds da kuma fasa. Mafi ban mamaki na ilimi da ake dake kusa da kudu iyakacin duniya na tauraron dan adam. Layi daya da tectonic laifuffukan da aka samu "Cassini" inji a shekarar 2005. Suka kira "Tiger ratsi" domin ta kama wani hoto moustached predator.

A cewar masana harkokin kimiyya, wadannan fasa - matasa samuwar, na nuna tauraron dan adam ta ciki ma'aunan kasa aiki. "Tiger ratsi" 130 km dogon rabu da jinkiri na 40 km. Kumbon sama jannati "Voyager 2" tashi da Enceladus a 1981, bai ga laifuffukan a kudu iyakacin duniya. Da masu bincike bayar da shawarar cewa fasa daidai da shekara dubu, kuma yana da zai yiwu da suka kasance kamar shekaru goma da suka wuce.

zazzabi anomalies

Orbital tashar rajista a wadanda ba misali zafin jiki rarraba a kan surface na Enceladus. Sai ya juya daga cewa kudu iyakacin duniya na cosmic jiki heats up yawa fiye da ekweita. Sun ba zai iya haifar da irin wannan anomaly: yawanci sandunan ne coldest yankunan. Masana kimiyya da hannu a cikin binciken na Enceladus, sun zo ga ƙarshe cewa hanyar dumama - da ciki zafi Madogararsa.

Yana da daraja a ambaci cewa surface zafin jiki a wannan wuri shi ne babban da matsayin da irin wannan yankin karkara na hasken rana tsarin. A da tauraron dan adam na Saturn, Enceladus, Titan, Iapetus, da sauransu - ba zai iya gadara da zafi yankunan a cikin saba ji. A zafin jiki a cikin anomalous zones kawai 20-30º sama matsakaici, Ina nufin daidaita zuwa kimanin -180 ° C.

Astrophysics bayar da shawarar cewa dalilin dumama kudu iyakacin duniya na tauraron dan adam ne a teku, located a bãyan tẽkun.

geysers

Subsurface teku a Enceladus sa kanta ji ba kawai ta gasa da kudu iyakacin duniya. The ruwa bangaren da yake ganin kamar geysers ta cikin "Tiger ratsi". Iko jiragen sama da aka gani a matsayin bincike "Cassini" a shekarar 2005. The na'urar tattara samfurori da kayan kwarara aka gyara. Bincike ya haifar da biyu balanci zato. Kusa da surface daga cikin barbashi tsere daga "Tiger ratsi", dauke da wani babban adadin salts. Sukan nuna kasancewar teku a karkashin surface Enceladus (kuma wannan shi ne batu na farko na masana kimiyya daga data "Cassini"). Tare da wani yafi hakan kudi na fasa an ja barbashi dauke da kasa gishiri. A ƙarshe na biyu: suka samar da wani zobe E to "ƙasa" ne a zahiri located Saturn.

subsurface teku

An m rabo na tsere barbashi ne kusa a abun da ke ciki to seawater. Su tsere a gwada low gudu da kuma ba zai iya zama wani abu ga zobe E Salted barbashi fada a farfajiya na Enceladus. A abun da ke ciki na bursting na kankara da shawara cewa ta source ba za a iya daskarewa ɓawon burodi na tauraron dan adam.

Da masu bincike bayar da shawarar cewa m teku da aka located a zurfin 50 mil karkashin surface Enceladus. An iyakance zuwa daya gefen a wuya core da kuma wani garin kankara alkyabbar - a kan sauran. The ruwa a cikin interlayer a cikin wani ruwa jihar, duk da low zazzabi. Yana ba daskare saboda high gishiri da abun ciki, kazalika da irin yadda wani tidal makamashi da cewa halitta da gravitational filin na Saturn da sauran abubuwa.

The adadin evaporated ruwa (kamar 200 kg kowane biyu) yayi magana akan wata babbar teku yankin. The jiragen sama na ruwa tururi da kuma kankara suna ja zuwa ga surface da samuwar fasa, wanda sa matsin lamba tashin hankali.

yanayi

Atomatik interplanetary tashar "Cassini" samu a Enceladus, da kuma yanayi. An farko rajista magnetometer na'urar a kan sakamako a kan magnetosphere na Saturn. Wani lokaci daga baya, "Cassini" nan da nan gyara shi, kallon giciye abõkinsa Gamma Orionis. Research bincike a yarda su koyi da m abun da ke ciki na Saturn ta garin kankara watã ta yanayi. 65% kunshi ruwa tururi a karo na biyu wuri da aka located a kwayoyin hydrogen maida hankali (kimanin 20%) ana kuma gano carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide da kwayoyin nitrogen.

A tushen ƙari na yanayi da ake sa ran geysers, volcanic aiki ko gas.

Shin, akwai rai a Enceladus?

Samun ruwa a cikin wani ruwa jihar - wani irin wata izinin a jerin yiwuwar wurin rayuwa (hanyar kawai sauki kwayoyin) taurari. A cewar masana harkokin kimiyya, idan teku ƙarƙashin surface na Enceladus ya dade wanzu, tun da haihuwa da hasken rana tsarin, yiwuwar samun rayuwa akwai quite high, bayar da cewa ruwa, kusan duk lokacin da aka kiyaye a cikin ruwa a jihar. Dã tẽku ta freezes lokaci-lokaci, yana yiwuwa saboda m nesa daga hasken wuta, to, a samu damar habitability zama musamman kananan.

Don tabbatar da ko refute zaton na masu bincike yanzu iya kawai bayanai zuwa daga "Cassini" bincike. Ya manufa da aka mika har 2017. Shi ba a san yadda nan da nan za su iya zuwa Saturn da kuma ta tauraron dan adam da na sauran sarari bincike. A nesa daga ƙasa zuwa Enceladus manyan, kuma wadannan ayyukan bukatar m shirye-shiryen da kuma tsawwala ku] i.

"Cassini" bincike ya ci gaba. Ya aka je karatu da gas giant Saturn da kuma tauraron dan adam. Enceladus, duk da haka, bai bayyana a cikin babban jerin ayyuka. Ya lura siffofin sun hada da shi a cikin jerin farko muhimmancin. Babu daya sa ran samun ruwa a cikin wani ruwa jihar a shafin na hasken rana tsarin, inda Saturn da aka located. Photos of geysers a Enceladus, da kuma a 'yan shekaru bayan da aka gano bayyana m. Yana yiwuwa tauraron dan adam surprises ba ƙare har kammala da manufa "Cassini" Astrophysics koyi da yawa fiye da ban sha'awa abubuwa game da wannan garin kankara watã.