A enzyme da cewa yana sa da clotting na jini, abin da yake da sunan?

Kazalika, a lokacin da irin wannan matsala, kamar yadda wani yanke ko soka, warkar da sauri kuma ba tare da matsaloli. Ba mu dora muhimmanci kan yadda za makamashi sosai, kayan da tsarin da hannu don tabbatar da mutunci na jikin mu.

Mene ne coagulation tsarin?

A likita kimiyya na jini coagulation da ake kira "homeostasis." Yana da wani tsari da ya samar da wani ruwa jihar na jini da kuma hana asarar babban adadin shi. Jini ga mutane - shi ne tushen rai, kamar yadda za a iya taimaka zo a cikin duk Kwayoyin na gina jiki. Yana ba kawai amfanin jiki da jiki, amma kuma ya kare da shi. The ruwa a jiki ne ba da yawa, don haka kowane huda ko incision, wanda ya warware da mutunci da jini, zai iya kawo karshen cikin hawaye. Amma zo da taimakon da coagulation tsarin, mafi daidai, ta enzyme da cewa yana sa jini clotting. An kira baƙi da sosai barbashi ruwa platelets.

Wannan tsarin shi ne na musamman, domin shi ne a cikin wani ruwa da jini a ko'ina cikin jini. Da zarar jirgin ruwa da aka karya, nan da nan ya zo cikin aiki daban-daban sunadaran da kuma jamiái rufe da rami a jirgin ruwa. Wannan tsarin ba kawai minimizes jini, amma kuma ya hana shi daga yin amfani da musamman abubuwa. Yadda aka saba, duk tafiyar matakai an adalci, game da shi cikakken yi ko da idan matsalar daga jini lalace.

anticoagulation jini

Dalilin wannan tsarin shine gwada jini clotting. Bayan duk, idan aiwatar da aka ba kayyade, shi zai kai ga wani warwarewarsu wani muhimmin m aiki. Anticoagulant tsarin ne da nufin hana samuwar jini clots ga duk tasoshin zuwa thrombin yi kawai a kan lalace yankunan. Bugu da kari, da anticoagulants a akai ruwa dukan jini da counteracting da hali zuwa danko da kuma thicken da ruwa.

A physiological matakin, heparin, antithrombin, gina jiki, mai hanawa dalilai (anticoagulants wannan tsarin) hana samuwar fibrin, hana tari na erythrocytes, platelets da kuma hana samar kwayoyin thromboplastin. Duk da haka, a matsayin enzyme ake kira jini clotting, da kuma abin da yake da sakamako?

Don me kuke bukatar soke jini clots a coagulation tsarin?

The uku bangaren na dukkan sikelin tsari aiki ne jini coagulation fibrinolytic tsarin. Its aiki ne ta soke data kasance clots. Wannan tsari ne da ake bukata a lokacin da babban aiki da aka kammala, da kuma surface na jirgin ruwa mayar. Hemostasis aka kammala cikin nasara, idan wadannan uku aka gyara na da jini coagulation tsarin ne sbalanstirovano. In ba haka ba akwai wani hargitsi a cikin tsari - yana iya zama fiye da kima zub da jini, ko thrombosis. Irin wannan "Ƙirgar" a lura ga hanta, huhu, marurai, jijiyoyin zuciya da cututtukan zuciya, rheumatism da sauran pathologies.

Ina clotting fara?

Coagulation - wannan canji, da hira da ruwa jini gudan jini jelly tsarin. Tare da wannan alama, na jiki kubutar da kansa daga asarar jini. Idan lalacewa ne kananan jirgin ruwa gudan jini aka kafa (a lokacin da ya fara aiki a enzyme haddasa jini clotting) aiki a matsayin stoppers cewa inganta harkokin hemostasis.

jini clotting auku saboda wani musamman tsarin, wanda yana nufin coagulation hanawa, a jefa abubuwan. An enzyme da cewa yana sa da clotting na jini, kafa kullum. Hanawa aiki a ci gaba da yanayin a bulan:

• 1 lokaci. Ya fara aiki a heparin da antiprotrombinaza.
• 2 lokaci. A aiki zo thrombin hanawa (fibrinogen, fibrin, pretrombin I da na II, thrombin hydrolytic kayayyakin).

A lokacin da dama cututtuka a jiki suna kafa ƙarin hanawa. Domin da yawa shi ya zauna wani asiri da yadda enzyme sa jini clotting. Bayan duk, wannan tsari ya shafi mutane da yawa abubuwan da alama abubuwa. Amma duk sun yi shi ne tsananin aikinsu, idan enzyme hasarar da ikon hemostatics, ko wata 'yar alamar lalacewar da jirgin ruwa zai kai ga m zub da jini.

An enzyme da cewa yana sa jini clotting

Mun siffa cewa abin da muke bukata clotting tsarin, yanzu kadan kasa kunne ga ta physiological sunadaran. Menene sunan da enzyme da cewa yana sa da clotting na jini? Jamhuriyar to wannan tsari da aka thrombin daga wani iyali na trypsin. A lokacin sinadaran halayen, shi abubuwa a kan fibrinogen ta samar da fibrin a cikinsa. An enzyme da cewa yana sa jini coagulation, fibrinolysis, kuma iskar shirya thrombosis, jijiyoyin bugun gini sautin. Da samuwar da enzyme auku a kumburi tafiyar matakai.

Thrombin daga prothrombin auku a matakin karshe na coagulation. Thrombin inganta kunnawa da V, Sabunta, XIII clotting dalilai. Yana yana hormonal Properties nuna a lokacin a lamba tare da platelets da endothelial Kwayoyin. Idan aka haɗa zuwa thrombomodulin wannan enzyme tsaya a nan ba don kashe jini.

Phase na hemostasis: abin da ke da muhimmancin jini clotting enzyme

A musamman alama ne hemostatic ƙulli daga cikin lalace jirgin ruwa. fibrin yarns taimakawa ga samuwar wani thrombus, wanda baya yakan mallaki jini astringent Properties. Menene sunan da enzyme da cewa yana sa da clotting na jini? Sunan ya yi kama da kalmar "jini gudan jini" - thrombin. Shi ne ko da yaushe a shirye su yi aiki, da kuma ga keta m mataki zai fara. Hemostasis ne zuwa kashi da dama bulan:

1. Phase aukuwa prothrombinase. A wannan mataki da kafa nama da jini enzymes, da aiwatar fitowa tare da su asalin at daban-daban gudu. Jini prothrombinase samuwar ya dogara da prothrombinase nama (tsoka enzyme activates dalilai samuwar wani jini enzyme). A wannan lokaci da matsanancin da kuma na ciki inji na jini coagulation.
2. Phase na thrombin tsara. A wannan lokaci, za mu samu amsar tambaya game da yadda za a enzyme sa jini clotting. Prothrombin aka raba cikin sassa da aka kafa trombinaktiviruyuschee abu wanda stimulates da kuma aiwatar da wadannan bulan accelerin.
3. Phase faru na fibrin. Thrombin (wani enzyme da cewa yana sa jini clotting) sakamako a kan fibrinogen, amino acid tsakiyan nonon ya auku.
4. Wannan lokaci ne na musamman a cewa polymerisation na fibrin kuma gudan jini samuwar.
5. Fibrinolysis. A wannan lokaci hemocoagulation ƙare.

"External" phasing

Wannan inji ne sosai rikitarwa da kuma a cikin hãlãye. Da farko, lalace a cikin yankunan lamba tare da jini, thromboplastin kunna factor III. Sa'an nan kuma ya tuba VII (proconvertin) a VII-A (Convertino). A sakamakon wannan dauki taso hadaddun Ca ++ + III + VIIIa, activates factor X, da kuma cewa da aka tuba zuwa Xa. A matsayin sakamako na duk matakai kiwata wani hadaddun, wanda yana da dukan siffofin da nama prothrombinase. Gaban Va nuna gaban thrombin, Factor V-Kunna. Wannan nama prothrombinase sabobin tuba prothrombin zuwa thrombin. Wannan enzyme sa jini coagulation by kunna dalilai V kuma Sabunta, wanda ake bukata bayyanar jini prothrombinase.

"Ciki" jini clotting

Tare da waje ciki clotting fara. Saduwa da sababbu ɓangare na jirgin ruwa, activates Factor XII (XII - XIIa). A daidai wannan lokacin shi kafa hemostatic ƙusa. Active XII activates da factor XI, auku baya XIIa + Ca ++ + Xia + III, wanda rinjayar IX da modified siffofin da wani hadadden. Yana activates X, sa'an nan kuma bayyana Xa + Va + Ca ++ + III, wanda shi ne mai jini prothrombinase. A nan ne wani enzyme sa jini clotting. A rabo a cikin "na waje" da "ciki" shi ne sosai matukar da aka kawai amfani a tsarar masana kimiyya domin saukaka, kamar yadda wadannan matakai suna da alaƙa da.

Da muhimmancin da coagulation dalilai a kan aiwatar da

Mun riga ya bayyana cewa, aiwatar da jini clotting ba ba tare da wani abubuwa, kira dalilai. Wadannan abubuwa ne inherently - jini sunadaran, wanda a kiwon lafiya kimiyya kira dalilai.

• Fibrin da fibrinogen. Fibrinogen aka rage girmanta lokacin da mataki na thrombin.
• Thrombin da prothrombin. Prothrombin ne glycoprotein, shi ne isa jini maida fibrinogen cikin fibrin. Thrombin - wani enzyme da cewa yana sa jini clotting, shi ne kawai ya bi sawun na shi ne bayyane.
• Thromboplastin. Yana yana da wani phospholipid tsarin, a farkon aiki. Shi ne mai babbar takara a matakin farko.
• Ionized alli Ca ++. Rayayye halarci ginshikai na homeostasis.
• Proaktselerin da accelerin (AC-globulin). Da hannu a biyu bulan clotting. Hanzarta yawa enzymatic tafiyar matakai.
• Prokonvertina da Convertino. Wannan gina jiki beta-globulin sulusi da murabba'i. Activates nama protombinazu.
• A Antigemofilichesky globulin (AGG-A). Member na jini prothrombinase. Idan ba wannan furotin, sa'an nan shi tasowa hemophilia. Its a kananan adadin jini, amma yana da muhimmanci ga mutum.
• Antigemofilichesky globulin (AGG-V, Kirsimeti factor). A kara kuzari da kuma activator X-factor.
• Factor Koller, Steward-Prauer factor. Mahalarta prothrombinase.
• Rosenthal factor, jini thromboplastin gada (PPT). Yana accelerates da zargin prothrombinase.
• lamba factor Hageman factor. Shin tura clotting inji. Suna da hannu a cikin kunnawa da sauran abubuwan.
• Fibrinstabilizator Laki-Lorand. Da ake bukata a samar da insoluble fibrin.

Duk wadannan dalilai ne na wajibi ga ta dace clotting a lokacin da wannan tsari na faruwa da sauri kuma yadda ya kamata, ba tare da haddasa jikin mutum matsanancin asarar jini.

Ginshikai na samuwar thrombi

Restoration of lalace tasoshin ba ya faruwa ko ta yaya, shi ya shafi abubuwa da yawa na abubuwa da ake da umarnin a gudanar da ayyuka. Jigon wannan tsari ya ta'allaka ne da cewa akwai komowar coagulation sunadaran da jini corpuscles Kwayoyin. Jini clots suna haɗe da jirgin ruwa bango a lokacin da gudan jini aka shiga ga jirgin ruwa, da kara cire ba ya faruwa.

Lokacin da wani jirgin ruwa da ya lalace, da abu daga gare su da daraja, bayar da tasu gudunmuwar hanawa na coagulation tafiyar matakai. Platelets an canza da kuma hallaka, sakamakon barin procoagulants jini: thromboplastin da thrombin, wani enzyme da cewa yana sa jini clotting. A karkashin mataki na fibrinogen zama fibrin, wanda yana da wani nau'i na tashar wutar lantarki da kuma shi ne tushen da jini gudan jini. Wannan raga don wani lokaci ya zama m. A wannan mataki, da samuwar jini clots iyakar, a jini tsaya.

Coagulation lokaci a matsayin nuni da enzyme aiki

Lokaci daga rauni da kuma dakatar da zub da jini daukan biyu zuwa hudu minti. A enzyme sa clotting na jini a cikin minti 10. Wannan lokacin zai zama gaskiya a cikin al'amarin, idan akwai wani disturbances a cikin manyan tsarin da hannu a cikin tsari. Amma akwai wasu cututtuka wanda clotting tsari ne ragae saukar ko ba zai yiwu ba. Irin wannan hadari pathologies ne hemophilia, da ciwon sukari da sauransu.

A hannu na cikin juyayi tsarin a cikin tsari

Lokacin da rauni ya auku, da jiki aika wani zafi siginar zuwa kwakwalwa. Pain musanya masa tafiyar matakai. Wannan irin kara kuzari taimaka wajen hanzarta clotting. Don da zafi factor aka kara da tsoro da kara qara mataki na thrombin da coagulation. Idan zafi yana aiki wani ɗan gajeren lokaci, da jini clotting enzyme thrombin aiki don haka da cewa koma al'ada yawa sauri, a lokaci guda da hannu kawai reflex inji. Tsawo zafi da ta haɗu da humoral inji na jini clotting, nama waraka ne da yawa a hankali.

Lokacin da fallasa ga m jijiyoyi ko bayan allurar adrenaline clotting ƙaruwa. Duk da yake da sakamako a kan parasympathetic jijiyoyi rage gudu wadannan matakai. Sassan aiki tare da tallafawa juna. Bayan da tsayawa da jini, qara aiki na parasympathetic tsarin, wanda na taimaka wa aiki protivosvertyvaniya.

A endocrine tsarin da zai taimake hemostasis

Duk da gabobin na zuwa da endocrine tsarin, suna da muhimmanci sosai a cikin ayyuka. Hormones ne mai matukar karfi sakamako a kan jikin ta tsarin. Hanzarta aiwatar da jini coagulation hormones kamar ACTH, girma hormone, adrenalin, cortisone, testosterone, progesterone. A retarding sakamako a kan hemostasis bayar da: thyroid-haramta motsa hormone, thyroxin da estrogen. Idan ka karya aiki na hormones iya zama canje-canje a cikin tsari da kuma iya samun tsanani da rikitarwa, wanda ya kamata a tattauna tare da wani gwani.