A fall na Amur River daga tushen zuwa bakin

Babban kogin na da Far Eastern District - Amur. A cewar ta hydrological sigogi shi tsaye a 4th wuri daga cikin 10 mafi girma Rasha koguna. Gaba da shi kawai Likitan mata, Yenisei kuma Lena, wanda yake malala daga kudu na Siberia a cikin tẽku da Arctic Ocean. A bambanci, da Amur ya zaɓi wani daban-daban pool - Pacific, da kuma gudana daga yamma zuwa gabas. Watercourse fara a cikin tudu da bayyana Transbaikalia daga hadakar da Shilka da Argun. Samun 2824 km, da ruwa da Amur kogin zuba a cikin tekun Pacific kusa da garin Nikolaevsk-on-Amur, mikewa tare da bakin tekun na Tatar mashigar. A catchment yankin na kogin kwari na 1855 sq.km. The fall da kuma gangaren Amur River dogara a kan ƙasa: shi ne a cikin sama dutsen, a Lower - lebur.

hydrological sharuddan

dukiya na ruwa ya kwarara a kan karkata surface da aka nuna a wannan sharuddan kamar fall da kuma a tsaye gangara na kogin. Domin tabbatar da dalilin da wadannan sigogi wajibi ne a san elevations na surface (gefen) a kaddamarda maki da kuma nesa therebetween auna tare watercourse. Watermarks ake tsare tsakanin magangara mafi ƙasƙanci tsaye ruwa - a low ruwa.

Fall River - ya wuce matakin a da nisa da tushe daga cikin aya located cirewa. Auna a mikakke raka'a tsawon - a mita ko santimita.

Gangaren kogin - lasafta na lamba darajar ƙaddara da quotient na abin da ya faru River a kan ta tsawon tsakanin tsare maki. Bayyana a matsayin ‰ - da mil (dubbai da lambar) ko% (hundredths).

Bayyana River nuna bambanci da dabara na = h1 - h2 / L, a cikinsa:

I - a tsaye gangara kogin% ko ‰.

h1 - alamar matakin na kogin a saman tsare da rabi m.

h2 - guda, a kasa, m.

L - tsawon kogin tsakanin tsare maki a mita ko kilomita.

Cikakken drop na kogin - bambanci a tadawa a cikin tushen da kuma baki. Ba kome abin da zai zama da ma'ana - dangi, ko cikakkar.

Kaddarance nuna bambanci River - sakamakon rarraba total drop a cikin sauran tsawon.

By darajar da kogin gangara, za ka iya sanin ko abin da irin shi nasa. Domin dutsen kõguna halin da manyan sabawa auna daga dubun santimita zuwa 'yan dubun mita. Domin bayyana qananan sabawa, auna a santimita. Yana characterizes nuna bambanci kwarara gudu daga kogin ruwa.

A Amur kogin

Fadowa daga farkon zuwa bakin ne 304 m Wannan lambar -. Bambanci tsakanin elevations a bakin (0 m - teku matakin) da kuma tushen da kogin.

Fara Cupid - ci da Shilka da Argun. . Hatimi surface a wannan lokaci tare da tsarawa 53 digiri 21.5 minti daya ne 304 m Saboda haka, sauran digo a cikin Amur kogin zai zama: 304 - 0 = 304 m.

Sanin tsawon kogin da kuma fada sami kaddarance a tsaye gangaren watercourse, shi ne daidaita:

I = 304/2824 = 0.107 ‰ taso ko 0,11 ‰.

Wannan yana nufin cewa dangane da shugabanci a cikinsa ya motsa (da yankuna ko map), da kilometer tsawon kogin ruwa matakin surface shi izmenyaeetsya 11 cm. Idan motsi nisa da tushe, da digo a cikin Amur River da kowane kilometer tayi 11 cm. Amma wannan shi ne wani m darajar, kamar yadda idan watercourse gudana tare da surface a wannan kwana na son.

A gaskiya, irin wannan yanayi na waɗansu kõguna na duniya ba ya wanzu a ko'ina. Tashar su dage farawa a cikin daban-daban geomorphological yanayi. Su shafar canzawa na sigogi da kuma fadowa gangara, ko da a lokacin daya daga cikin kogin.

3 sassa (dakatar), dangane da ƙasa da kuma yanayin da ya kwarara rafi da aka raba Cupid. Fada da kuma gangara a Upper, Tsakiyar da kuma Lower Amur daban-daban.

babba Amur

A tushen da ya fara daga mahaɗar tsakãninsu da Argun da Shilka. Wajen da m batu na gabas Coast na tsibirin Mad alama baki 304 m a karshen karɓa. Bakin kogin Zeya - hagu tributary, wanda gudana a 1936 km daga bakin Amur. Saboda haka, da tsawon 888 km na Lower Amur. Tadawa baje tare da tamanin 125 m. Fall River Amour da gangare a cikin wannan yankin da aka 179 m da kuma 0,2 ‰ bi da bi. Character daga ƙarƙashinsu kusa da dutsen rafi - kwarara gudu ne da matsakaita da 1.5 m / s. Da nisa daga cikin tashar a low ruwa daga 420 m ga 1 km.

Middle Amur

Plot maki aka iyakance: babba rafi - r.Zei bakinka (Blagoveshensk) tare da wani alama tsawo 125 m, kasa - da bakinka Ussuri (y s.Kazakevichevo) - tsawo baki rabo tsawon 41 m - 970. Km. Amur Fall River nan ne 84 m, da kuma na gangara (84/970) 0,086 ‰. Wannan yana nufin ƙananan elevations Edge 8.6 cm zuwa 1 km daga cikin kogin. Kwarara gudu 5.5 km / h ko 1, 47 m / s. Channel nisa daga 530 zuwa 1170 m.

ƙananan Amur

Kayyade da nisa tsakanin maki a kan kogin - 966 km (bakin Amur zuwa mahaɗar tsakãninsu a shi Ussury inflow). A'arãf: saman batu - 41 m, kasa - teku matakin 0 m yana nufin cewa drop na Amur kogin a cikin wannan yanki - 41 m Gangara - 0.042 ‰ ... A kwarara kudi a low kwarara 0,9 m / s, a high ruwa zuwa 1.2 m / s. Da nisa daga tashar - daga 2 km (wuraren) zuwa 11 km, da bakinka - har zuwa 16 km.

A hydrological tsarin mulki na kogin

Amur halin high ruwa enrichment: lokaci talakawan shekara-shekara dake kwarara 403 cubic km, da talakawan kwarara kudi a bakin 12800 cubic mita / s.

Main samar da wutar lantarki (har zuwa 80% na kwarara) - bazara da kuma fada ruwan sama shawa. Sauran 20% kasancewa da rabo daga narke da ruwan karkashin kasa, a kimanin daidai percentages.

Meltwater ciyar da kogin daga watan Afrilu zuwa watan Mayu, don haka da ruwan tsufana miƙa da wani karamin girma da kwarara ba sa Yunƙurin zuwa high matakan. Ambaliyar zamani ne yawanci daga shekara zuwa shekara ne a watan Yuli-Agusta. A wannan lokaci, wani lokacin lissafin kudi don 75% na shekara-shekara dake kwarara.

In mun gwada low matakan da alãmarsu (low ruwa) dole a lura cewa, ambaliyar ruwa da su zuwa ƙetare 10-15 m, a cikin sama da kuma tsakiyar rafi, da kuma nisa da tushe - har zuwa 6-8 m Tã ruwan sama hanyar spills Tsakiya da kuma Lower Amur zuwa 25 km kuma high matakan da kiyaye. a kan flooded yankunan up to 70 kwana.

Multi-rana damina a watan Agusta 2013 ya sa catastrophic ambaliyar ruwa, a Amur tasa, ambaliya adam ƙauyuka da ƙasar noma.

Summer low ruwa bayan da bacewar da "tushen" na ruwa (snowmelt a duwãtsu) - a karshen watan Yuni. Kaka - a karshen watan Satumba-farkon Oktoba. Daskare-up ya auku a karshen watan Oktoba - farkon watan Nuwamba. Bude da kankara - bayan na farko da kwanaki goma na watan Afrilu da Mayu.