Polyethylene: dab batu, mabukaci dũkiyarsu da kuma aikace-aikace

Yau, bil'adama ba zai iya yi ba tare da wucin gadi kayan. Bã su da wani yawan musamman halaye samuwa da kuma rage farashin samar. Wata irin wannan abu abubuwa a matsayin polyethylene. Da narkewa batu, kazalika da sauran bayani dalla-dalla ne cikakken cancanci shawara. Yana daya daga cikin mafi nemi-bayan kayan yau. Bugu da ƙari kuma, da sinadaran masana'antu duniya samar da rabi na ethylene, aka nufi ga shiri na polyethylene. Don me ya sa fahimta shi ne don haka rare a yau, ya kamata ka yi la'akari da halaye.

Mene ne abu

A tsarin da polyethylene kwayoyin ne quite sauki. Yana kama da sarkar wanda kunshi carbon atoms. Don kowane na su shiga biyu kwayoyin na hydrogen. A duniya akwai iri biyu na wannan abu. Suka sãɓã wa jũna a cikin tsarin. Wannan da aka nuna a Properties mallaki by polyethylene (a narkewa da kuma tafasar batu, mabukaci). Abin da unites su ne kawai da asali. Dukansu gyare-gyare an shirya daga ethylene.

Nau'i na farko ya kunshi mikakke polyethylene monomers. Mataki na Polymerization ne 5000 ko fiye. Na biyu gyara yana da wani sashe monomers. Suna hada da carbon atoms (4 zuwa 6).

Don ƙirƙirar mikakke polyethylene, amfani da takamaiman catalysts. A Polymerization tsari ya auku a yanayin zafi har zuwa 150 ° C.

halaye na

A thermoplastic polymer wanda aka halin wani shirin hana haske na Layer a lokacin farin ciki, ya bayyana mana polyethylene. Narkewa batu, fasaha halaye na kayan sa shi a rare zabi. Yana crystallizes a cikin kewayon daga -60 zuwa -269 ° C.

Its main m ingancin ne rashin wetting na polyethylene. A gida, ya ba fallasa zuwa iri-iri na Organic kaushi. Har ila yau, shi ba ya amsa a dakin da zazzabi zuwa gishiri da ruwa, acidic da alkaline mafita.

Lokacin da yawan zafin jiki yakan zuwa 60 ° C, da kayan zama m zuwa sulfuric da nitric acid. Da ake ji oxidants ga zalunta da surface na polyethylene, za a iya sa ran halakar da surface Layer. A kayan farawa da za a wetted da ruwa. Wannan ingancin zama dole ga bonding polyethylene.

Polymerization hanyoyin

Dangane da hanyar da Polymerization ethylene, polyethylene ne 3 iri: low, high matsa lamba da kuma mikakke irin abu. Yana kayyade abin da halaye za su yi wani polyethylene. Da narkewa batu, da fasaha Properties na kowane jinsin sãɓawa jũna. Saboda haka, suna amfani da kusan a kowane fanni na mutum aiki.

Polyethylene aka sanya a karkashin babban matsin, mafi m. Ya polymerized m Hanyar. A matsa lamba a wannan cinma 1-3 dubu. ATM. A zafin jiki ne 180 ° C. Oxygen ne da hannu a cikin wannan harka a matsayin Mafarin.

Low yawa polyethylene ne kerarre amfani Ziegler-Natta catalysts. A wannan tsari ma daukan wani ɓangare kwayoyin da sauran ƙarfi. Operating matsa lamba ne a kalla 5 ATM., Kuma da yawan zafin jiki ya wuce 80 ° C.

Ƙirgar (talakawan) polyethylene ne tsaka-tsaki kaya tsakanin dauke jinsunan. Wannan ya shafi ta halaye da dukiyoyinsu. An sanya a matsa lamba na 30-40 ATM. Lokacin amfani metallocene catalysts ne mai yiwuwa a samu wani samfurin na inganta ƙarfi.

Dalilin da bambance-bambance Polyethylene Properties

Sashe macromolecular tsarin kayyade Properties mallaki by polyethylene. Da narkewa batu, yawa, ya dogara ne a kan irin kewaye. A mafi rassan shi na da, da more na roba abu da kasa crystalline kaddarorin da aka samu a cikin fitarwa.

Wannan yanayin ya hana samuwar tsarin denser marufi macromolecules cikas zama 100% na matakin na crystallinity. A kayan ma yana da wani yanayi lokaci. Ya ƙunshi isasshen umurni da rabo daga kwayoyin. A masana'antu Hanyar kayyade rabo daga crystalline da kuma na yanayi bulan. Wannan yanayin rinjayar da kaddarorin da polyethylene.

Saboda haka, cikin fim, wanda nuna low-matsa lamba, mafi permeable fiye da na sauran jinsinta. A mafi girma da crystallinity (kwayoyin nauyi), da hakan inji yi. Saboda haka, kamar yadda wani fim abu ne m da kuma na roba. Duk da haka, polyethylene zanen gado ne m, kuma opaque.

sakamakon zazzabi

Ƙarƙashin rinjayar muhalli ingancin canji, wanda aka bai wa polyethylene. Da narkewa batu na wannan abu ne ma da dogara a kan hanya na samar. A general, da polyethylene lokacin tsanani da shigarsu dama, saukarwa. Na farko, ya zama mai taushi, na roba. Ya aka sauƙi maras kyau da inji tsoma.

Brittleness zafin jiki a da matsakaici hasarar da ƙarfi polyethylene halaye ne 70 ° C. Tare da kara ƙara da kayan softens more. A gaba daya hasarar da muhimmi siffar lokacin tsanani da sama 120 ° C. A abu shi dai ruwa a zazzabi na 130 ° C.

Bugu da kari ga dumama zazzabi, shi wajibi ne don la'akari da tasiri na ultraviolet radiation. Idan kayan da ake amfani da waje kayayyakin, dole ne ka zabi wani karfi iri-iri. In ba haka ba, m, na roba polyethylene bayan shekaru na aiki a karkashin hasken rana kai tsaye zai zama da wuya da kuma gaggautsa. Ko da launi na kaya canje-canje a kan lokaci.

High yawa polyethylene

Kowane iri-iri na kayan, akwai na musamman halaye. Wannan kara da kewayon aikace-aikace, wanda yana da polyethylene. Narkewa batu (high yawa) ne 120-135 ° C. A wasu maki na zafi juriya ne 110 ° C. High kwayoyin yawa inganta thermal da kuma buga juriya.

Bugu da kari ga wadannan halaye, low yawa polyethylene ne kasa mai saukin kamuwa zuwa sinadaran hari. Duk da haka, da} arfin yawa na kwayoyin a low yanayin zafi, yin abu gaggautsa, shi ya zama permeable ga tururi, gas.

Wannan irin abu yana da kyau dielectric halaye. Shi ne ilimin m amma an sauƙi sarrafa a cikin masana'antu samar.

Low yawa polyethylene

Wannan kungiyar hada da wani m, hur polyethylene. Narkewa zafin jiki, crystallization Properties ba da damar shi daga high-ƙarfi, zafi-resistant kayayyakin. Dangane da irin iya samun daban-daban yawa. Su narkewa zafin jiki ne daga 60 zuwa 90 ° C.

Kamar yadda na baya irin abu, high-yawa polyethylene ne mafi m idan wani kwayoyin nauyi qara. Shi ne kasa yiwuwa ga sinadaran, ultraviolet da tasirinsa. Amma shi na rage ikon jure tunkaro. A wannan polyethylene a mai tsanani sanyi fasa, karya. Yana zama permeable zuwa vapors da kuma gas.

Irin wannan abu ne ma ba mai kyau dielectric halaye. Ya ba ya nuna juriya ga fats, mai. Amma wannan abu ne iya ƙunsar da radiation bim. Ilimin, wannan abu ne ma inert, amma da sauki aiki.

Amfani da low-yawa polyethylene

Tabbatas da muhimmi ingancin kayan ikon yinsa, daga abin da yake polyethylene. Narkewa batu (na yin amfani da wannan siga ake bukata a lokacin da zabi kowane abu) sa yin irin wannan abu marufi da kwantena. A mafi yawan lokuta, da ganga ne kerarre ta buga gyare-gyaren. Wadannan iya zama kwantena ga kayan shafawa ko turare, abinci marufi.

Gwangwani da kuma ganga daga low-yawa polyethylene amfani a mota da kuma sinadaran masana'antu, a yi man fetur tankuna da ganguna.

Samun bugun samar da marufi fina-finai na wannan abu. An yadu amfani a samar da bututu, da sarewa kayan aiki. Yana da wani cheap, kuma m abu. Shi ne iya kau da Domin kara m kayayyakin daga kasuwar.

Aikace-aikace na high-yawa polyethylene

Polyethylene, wanda shi ne kasa da narkewa zafin jiki fiye da na baya jinsunan, da ake amfani da a samar da fina-finai don aikin noma, masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci da sauran masana'antu dalilai. Ya bukatar ne kullum girma.

Daban-daban fina-finai domin aikin gona dalilai na iya samun wani ƙarin ƙarfafa, da launi ne ma daban-daban. Suna amfani da greenhouses, filayen don inganta inganci da yawa daga cikin amfanin gona.

Abinci fina-finai, da kunshe-kunshe a duk faɗin duniya suna cinyewa da kome a kan wani babban sikelin a kowace shekara. Wannan irin abu ne hambararren daga babban kasuwar segments kayayyakin daga sauran kayan.

tsarin amfani

Polyethylene, narkewa batu wanda ya kira da ikon yinsa a duniya a babban bukatar. A tsarin da kayan amfani ne quite ban sha'awa. 60-70% na polyethylene amfani zuwa tsirar da zanen gado da kuma fina-finai.

Har ila yau, babban ɓangare na jimlar fitarwa zauna da articles samu ta hanyar allura gyaren ko ta hanyar extrusion. Dan kadan fiye da samar da rufi for lantarki wayoyi, bututu da kuma kayan aiki. polyethylene kuma amfani da samar da articles ta buga gyare-gyaren, da sauransu.

A samar da zanen gado da kuma fina-finan da ake kusan ko da yaushe yi amfani da babban matsin polyethylene (low yawa). Suna kerarre a hanyoyi daban-daban. A fim kauri ne a cikin kewayon 0.03-0.3 mm, da kuma zanen gado - 6.1 mm.

Bugu da kari ga marufi, na wani abu na iya sa sacks, bags, liners ga masu ɗebo, kwalaye da kuma wasu kwantena. Da kaddarorin ake bukata daga cikin samfurin, sanin Hanyar samar da polyethylene. A karshen samar da kowane irin abu da ake sa na da. Ya taimaka wajen zabi da hakkin irin abu domin kowane masana'antu.