Art da al'adu na Renaissance. Fice Figures na Renaissance: jerin

Renaissance (Renaissance) ya maye gurbin tsakiyar zamanai da dade har zuwa haske. Shi ne na mai da muhimmanci a tarihin Turai. Daban-daban irin wadanda mutane al'adu, da kuma humanism da anthropocentrism (da fari akwai wani mutum). Figures na Renaissance kuma canza ra'ayoyinsu.

Takaitacciyar

Kafa wani sabon al'adu ta hanyar dangantaka da jama'a ya canza a Turai. Musamman shafa ta fall na Byzantine jihar. A da yawa daga cikin Rumawa yi} aura zuwa kasashen Turai, tare da su suka zo da wata babbar dama na ayyukan art. Babu wannan ya saba wa na da Turai, da kuma Kozimo Medichi, burge, halitta a Florence Academy of Plato.

Rarraba birni-jihohin jagoranci wani yaduwa na azuzuwan, wanda suka nisa daga mulkin gargajiya tsakaninsu. Waɗannan sun haɗa da sana'a, bankers, yan kasuwa da sauransu. Su ba su dauke su na da dabi'u da aka kafa da coci. Wannan sa a humanism. A karkashin wannan ra'ayi yakan haifar da wani falsafa shugabanci, wanda ya wadãtu da mutum a matsayin mafi girma da daraja.

A ƙasashe da dama suka fara nunawa wadanda mutane kimiyya da kuma cibiyoyin bincike. Su bambanci daga na da suka rabu da coci. Yana sanya wani babban motsi a cikin XV karni, da sabuwar dabara na bugu. Wannan sanya shi mafi kuma mafi sau da yawa bayyana shahararren Figures na Renaissance.

Samuwar kuma yawan

Na farko ya bayyana a Renaissance Italiya. A nan sai ya fara nuna alamu a XIII da XIV ƙarni. Duk da haka, da shahararsa a lokacinsa ba nasara, da kuma kawai a cikin 20s na XV karni shi ya iya samun wani qafafunku. Da sauran wurare a Turai, Renaissance yada yawa daga baya. Shi ne a karshen karni, da heyday wannan Trend.

A gaba karni shi ne rikicin na Renaissance. A sakamakon ya kasance fitowan Mannerism da Baroque. All Renaissance ne zuwa kashi hudu lokaci. Kowace daga cikinsu gabatar nasu al'ada, art.

Protorenessans

Shi ne tsaka-tsakin lokacin daga tsakiyar zamanai da Renaissance. Yana za a iya raba biyu, saukarwa. A farko dade a cikin rãyuwar Giotto, na biyu - bayan mutuwarsa (1337). A farko da aka cika da mai binciken a wannan lokaci da aka yi da haske Figures na Renaissance. A na biyu da aka gudanar a layi daya ga m annoba cewa azaba Italiya.

Artists na Renaissance na zamani sun nuna basira, yafi a sassaka. Musamman iya bambanta Arnolfo di Cambio, Andrea Pisano da Nicola da Dzhovanni Pizano. Zane-zane na lokacin wakilta biyu makarantu, wanda aka located in Siena da Florence. A babbar rawa a cikin zanen na zamani taka leda Giotto.

Renaissance Figures (artists), musamman ta hanyar Giotto, karfe a cikin zane-zane na addini jigogi a Bugu da kari ga tabawa da kuma wadanda mutane.

A cikin wallafe-wallafe, a juyin juya halin sanya Dante Aligeri, wanda Ya halitta sanannen "comedy". Duk da haka, zuriyar sha'awa, da ake kira ta "Divine Comedy." Sonnets na Petrarch (1304-1374 gg.), Rubuta a cikin lokaci tsiwirwirinsu m shahararsa da kuma ya zama mabiyin Dzhovanni Bokkachcho (1313-1375 gg.), The author of "Decameron".

Known Figures na Renaissance Italian zama halittawa da wallafe-wallafen harshen. The ayyukan wadannan marubuta sami daraja fiye da kan iyakoki na ƙasarsa ta bayyana lokacin rayuwarsu, da kuma ƙarshe duka aka kira da dukiyar duniya wallafe-wallafe.

Period Early Renaissance

Wannan lokaci tsawon shekara tamanin (1420-1500 gg.). Figures na farkon Renaissance bai daina da yawan 'yan baya, amma karfe a cikin aikinsa ƙarasa da na gargajiya tsufa. A hankali, suka koma daga na da da tsoho ka'idojin. Wannan sauyin ya shafa da canje-canje a cikin rayuwarsu da kuma al'adu.

Italiya ta da cikakken bayyana ka'idojin gargajiya tsufa, da kuma a wasu ƙasashe har yanzu makale a cikin hadisai na Gothic style. Kawai a cikin tsakiyar karni XV Renaissance shiga cikin Spain da kuma arewa da Alps.

A cikin zanen, a sama da dukan, ya fara nuna da kyakkyawa da wani mutum. Farkon lokacin da yafi wakilta aiki Botticelli (1445-1510), kazalika da Mazachcho (1401-1428).

Musamman shahara sculptor Donatello ne lokaci (1386-1466). A cikin ayyukansu mamaye da hoto irin. Donatello kuma karo na farko tun lokacin tsufa halitta mai sassaka na wani tsirara jiki.

A mafi muhimmanci da kuma sanannun gine-ginen da lokacin da aka Brunelleschi (1377-1446). Da ya gudanar ya hada Roman kuma Gothic styles a ayyukansu. Ya tsunduma a cikin shiri na chapels, majami'u da kuma manyan gidãje. Har ila yau koma Tsoho gine.

A lokacin da High Renaissance

Wannan lokaci ne mai flowering na Renaissance (1500-1527). Italian Art Center is located a Roma, amma ba a cikin saba Florence. Dalilin wannan kuwa shi ne sabon Paparoma Julius II. Ya kasance wani enterprising kuma suka yi niyya hali, a lokacin da ya tsaya a papal kursiyin zuwa kotu zo da mafi kyaun al'adu Figures na Renaissance.

A Roma, ya fara yi na m gine-gine, da yawa sculptors haifar Masterpieces da cewa su ne kayan ado na duniya na art a zamaninmu. Writing zo frescoes da kuma zane-zane da cewa fascinate da kyaunsu. Duk wadannan sassa ne masu tasowa art, taimakon juna.

A binciken da na tsufa da ake zama zurfi. Duk da more daidai sãke da al'adu na zamani. A lokaci guda kwantar da tsakiyar zamanai maye gurbin playfulness a art. Duk da haka, Figures na Renaissance, jerin wanda shi ne m, kawai ranta wasu abubuwa na tsufa, da kuma dalilin da samar da naka. Kowane na da rarrabe fasali.

Leonardo Vinci

Known adadi na Renaissance ne watakila Leonardo Vinci (1452-1519). Wannan shi ne mafi m hali na zamani. Ya yi karatu zanen, music, sassaka, kimiyya. A lokacin rayuwarsa, Vinci ya iya ƙirƙira da yawa abubuwan da suka zama wani ɓangare na mu rayuwar yau (keke, laima, tank, kuma haka a). Wani lokaci ya gwajen ƙare a faduwa, amma shi ya faru saboda gaskiyar cewa wasu daga cikin sabuwar dabara, yana yiwuwa a ce gaba da lokaci.

Mafi yawa daga shi aka sani, ba shakka, godiya ga film "Mona Lisa." Masana kimiyya da dama har yanzu neman a ta daban-daban ta asĩri. Leonardo bari 'yan dalibai.

Late Renaissance Period

Shi ne karshe mataki a cikin Renaissance (daga 1530 zuwa 1590-1620 da shekaru., Amma wasu malamai mika shi zuwa 1630, m rigingimu tashi saboda wannan).

A kudancin Turai, yayin da motsi ya fara bayyana (Counter), suke nufin ya mayar da yawa daga cikin cocin Katolika da kuma bangaskiyar Kirista. Duk da Chanting na jikin mutum ba yarda da shi.

Da yawa rikice-rikice sun sa a gaskiyar cewa ya fara bayyana rikicin na ideas. A sakamakon da rashin zaman lafiya a Renaissance addini Figures fara rasa jituwa tsakanin mutum da yanayi, tsakanin corporeal da kuma ruhaniya. A sakamakon ya kasance fitowan Mannerism da Baroque.

Revival a Rasha

Renaissance al'ada a wasu yankunan na da wani tasiri a kan kasar mu. Duk da haka, tasirinta da aka iyakance zuwa isasshe manyan nesa, kazalika da Rasha al'adu da aka makala don Orthodoxy.

A farko m, da Renaissance paved hanya zuwa Rasha ya Ivan III, wanda a lokacin da yake lokaci a kan kursiyin ya fara kira da Italian gine-ginen. Tare da su zuwa, sabon abubuwa da kuma gina fasahar. Duk da haka, wata babbar juyin juya halin a gine bai faru ba.

A 1475, na maido na ɗauka Cathedral aka tsunduma ta Italian m Aristotle Fioravanti. Ya hakikance ga hadisai na Rasha al'ada, amma kara wa aikin ikon yinsa.

By da XVII karni saboda da tasiri na Renaissance Rasha icons zama mai idon basira, amma a lokaci guda, artists bi duk tsoho canons.

Ba da da ewa, Rasha ya iya koyi da typography. Duk da haka, da musamman rarraba shi samu kawai a cikin XVII karni. Mutane da yawa daga cikin fasahar da cewa suna kunno kai a Turai, da kuma sauri shigo cikin Rasha, inda inganta da kuma ya zama wani ɓangare na al'ada. Alal misali, a cewar daya jarrabawa, da vodka aka shigo da daga Italiya, shi ya baya modified da dabara, da kuma a 1430 ya bayyana a cikin Rasha version na sha.

ƙarshe

A Renaissance ya ba da duniya da yawa talented artists, masu bincike, masana kimiyya, sculptors da kuma gine-ginen. Daga cikin manyan yawan sunayen za a iya gano wadanda wanda aka sani, kuma mafi ana bikin.

Da masana falsafa da kuma masana kimiyya:

• Bruno.
• Galileo.
• Pico della Mirandola.
• Nikolay Kuzansky.
• Machiavelli.
• Campanella.
• Paracelsus.
• Samman.
• Munzer.

Marubuta da kuma kasida:

• F. Petrarca.
• Dante.
• J .. Boccaccio.
• Rabelais.
• Cervantes.
• Shakespeare.
• E. Rotterdam.

Gine-ginen, painters da sculptors:

• Donatello.
• Leonardo Vinci.
• N. Pisano.
• A. Rossellino.
• S. Botticelli.
• Raphael.
• Michelangelo.
• Bosch.
• Titian.
• A. Durer.

Hakika, wannan shi ne kawai karamin sashi na Figures na Renaissance, amma wadannan mutane sun zama ta personification ga mutane da yawa.