Cikin shahararrun gine-ginen

Bayan kowane gini daraja m. Wannan wuya tuna ko da yayin da ziyartar domin ta shahara kyakkyawa da asali na gine-gine. A halin yanzu, sanannun gine-ginen tasiri cikin ci gaban al'adun babu kasa da marubuta da kuma artists. Sun sha da ra'ayoyi iyo a cikin iska, kuma ba su kayan form. Da gine-gine daidai da jigon da zamanin, ta yanayi da rinjaye falsafa, masu Masterpieces. Game da mutane, gabatar da su a duniya, kuma za a tattauna a kasa.

inspirer na baiwa

Cikin shahararrun gine-ginen da suka gabata immortalized su sunayen, samar da wani gagarumin gini, shahara ga kyakkyawa da yawa ƙarni daga baya. Daya daga cikinsu - Giotto di Bondone. Italian fenta kuma m, aka haife shi a 1267. Ya zama majagaba a gani zane-zane, suka aza harsashin ginin da Italian makaranta na zanen. Giotto frescoes da gumaka ganin darajarsa Leonardo Vinci da Michelangelo.

Wani lokaci sai ya aka yaba da marubucin na Chapel del Arena a PADUA, amma ba dukan masu bincike yarda. Babu shakka cewa Giotto halitta murals cewa ado da babban coci. Babban gine-gine da halittar mayen - da kararrawa hasumiyar Santa Maria del Fiore, Florence ta Cathedral. Giotto bai zama don kammala gina - a 1337, lokacin da ya mutu, aka gina kawai na farko bene na tsarin.

mai zurfin tunani

Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564) sau da yawa fi jerin "Sananne gine-ginen na duniya." Shahararren Italian wani sculptor, Falsafa, artist da kuma mawãƙi ne. Daga gine-gine da ayyukan bayyana wa Medici chapels, Laurentian Library, facade na coci na St. Lorenzo. A cikin aikin gina Roman Palace na majalisar dattijai da kuma Palace na Conservatives. A cikin wadannan zane-gine Michelangelo amfani da wata babbar domin, tare da haske hannunka sa'an nan ya shiga Vogue. A m aiki a cikin shirin daga cikin shahararrun St. Bitrus Cathedral a Roma. Yau Michelangelo ne da gaskiya da ya kira daya daga cikin mafi girma da marinjãya a cikin tarihin 'yan adam.

Gian Lorenzo Bernini

Mashahuri gine-ginen na Italiya ba ya kawo karshen akwai. Michelangelo dauke da magaji na Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini (1598-1680). Ya kasance ba kawai wani m amma kuma wani sculptor da kuma zane-zane. Bernini bambanta da ikon hada da dukan uku siffofin art, da samar da wani guda na gani sarari. Tare da Francesco Borromini da Pietro da Cortona, ya aza harsashin ginin da Baroque gine.

Daya daga cikin manyan ayyukan Bernini - Saint Bitrus Square shiri. Colonnade a gaban ta shahara babban coci - kuma brainchild na m. Ya yi aiki a kan wadanda mutane da kuma addini gine-gine. Idan ka ƙirƙiri wani karshe Bernini sau da yawa na amfani da mai bõyuwa haske kafofin don bunkasa alama samar da sabis. Shi ne marubucin da yawa daga cikin Roman marẽmari ba tare da yana da wuya su yi tunanin da Madawwami City.

Palladianets na Adams daular

Yanzu canja wurin da samfurin zuwa Scotland na XVIII karni. A nan a 1728 da aka haife Robert Adam, daya daga cikin muhimmanci wakilan Birtaniya classicism. Ya kasance daga palladiantsev daular, farkon classicism mabiya a gine. Nauyin style siffofin sun m fasali da kuma yin amfani da canons, kafa a lokacin da tsufa.

Adam halittun da musamman recognizable rubutun hannu. Suna halin lightness da kuma ladabi, m aukuwa neogothic abubuwa. Architect qaddamar da ake kira Adam ta style. Ya ya iya hada ainihin abubuwan da classicism da irin wannan sauƙi, kamar yadda yake na dogon lokaci zaunã a cikin zamanin d ayyuka da kuma san yadda za su yi tunanin ta halittawa.

Yana ta tsira a asalin siffan, kawai 'yan gine-gine Masterpieces na Adam. Daga cikin su akwai masu zaman kansu gidan Kedleston Hall kusa da garin Derby. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, da m aiki, yafi a Edinburgh. A cikin aikin da aka gina jami'a gini a birnin.

Famous Rasha gine-ginen

Kuma a cikin kasar, game da wannan lokaci ya yi aiki Vasily Bazhenov. Architecture sharhi, malami da artist, ya yi falala a kansu classicism da kuma aza harsashin ginin da Rasha na karya. Bazhenov halitta wasu m gine-gine a Moscow da kuma St. Petersburg. Daya daga cikin shahararrun gine-gine a babban birnin kasar a yau - Pashkov House - gina bisa ga zane. Don wannan rana kusan bai sa shi aiki Bazhenov.

A farko m na St. Petersburg ya zama Domenico Trezzini. Ya hũra sabon rayuwa a cikin Rasha gine-gine, kawo tare da shi da Turai al'adar. Trezzini ne marubucin babban adadin Tsarin cewa haifar da saba bayyanar St. Petersburg don mu. Wadannan sun hada da Summer Palace da Bitrus da Great, Bitrus da Bulus Cathedral, goma sha biyu kwalejojin gini inda jami'a aka located a yau.

A St. Petersburg, a shekaru daban-daban aiki da kuma sanannen Rasha gine-ginen Nikolay Aleksandrovich Lvov, Alexander Glebovich Uspensky, Mihail Grigorevich Zemtsov da sauransu. A karshe na wadannan wani almajiri Trezzini. Zemtsov zama na farko da Rasha m birnin a kan Neva. Daga halittun a farkon Baroque nasa Church of St. Saminu da Hannatu, da cascade "Gold Mountain" a Lower Peterhof Park, Anichkov Palace aikin da kuma gaba daya sāke gina bayan Transfiguration Cathedral wuta.

Soviet gine-ginen

Mutane da yawa shahararren gine-ginen na Labor da kuma Tarayyar Soviet. A wurin da rationalists, karkashin jagorancin Nikolai Ladovsky, ku yi jihãdi a cimma objectivity a siffata da kuma qagaggun zo constructivists da suka yi tunani na aikin muhimmanci aesthetization. Fice wakilan karshen kasance Vecino 'yan'uwa. A gagarumin alama a cikin nau'i na Moscow bar Mihail Vasilevich Posohin, tsohon shugaban m na babban birnin kasar daga 60 ta zuwa farkon 80 ta. Godiya ga shi, ya bayyana a birnin Palace of Congresses, CMEA gini, wasanni hadaddun "Olympic" da sauransu.

initiators na style

Home of shahara gine-ginen na lokacin mu ne daban-daban daga cikin ayyukan karshe eclectic. Idan style na baya makarai na Renaissance da kuma na zamani sau domin sanin quite kawai, yau gine-gine da yawa hada abubuwa daga daban-daban kwatance. Duk da haka, eclecticism aka haifa ba a wani injin: shi ya kafa fasali na styles, mafi yawan abin da suka ci gaba a cikin karni na karshe.

Daya daga cikin mafi mashahuri kwatance a gine - high-tech. Majagaba style sau da yawa kira Norman Foster (b. 1935) da kuma "Ofishin hudu." Ya tsara filin jirgin sama a Hong Kong, "Millennium" gada da Gherkin a London. A lokacin shiri na karshe amfani da ake kira akan tantanin ido ci gaba da Rasha m Vladimir Grigorievich Shukhov (1853-1939), wanda Foster, da nasa m, ya ɗauke tsafi. Shukhov halitta na farko a kasar mu mai bututun da kuma matatun mai. Amfani da su domin gina gine-gine, karfe raga harsashi bayan wani lokaci ya zama daya daga cikin fi so abubuwa na wakilan high-tech. Ofishin Foster-tsara gini a Rasha: da maimaitawa na tsibirin New Holland, shi ne a yanzu a karkashin gini na MIBC "Moscow-City".

Cikin jituwa da yanayi

Ya bambanta da hi-tech, sunã tasbĩhi game da yawa na fasaha ci gaba, da style na Bio-tech tayi don ƙirƙirar gine-gine, ba husũma da yanayi, da kuma ci gaba da shi. Mutane da yawa sanannun gine-ginen na yau yana biya haraji ga wannan ra'ayin. The kafa an dauke su da style Antonio Gaudi (1852-1926). Mafi yawa daga cikin ayyukan da ya shahara Spanish m located in Barcelona. Aikinsa - Güell Palace, Casa Mila, Casa Batllo - ba shi yiwuwa ya gauraye da wani abu. Su jũna a rayuwa da kuma motsi. The wahayi zuwa ga master ya halitta. Saboda haka, musamman fluidity na gine-gine, da rashin madaidaiciya Lines, sabon abu siffofi da kuma images. A cikin aikin ne har yanzu kafa Haikalin Tsarki Family, zahiri kama wani yashi castle.

The so ga hadin kai da yanayi - wani hali cewa characterizes ayyukan shahara gine-ginen da suka suna dauke mabiya Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959). Ya aka dauki daya daga cikin mafi m Figures a cikin kasashen waje gine. Reith halitta manufar "kwayoyin gine." A tsakiyar Concepts ka'idar ya kasance da mutunci, kuma tare da hadin yanayi. Gine-gine da Wright, ne a ci gaba da wannan yanayi, suna halin da bude-shirin, da yin amfani da halitta kayan, zane fasali aro daga zamanin d Japan Ibada.

Zamani da kuma functionalism

Babu kasa gagarumin adadi ne Le Korbyuze (1887-1965). Halittun da ayyukan Faransa m ya ba da duniya modernist gine da kuma functionalism. Gine-gine gina Le Korbyuze ba wuya su koyi. Suna halin volumetric raka'a, waɗanda ake ƙãgãwa a cikin ƙasa, lebur rassanta, baranda, kyan gani, elevations, da ake kira free form. Duk wadannan siffofin sun sauri zama wani ɓangare na zamani gine.

Hakika, da sama jerin ne ba duk sanannun gine-ginen. The labari ne sosai tsawo, da kuma jerin ne kullum updated. Mashahuri gine-ginen na lokaci da muke rayuwa, sau da yawa bayyanãwa halittun da Masters na baya, bã da wani hakki a bari.