Ƙaramin baki: yin amfani da dokokin

Babban da kuma Ƙaramin baki haruffa - da haruffa amfani da kowace rana a rubutun. A farko - a babban birnin kasar wasika (babba), da kuma na biyu kasa da ta size (kananan).

A kadan tarihi

Da farko amfani kawai idan rubutu babban birnin kasar haruffa, a cikin abin da da iyakoki (manya da ƙananan) suna fayyace haka. A tsawon lokaci, shi ci gaba da cursive haruffa saya da wani karin taso siffar. Kamar haka ya tashi da tushe daga cikin abin da ake kira Carolingian minuscule wasika, wanda aka ɓullo da masana kimiyya daga Alcuin. Mun yi amfani da shi a farfajiyar Karla Velikogo, da kuma ƙarshe yada wannan sakon fadin Turai. Wannan karo na farko guda rubutu zama dauke da babban da kuma Ƙaramin baki haruffa.

Manya da ƙananan baƙaƙe

A amfani da babban da kuma Ƙaramin baki haruffa ne daya daga cikin mafi wuya da matsaloli na zamani Rasha kuskure. The m canji a gaskiya entails wani canji na rubuta wadannan haruffa. Saboda haka, dole ne ka kullum nazarin sabon bugu na reference books da kuma kamus, wanda dole na gani irin sababbin abubuwa.

Amma, duk da wannan, akwai ka'idodi na yin amfani da babban da kuma Ƙaramin baki haruffa. Suna taimaka wa fahimtar rubuce-rubuce na babban birnin kasar da kuma kananan haruffa ba, ko da kalma a cikin ƙamus ya bace.

Sharuddan amfani da babban birnin harafi

Tare da wani babban birnin kasar wasika da aka rubuta:

• kalma ta farko da cewa tsaye a farkon sentences da kuma texts.
• sunan farko, na karshe sunan, sunan barkwanci, wanda aka ce masa (Maxim Gorky, Serafim Sarovsky).
• moniker dabba (kare Ingvar, Boris bear cat Vaska).
• kowa sunaye, da abubuwa a matsayin adabi harafin (Red Riding Hood).
• nasu Gwargwadon sunan (Turai).
• kowa sunaye, sunan lakabi, aikin da, lakabi da cewa wani bangare ne na wani wuri da sunan (Pine Forest).
• hukuma kalma a farkon yanayin sunayen (Los Angeles).
• mutum astronomical sunan (Mercury, Milky Way, Southern Cross).
• dukan maganar da yin sama da sunayen jam'iyyun siyasa, Enterprises, cibiyoyi kasashen waje da kamfanoni, fãce ga ofishin (da kwamitin sulhu na MDD, da harkokin majalisar gudanarwa, majalisar Turai).
• dukan maganar da yin sama da hukuma sunayen States (da Chechnya Jamhuriyar, Faransa Jamhuriyar).
• kalma ta farko da na sunayen cibiyoyin al'adu da kuma nisha (Moscow Operetta wasan kwaikwayo).
• Sunan saman karrama da babban matsayi, wanda aka nuna a hukuma takardu (da mataimakin shugaban kasar, shugaban kasar na Amurka).
• sunayen abubuwan tarihin da lokutan (tsawon National Revival, Renaissance, Yuli ta ƙungiya).
• kalmomi da suke a cikin farkon sunayen: Tsakiya, Jihar, Rasha, International, Rasha Duniya (da lamuni na bankin).
• kalmar Fatherland, Mahaifa, mahaifiyata, Man, Hope, hikima Center, da sauransu, a musamman stylistic amfani .;
• wakilin suna ka (your) a matsayin wani nau'i na politeness.
• sunayen addini littattafai, addini holidays (Littafi Mai Tsarki, Easter, Fentikos).
• abbreviations, wanda aka kafa daga dace sunayen (United Nations - Majalisar Dinkin Duniya).
• possessive manufofi (da tambaya "wanda?"), dauke da kari na baya baki - a, Female (-ev), wanda aka kafa daga dace sunayen da miyãgun sunãye na laƙabõbĩ na dabbobi (Fedina littafin, Raphael ta Madonna, Ulysses ta tafiya).
• sunan mai wallafe-wallafen aikin, labarai hukumomin, latsa, haka ma, su ya kamata a kasaftawa quotes (labari "Laifuka da azãba");
• sunayen da abbreviations na sunayen masana'antu maki na fasaha kayayyakin ( "Volga", ZIL).
• mutum da jirgin sama sunayen, jirãge, jiragen kasa ( "Titanic" jirgin).

Sharuddan amfani Ƙaramin baki

Ƙaramin baki haruffa idan yana da wani bangaren:

• articles, prepositions, barbashi a Yammacin sunayen da ta dace sunayen (Ludwig baho Beethoven).
• sirri sunayen cewa shine m ko korau kimantawa (sabuwar bayyana Luzhina).
• sunaye kafa daga na sirri sunayen da Surnames (Oblomovism).
• gyara na Turkic da Larabci sunayen cewa nuna dangantaka ko zamantakewa matsayi (Al, zade, roƙa, aga).
• sunayen raka'a, wanda aka bai wa sunan masanin kimiyya (amp).
• kalmar duniya, da wata, da rana, wanda ba ya bayyana astronomical sunayen.
• manufofi dauke da -sk- kari na baya baki denoting m kafa daga dace sunayen (Cech page).
• sunayen lakabi da matsayi (mataimakin ministan, magajin gari).
• Gajartatattun kafa daga kowa sunaye sunayen (high school - kwaleji).

Har ila yau, wani žananan wasika da aka rubuta a cikin sunayen:

• Sashen dazamani da lokutan archaeological al'adu da yanayi dazamani (Mesozoic zamanin).
• posts da lakabobi, kungiyoyin kasa da kasa, kazalika da mafi girma waje zaɓe na cibiyoyin (Sarkin sarakuna na Japan, Manjo-Janar, Ambasada).
• Hukumomin jam'i (Ma'aikatar Rasha).
• breeds dabbobi (kare Keeshond).
• cibiyoyin, waɗanda sunayensu suke ba ta dace sunayen (makaranta №592).

Da ka'idodin da yin amfani da babban da kuma Ƙaramin baki haruffa

Bayan karantar sama dokoki, yana yiwuwa a gano babban ka'idodin waɗanda ake amfani da babban da kuma Ƙaramin baki haruffa. Saboda haka:

• Kasafi na musamman segments na sentences (rubutu) - parsing manufa.
• Kasafi na wasu kalmomi a cikin rubutu:

1) The žananan wasika da aka rubuta a cikin na kowa sunaye, da manyan bakake - a dace sunayen - morphological manufa.

2) babban harafi rubuta mutãnen wani gida sunan, tare da takamaiman alamomin ko pathos (mutumin Fatherland), a cikin sunan hutu (Sabuwar Shekara ta Rãnar Victory) - na ginin jumla manufa.

3) a yi amfani da babban harafi abbreviations hada da farko haruffa.

Wajibi ne a rarrabe tsakanin

Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, aka rubuta a Ƙaramin baki siffa dake dauke da -sk- kari na baya baki denoting akidar da kuma ilimi da a kan nasu madadin. Saboda haka, "Pushkin ta litattafan" an rattaba kalma da Ƙaramin baki wasika. Amma da possessive manufofi da kari na baya baki -sk- muhimmancin suna a cikin girmamawa wani ta memory, an rubuta tare da babban birnin kasar haruffa. Alal misali, "Lomonosov karatu".

Kalma: babban da kuma Ƙaramin baki haruffa

Saboda da m ci gaba da bayanai da fasaha, ya samu m shahararsa Microsoft Office Word shirin cewa shi ne kusan irreplaceable a cikin aiki da kuma ilimi tsari. Amma 'yan mutane san yadda za a yi Ƙaramin baki haruffa babban, da kuma mataimakin versa da daya da tura wata button.

Saboda haka, rubuta a babban birnin kasar haruffa da wadannan rubutu:

"Ƙaramin baki haruffa Rasha haruffa".

Yanzu kana bukatar ka zabi rubutun kuma latsa Schift da F3 keys lokaci guda. Bayan haka, muna samun:

"Ƙaramin baki haruffa na Rasha haruffa."

Bayan latsa hade daga waɗannan maɓallan mu samu wadannan:

"Ƙaramin baki haruffa na Rasha haruffa."

Kuma zuwa ga komawa zuwa source code, dole ne ka sake latsa Schift + F3.