A dace sunan? Yana da fun!

Mene ne dace sunan? Yaya ta bambanta daga wasu sunayen? Don amsa wannan tambaya, dole mu nutse a cikin tarihi na harshe.

A ra'ayi na "sunan" a cikin Rasha harshen nuna cewa ɓangare na jawabin, wanda ake amfani da sunan wani ko wani abu. Wajibi ne domin nuna abu, sabon abu ko mutum a cikin jerin irin wannan. Yawanci, a cikin harshen for cewa amfani na al'ada ko substantivized sunaye. Proper sunan da kowa sunan iya nuna kalmomi, wanda ake daga wasu sassa na magana. Alal misali, a cikin jumlar "wanka" shi ne na farko kalma ne da wani siffa, da kuma "je gidan wanka" a zane - substantivized suna.

Suna - shi ne wani ɓangare na magana (ƙwarai, kai), da manufar wanda shi ne abu sunan, mutumin da abu. Wannan notional alama iya kiran mai rai ko maras rai abubuwa. Suna kuma iya zama nasu, ko da wani na kowa suna. Table, filin, akwatin, saniya, inuwa - sunaye na kowa sunaye. Basil, Moscow, P. - sunaye denoting sunan kansa. A cikin binciken na musamman reshe na kimiyya, da ake kira onomastics.

Proper sunaye - category na sosai m.

Wadannan sun hada da:

• Sunayen mutane (Irina, Nikolay Petrovich Lvov, Marivanna (salon magana.), P.).
• Names of alloli (Zeus, Quetzalcoatl).
• Miyãgun sunãye na laƙabõbĩ dabbobi (irin ƙwaro, Muska).
• Kasa sunayen (Vladivostok, Red Sea, Antarctica).
• Lakabi na littattafai, songs, ayyukan art, da dai sauransu ( "Hot Snow", "Anna Karenina", "Mona Lisa", "Swan aminci").

Bayani yawanci ƙare har a kan wannan rarrabuwa, wanda aka samar da dalibai game da manufar "dace sunan". Kara zurfi nazari ba ka damar raba wannan jinsi zuwa:

• Personal sunayen - waɗanda aka bai wa mutumin bayan haihuwarsa (Lydia, Peter).
• Patronymic (patronymic) (V., S.).
• Names of iyali, ko tribal (da suka hada da sunayen).
• Cryptonyms. Wasu mutanen sanya su ɓõye da real name, da kuma mutum ya kira wasu (zuwa ga wawa da mugayen ruhohi). Wannan zai cryptonym.
• Anthroponomy ko lakabi da wallafe-wallafen ayyukansu.
• Eponyms. Shi ne wannan rukuni za su tambaya a dace sunan tura zuwa wata kasa fasalin bayan wani real gwarzo, ko wani yanci abin bautãwa. Alal misali, Athens, Byzantine Thebes da dai sauransu

Proper sunan, a samansu da sunan (Gwargwadon), fiye kira a matsayin wurin-sunan, da kuma kimiyya, wadda ke nazarin irin sunaye - wuri sunayen.

Place-sunayen kuma za a iya rarraba su zuwa Categories. Wajibi ne a mafi nazarin su.

Daga cikin wuri sunayen bambanta:

• Shiri sunayen ko sunayen kwaminonin. Kuma sunayen da garuruwa ake magana a kai astionimam da kuma kauyuka, kauyuka da kuma karami tsarin - to komonimam. Lions, Bataisk, Sinegorye - astionimy. Kryachko (kauye), Red (farm), Merry (kauye) - komonimy.
• Don hada sunayen hydronyms tafkunan Volga, Black Sea, rafi, da dai sauransu ayukan iska mai ƙarfi.
• Names of duwãtsu ciki oronyms: Ural Mountains, Mount Everest, da Carpathians.
• Urbanoidy (da sunan birnin hada): Pentagon (rare sunan shopping cibiyar a Rostov ne saboda da gine-gine da kamance tare da eponymous kungiyar.).
• Agoronimy (sunan sarari): Red, wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma godonimy (titi sunayen): Shevchenko kwaminis.
• Names of Railway ake magana a kai dromonimam: Arewa Caucasus Railway, da BAM, da Silk Road.
• Sunayen manyan inda ba wanda yake zaune sarari kira horonimami da kuma kananan - microtoponyms.

Akwai cikakken rarrabuwa, da sauran kalmomi cewa mu kira "dace sunan". Alal misali, sunayen jirgin sama ( "Ruslan" "Antey", "Black Shark") kaddamarda da Kalmar "aeronautonimy".

Cikakken rarrabuwa na sunaye karatu a philological ikon tunani.