Ragowa sunaye meaningfully. Lexical da nahawu category na sunaye

Suna - shi ne na musamman da wani ɓangare na jawabin, wanda zai suturta batun da ya bayyana wannan darajar a wannan inflectional Categories, a matsayin harka da lambar, kazalika da taimakon irin, shi ne m category.

Wannan labarin ya tattauna da matakin sunaye da darajar. Za mu bayyana kowane daga gare su, kuma ba misalai.

Suna nufin abubuwa a za'a fadada ma'anarta: sunayen abubuwa (sleds, almakashi, akwatin, bangon, tebur), mutane (mutum, mace, yaro, yarinya, yaro), kayan (cream, sugar, gari), rayayyun kwayoyin halitta da kuma halittu ( microbe, Pike, woodpecker, cat), mamaki, events, facts (play, wuta, da hutu, tattaunawar, da tsoro, bakin ciki), kazalika da procedural da kutse halaye, mai suna kamar yadda raba m abu - da kaddarorin, quality, yanayin, mataki (murkushe bayani, yanã tafiya da gaggãwa, blue, wawa, alheri).

Basic lexical da nahawu category na sunaye

Wadannan asali matakin, wanda ya kasu kashi sunaye: 1) kowa sunaye da ta dace. 2) abu. 3) na gama. 4) da m kuma kankare. 5) matattun da mai rai. Wadannan jini sunaye meaningfully rarraba. Proper sunayen, misali, iya hada sunayen duka biyu matattun da kuma ba da rai abubuwa. Real sunaye cewa nuna a fakaice da taro na wani abu na iya samun na gama darajar (sugar, inabi, cranberries). Specific (duka lexical da nahawu matakin) a hade rai ko maras rai, da ake kira da sunayen abubuwa ne dauke. Akwai sauran misalai. Duk da haka, kalmar da aka hada a daya ko wani matakin na ma'anar sunaye da na kowa morphological, da kuma wani lokacin kalma-samuwar halaye da cewa haɗa kan bangaskiya su.

Common sunaye da ya dace sunaye

Wannan rabo ke faruwa a kan tushen da abu sunayen matsayin aji wakilin ko matsayin mutum. Mallaki duka biyu lexical da nahawu category na sunaye (a cikin wasu kalmomi - "dace sunayen") - kalmomi cewa kiran da mutum abubuwa da cewa ya kasance a cikin aji na kama, amma ba a kansu da wani nuni ga wannan m.

Common sunaye - sunayen, suna kiran da batun da ya hada a wani aji. Wannan lexical da nahawu category suna sunan suturta daidai da yadda m peculiar batutuwa na wannan aji halaye.

Shin mobile kuma m iyaka tsakanin kowa sunaye da ya dace sunayen: kowa sunaye sau da yawa mallaka (code sunayen da miyãgun sunãye na laƙabõbĩ). Nasu sau da yawa amfani da su koma ga irin wannan abubuwa a general, kuma ta haka ta zama gidan sunan: jarumi, Derzhimorda, philanderer.

Proper sunayen a cikin kunkuntar ji

Daga cikin dace sunayen irin wannan jini kasaftawa sunaye meaningfully matsayin nasu a ƙunƙuntaccen ji, kuma a nan. A farko ne astronomical kuma Gwargwadon sunayen da sunayen dabbobi da mutane. Wannan ne - sannu a hankali a bayansa da lexically iyaka iyaka, kunsha na sunayen da aka sanya wa daya batu. Akwai iya zama maimaitawa, daidaituwa (sunayen ƙauyuka, kauyuka, da waɗansu kõguna), su ne kuma in mun gwada high mita tsarin dace sunayen daban-daban mutane da kuma dabbobi.

sunan

Domin abubuwa ta amfani da daban-daban na kowa sunaye ko haduwa da kalmomi. Common sunaye da lexical ma'anar ba a rasa amma kawai ya musanya aiki. Ga misali: jaridar "Izvestia", da shuka "guduma da lauje" iskoki "Lilac". Na iya zama sunayen da ta dace sunayen: da steamer "Ukraine" hotel "Moscow".

gama sunaye

Collective sunaye dokoki raba sallama (lexical da nahawu) daga na kowa sunaye. Daga cikin wadannan su ne zantuttukan da ake magana a kai a sa na dama irin wannan abubuwa, kazalika da bayyana darajar da taimakon daban-daban suffixes: -stv (a) (matasa, dalibai). -iya (nobility, Pioneers). -from (a) (matalauci), da sauransu. Don gama suna tare da wani m ji kuma iya zama a sakamakon sunayen cewa wakiltar wani sa na abubuwa: furniture, shara, kananan soya, fi. Collectiveness bayyana lexical kalmomi, ba kalma-samuwar. A hallmark na wadannan sunaye - cewa ba su da wani jam'i.

real sunaye

Suna kiran daban-daban kayan: kayan (sumunti, gypsum), abinci (sugar, gari, hatsi, mai) irin yadudduka (auduga, karammiski), karafa, ma'adanai (Jade, Emerald, karfe, da kuza, da jan karfe, da baƙin ƙarfe), da miyagun kwayoyi , da sinadaran abubuwa (asfirin pyramidon, uranium), amfanin gona (alkama, dankali, hatsi), da kuma sauran divisible taro yi kama.

Real sunaye, sabanin tattara, da, yawanci suffixes don nuna real darajar. An bayyana kawai lexically.

Amfani da kayan sunaye, ko kuma kawai a mufuradi ko jam'i: cream, turare, yisti. tin, gari, shayi, zuma. Taso kan ruwa suna, mafi yawa ana amfani da shi a mufuradi, shan siffar jam'i, shi tsaye baya daga m lexical siffofin: hatsi (hatsi ko dukan hatsi shuke-shuke), amma hatsi (hatsi iri).

Tsokaci (m) da kuma kankare sunaye

wannan ragowa ake kasaftawa tsakanin sunaye meaningfully matsayin m da kankare. Kankare - wata kalma cewa kira zuwa ga gaskiya, mutane, abubuwa, mamaki na gaskiya, wanda yana iya zama batun banki da kuma gabatar dabam: yaki, yaki, m, zobe, da fensir.
Wannan lexical da nahawu category suna, a cikin wasu kalmomi, wakiltar guda abubuwa da jam'insu.

Fãce sunayen da ciwon ba mufuradi (pluralia tantum), duk takamaiman sunaye da jam'i, kuma mufuradi. Bisa ga morphological halaye na kankare sunaye ba kawai tsayayya wa m. Sun kuma suka saɓa wa real da na gama matakin na sunaye, pluralia tantum. kuma su dabi'u ne ma daban-daban.

Tsokaci (m) - kalmomi da cewa nuna a fakaice m Concepts, halaye, Properties, jihohi da kuma ayyuka: motsi, yanã tafiya da gaggãwa, sirri, kawance, kirki, kama, mai kyau, dariya, na gode. Mafi yawansu suna m da fi'ilai kuma manufofi, sunaye kafa ta amfani da sifili-kari na baya baki (sauyawa, kau, rashin lafiya, haushi), kari na baya baki -skeleton (karye, da kyau s), -stvo (o) (mafi babu, gorin gasar) , -chin (a) / - Shin (a) (yanki-aiki) ism (Adam, hakikanci) -from (a) (hoarseness, kirki acid) da sauransu. Karami part kunshi daban-daban unmotivated kalmomi: ainihi, bakin ciki, ta'aziyya, da baƙin ciki, so, bakin ciki, gari, da tsoro, yanayin, hankali, al'amarin.

Yawancin lokaci akwai wani siffofin jam'i a m sunaye.

Rai ko maras rai sunaye

Sunaye kasu kashi biyu Categories: rai ko maras rai. Ba da rai - sunayen dabbobi da mutane: wani kwari, a Pike, a starling, a cat, wani dalibi, wani malamin, ɗan mutum.

Matattun - sunayen duk sauran abubuwan da suka faru da kuma abubuwa: wani littafi, tebur, bangon, taga, yanayin, koleji, steppe, gandun daji, kirki, zurfin, fitar, motsi, da aukuwar lamarin.

Wadannan kalmomi da wani daban-daban rawa da muhimmanci. Ragowa meaningfully sunaye da su takamaiman halaye. Ba da rai sau da yawa kalma-samuwar kuma morphologically daban-daban daga matattun. Wannan shi ne sunan daban-daban mutane, kazalika da mace dabbobi, wanda sukan m da kalma, da ake kira dabba ko da mutum ba tare da tunani da jinsi ko namiji: dalibi-dalibi, malamin-malami, dalibi-makaranta yarinya, jikan, jikanyar, a Muscovite, Muscovite, zaki -lvitsa cat cat et al.

Yawancin lokaci ba da rai sunaye da morphological ma'anar mata ko maza ne, kuma kawai 'yan - da talakawan, da kuma m semantically ciki a musamman tseren na suna (sai tsakiyar, wanda ake kira ko da kasa da suke zaune halittun: sunan da ba-girma mutum (yaro), ko rubuta sunan dabba, fuska, kwari, dabbobi masu shayarwa, dabba). Rarraba matattun sunaye a uku morphological haihuwa - talakawan, mace da namiji.

Paradigms na matattun da kuma ba da rai sunaye

Paradigms na matattun da kuma ba da rai consistently bambanta a cikin jam'i: mai rai da shi ya samar da accusative hali, daidai da genitive. Misali: babu dabbobi, babu 'yan'uwa (RP), na ga dabbobi na ga yan'uwa maza da mata (VP). Matattun sunaye a cikin jam'i ne accusative daidai da nominative. Misali: a kan tebur ne apples, pears da peaches (IP). sayi apples, pears da peaches (VP).

Mun gani a suna a matsayin wani bangare na jawabin, ragowa da sunaye. Da fatan wannan labarin zai zama da amfani a gare ka. Idan bayanai bai isa ba, muna tabbatar da ganin ayyuka, wanda aka rubuta a kan batun Kochanov ON Discharges sunaye meaningfully tattauna a articles a wasu daki-daki.