A farko gidan kayan gargajiya a Rasha. Wanda ya buɗe farko gidan kayan gargajiya a Rasha?

Sunayen wasu gidajen tarihi Rasha an san kowane dan kasa na kasar mu. Wannan hermitage, da Tretyakov Gallery da kuma curiosities. Wannan karshen ma'aikata - na farko gidan kayan gargajiya a Rasha.

Great ofishin jakadancin na Bitrus I

Bitrus na shiga na kasa tarihi a matsayin kawo canji ga dukan kõme. Shi ya kafa na farko gidan kayan gargajiya a Rasha. A 1698 ya kasance na farko mu sarakuna da aka a Turai. A lokaci guda, ya yi tafiya zuwa kasashen turai a cikin Great Jakadancin asirce haka kamar yadda ba su jawo hankalin da hankali ga mutum.

A lokacin da ya Turai tafiya Bitrus I farko da tunani game da samar da nasa gidan kayan gargajiya. Duk da yake irin wannan cibiyoyin da aka kafa tare da goyon bayan shugabanni. Alal misali, da yawa Jamus sarakuna kiyaye nasu "hukuma na curiosities", wanda kiyaye curiosities daga ko'ina cikin duniya. A nasu harshen ne ya kira gabatarwa majalisar na curiosities. Bitrus sau da yawa kofe Turai a kasarsu. Saboda haka, na farko gidan kayan gargajiya a Rasha kira kawai - curiosities.

Mai sarki bugi Netherlands da kuma Ingila tare da su na zamani samar. A cikin wadannan kasashe, shi ba zhadnichaya, na sayi wani iri-iri batutuwa - littattafai, kimiyya kida, ma'adanai, makamai. Duk wannan ya zama tushen daukan hotuna, wanda zai kiyaye farko gidan kayan gargajiya a Rasha.

A tushe Kunstkamery

Bayan ya dawo gida, Peter ban manta game da ra'ayin. A 'yan shekarun baya ya lashe daga Swedish Baltic Coast. A nan ne St. Petersburg da aka kafa, inda babban birnin aka koma nan da nan. Sarkin so Kunstkamera yi aiki a kan da Neva River. An koma a 1714, ya tarin rarities Summer Palace. Wannan shekara yana dauke da kafa ranar da Kunstkammer. Kafin wannan, da farfado da aka sa a cikin Moscow, a gabatarwa Aptekarskaya ofishin.

A farko gidan kayan gargajiya a cikin tarihi na Rasha da aka hankali cike da sabon farfado. Riga gaba shekara Poroshenko tafi a kan na biyu tafiya zuwa Turai. A Holland, da Sarkin ziyarci sanannen gidan kayan gargajiya na Albert Seba. Wannan harhaɗa magunguna rayuwa tattara daban-daban ma'adanai, da shuke-shuke da bawo. Ya sayar da sanannen baƙi ga mafi yawansu ya Zoological tarin, wanda ya karbi na farko gidan kayan gargajiya a Rasha.

A sabon ginin ga gidan kayan gargajiya

Saboda gaskiya cewa yawan abubuwa ya steadily ƙãra, an yanke shawarar don canja wurin da majalisar na curiosities a cikin sabon manufar-gina gini ga ta. Ginin da aka dage farawa a 1718. The aikin yi mai yawa gine-ginen, kowane wanda ya zama shugaban a wasu batu. Waɗannan su ne: Johann Georg Mattarnovi Nicholas Gerbel da Mikhail Zemtsov.

Construction ne ƙwarai, m, da Bitrus taba gan ya halitta. Ya mutu a cikin 1725, a lokacin da a wuri na Kunstkammer kasance har yanzu danda katangu. A halin yanzu gini da aka bude daga baya. Wannan ya faru a 1734. Wannan aikin ginin yau (located a kan University Embankment). An yi shi a cikin style of Petrine Baroque. A irin wannan ruhu da aka gina duk na farko gine-gine na sabon babban birnin kasar, a lokacin da ta yi kokarin ba da gaske Turai look.

Kafin wannan, da sosai farko gidan kayan gargajiya a Rasha kwana a wucin gadi Kikin Chambers. A nan ne ya aka farko bude ga jama'a.

kasafin kudin cibiyoyin

Shi ne mai manyan biyu-storey gini, wanda, duk da haka, ya ba isa ya saukar da duk farfado. A sabon gidan kayan gargajiya da ba na dindindin kasafin kudin, amma ya samu tallafin daga Salt ofishin, da kuma likita ofishin. A karshen ci amanar ma'aikatansa albashi ne. Su duba a kan aminci da farfado, kazalika da ƙara da tarin.

Abin sha'awa, a 1724, Bitrus da kaina umurce su da su ba 400 rubles shekara bi ga baƙi. Idan muka kwatanta da majalisar na curiosities tare da sauran gidajen tarihi a Turai a wancan lokaci, kuma a can za mu gani a daban-daban hoto. Alal misali, a Dresden a "curiosities hukuma" wanzu saboda caji baƙi. Hakazalika, domin ka "tip" gudana Ashmole Museum a Oxford Turanci.

gidan kayan gargajiya da nufin

A farko gidan kayan gargajiya a Rasha da aka bude ba don azurta kansu, wato, don ilmantar da jama'a a Petersburg m. Mutane da yawa daga cikin manyansu ba su nuna sha'awa cikin kimiyya, wanda ba a son Bitrus. Ya yi fatan cewa, a kalla da free bi karo na farko zuwa Stoke sha'awa cikin surkulle sabon abu. Hakika, da Kunstkammer shi ba ne kawai awo da ya sani na wasu. Isar da shi a ce shi ne a lokacin da shi da farko ya bayyana a cikin babban birnin kasar, yau da kullum da Rasha jarida. A lokaci guda ya buɗe sabon makaranta a Moscow, inda kasashen waje masana da aka gayyata. Mene ne farko gidan kayan gargajiya a Rasha? Hakika, yana da curiosities, wanda tun sa'an nan ya zama cibiyar kimiyya, ba kawai St. Petersburg, amma a ko'ina cikin kasar.

Search farfado a Rasha larduna

An muhimmin taron da aka halittar Academy of Sciences. Wannan ya faru a 1724. Sa'an nan curiosities zo a karkashin aegis na sabon ma'aikata. A zamani alama ce da Rasha Academy of Sciences ne na farko gini na Rasha Museum.

Idan na farko tarin na Kunstkammer sun musamman waje, sa'an nan a kan lokaci da suka fara "tsarma" da m farfado. Kafin motsi zuwa St. Petersburg, Peter bayar da umarni a karkashin abin da Moscow School of m haltta ya tattara tara ga shi.

Bitrus ma kokarin kafa na yau da kullum tarin curiosities a lardin. A 1717, sai ya aika da wani domin Voronezh Kwamandan Stepan Kolycheva, wanda da umarnin a kama, "dabbobi a cikin Registry" da ake bukata domin gidan kayan gargajiya. Hakazalika, Siberian gwamnan Gagarin ya kamata ya aika zuwa St. Petersburg bawo.

kimiyya expeditions

A karshe shekaru ransa, Peter Na musamman sha'awar ma'aunan kasa, Zoological, tarihi, archaeological da bibliographical abu. Foundation na farko gidan kayan gargajiya a Rasha ya zo daidai da kungiyar na da yawa expeditions zuwa Gabas. Mutane da yawa daga cikinsu, suka tafi a search na ma'adanai da ake bukata don ci gaban da m masana'antu. Musamman muhimmanci a cikin wannan ma'ana shi ne Ural - "Stone Belt" a kasar. Geodetic ayyukan da aka ma da za'ayi a kan gaba na Baltic, Caspian, Black kuma Azov Tekuna.

A 1716-1718 gg. kusa Astrakhan shi da aka samu da yawa zinariya da azurfa abubuwa na tsufa. Bitrus I (wanda ya buɗe farko gidan kayan gargajiya a Rasha) suna sha'awar wannan sakamakon bincike. Su aka aika zuwa St. Petersburg. Shi ne mai hadaya kayayyakinsa, suka rage a cikin bakin Volga ga arna sau.

Siberian balaguro Messerschmidt

Na bayar da muhimmanci ga Kunstkammer a cikin farkon shekaru na balaguro da Daniel Messerschmidt. Wannan Jamusanci botanist kuma likita Peter aka aika zuwa Siberia domin farko tattara da yawa musamman abubuwa domin "sarki hukuma." Sarkin sarakuna (wanda ya buɗe farko gidan kayan gargajiya a Rasha) ya Masani game da darajar da Siberian rarities, kuma ya ji cewa ba tare da su curiosities zama m.

Messerschmidt ba kawai tattara rarities, amma kuma ya bayyana rai da harsuna na asalin halitta mutanen wadannan gefuna. Bajamushe masanin kimiyya ya samu daga gida mazauna ciyar yawa da tsuntsaye da dabbobi, wanda ya sa'an nan suka kawo wa St. Petersburg. A lokacin tafiya, Messerschmidt halarci wani iri-iri na birane: Tomsk, Tobolsk, Abakan, Kuznetsk, Turukhansk, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Tyumen, da dai sauransu ...

Mun gode wa kokarin da Kunstkammer sun gagarumin kayan a kan ethnography, adabi da kuma na gani zane-zane na Gabas. A da Mongol kabilu, Sin da kuma sauran Siberian al'ummai. Don tantance muhimmancin da Finds na musamman hukumar da aka tattara. Messerschmidt aka biya duk kudi na tafiya. Har ila yau, tare da shi aka dauka a biyan su bayyana da yawa abubuwa game da farfado a gida.

Ma'ana Kunstkamery

Sun fi mayar saboda da Kunstkammer na St. Petersburg ya zama kimiyya babban birnin kasar. Ga zo na farko zaman gidan kayan gargajiya a Rasha. Mutane da yawa m manya fara tara nasu collections, sun fito fili ya nuna a na musamman da dakuna.

Curiosities kanta a yau ne Anthropology gidan kayan gargajiya, wanda kowace rana tattara wata babbar adadin m jama'a. Ya aka ba sunan Peter na a fitarwa na manyan ayyuka ga m kimiyya.