A jikin mutum: makirci. Wanne sciences karatu jikin mutum?

Abin da ke cikin jikin mutum daga ciki, sha'awar mutanen da mafi zamanin da. Ko lokacin da ka'idojin da abin da mutane rayu, sun coci, an hana koyi da tsarin da jiki, sun masana kimiyya da kuma naturalists, wanda duk da dissected gawawwakin dabbobi da mutane da kuma tsunduma a cikin shawara da kuma nazarin duk da sha'awar sassa.

Yana ba za a iya shawo kan a cikin wannan yanki so ga ilmi. Saboda haka, a kan lokaci, amma duk da haka da aka samu, da yadda jikin mutum. A kewaye juna na kowane sashen tsarin da aka rubuta da artists, testers, likitoci, masana kimiyya, da godiya ga ciwon mahara kimiyya samuwa a yau.

A ci gaba na ilimi game da tsarin da jikin mutum

A V karni BC a craton wani mutum mai suna Alkemon. Shi ne ya yi farko ya bayyana kwadayin nazarin ciki tsarin rayayyun kwayoyin halitta, saboda haka dissecting matattu dabbobi. Ya main nasara - wannan zato game da dangantakar dake tsakanin hankula da kuma kwakwalwa.

Daga baya, daga game da 460 BC, zai fara wata mafi m da m ci gaban ilmi a cikin wannan yanki. A babban taimako ga fahimtar abin da jikin mutum (makirci na ta tsarin, da topography na ciki gabobin sun kuma an bayyana), sanya wadannan masana kimiyya:

1. Hippocrates.
2. Aristotle.
3. Plato.
4. Gerofil.
5. Klavdiy Galen.
6. Avicenna.
7. Leonardo Vinci.
8. Andreas Vezaly.
9. Uilyam Garvey.
10. Casparo Azelli.

Godiya ga wadannan mutane da aka kõma sama da janar makirci na da tsarin da jikin mutum. Akwai ilmi game da aikin fasali, tsarin, gabobin, tsokoki da su muhimmanci, kazalika da sauran muhimmanci sosai abubuwa.

XVII karni na duk sciences wani lokaci na stagnation, shi ba ya ware da kuma yankin yana dauke da mu. Amma daga baya jikin mutum zane (Figure za ka iya gani a kasa) ƙwarai wadãtar, mai ladabi da kuma sāke godiya ga m binciken. Wani sabon dabara da damar nazarin microstructure na karfe maida amfani da gwaji hanyoyin da kallo, da kwatanta. A musamman taimako sanya by:

• Charles Darwin.
• Schleiden da Schwann.
• Descartes.
• Lomonosov.
• Protasov.
• Shymlanskaya.
• cakes.
• Lesgaft.
• Mukhin.
• Carl Baer.
• Wolff.
• Pander.
• sashe.
• Swordsmen.
• Pavlov da sauransu.

Saboda haka, aka yi karatu a daki-daki, daga jikin mutum, da makirci da aka cikakken da kuma nuna duk gabobin da kuma tsarin. Yau, kowane dalibi za a iya daukan matsayin topography, da kuma cikakken bayanin da kowane sashi na jiki , don su bincika ayyukan yi da kuma ciki tsari.

A general makirci na "mutum - mai rai gabar"

Idan muka magana game da irin wannan makirci, ya kamata a lura, da abin da daidai da shi ya ƙunshi. Da fari dai, shi za a iya wakilta a daban-daban embodiments. Wasu daga wadannan zane-zane da kuma zane-zane dauke da kawai fi'ili bayyanai, rarrabuwa na ciki Tsarin na mutum gani da dangantaka da kuma ayyuka. Others, duk da haka, ba dauke da wani bayyanai, amma kawai kwatanta topographical wuri na gabobin a cikin jiki, nuna juna fuskantarwa, da sauran tsarin da shirin. Ga an rubuta da kuma sashin jiki tsarin. Idan ka hada duka biyu zažužžukan, irin wannan makirci zai kasance ma amfani da tsauraran matakan, da wuya a gane. Nau'i na biyu da ake amfani da mafi sau da yawa.

Saboda haka, makirci ne "Man - mai rai gabar" ya hada da wani image na da wadannan gabobin jiki da tsarin (idan bayar da full version na dukan jiki):

1. Zuciya da jijiyoyin jini da kuma limfoobrazovatelnaya. Akwai zane jikinsu nuna daki-daki, kuma mutum tashoshi.
2. A narkewa kamar tsarin.
3. Musculoskeletal, ko musculoskeletal.
4. Haihuwa.
5. Excretory (urinary da ake kira a hade haihuwa da kuma excretory gabobin da tsarin).
6. Juyayi da kuma endocrine tsarin.
7. Azanci, ko hankula da kuma fahimta.

Saboda haka, wannan makirci bayar da cikakken bayani game da tsarin da jikin mutum da kuma wuri na ta gabobin. Har ila yau, akwai mutane da yawa daban-daban alluna da kuma Figures, zane-zane, a cikin abin da aka nuna cikakken microstructure na wani sashin jiki. Yana bayyana duk siffofin da tsarin, aiki da wuri.

Idan ka hada da dukan wadannan zane-zane, da ka samu a dukan littafin. Irin wallafe ake kira "mutum ilmin halitta a cikin alluna da Charts" kuma sau da yawa ƙwarai rage wuya rayuwa ga yara, dalibai da kuma malaman. Lalle ne, a cikin su takaice dai, concisely kuma a fili kafa daga duk kayan yau da kullum da ake bukata domin wani janar fahimtar tsarin da mutane.

Lymph samuwar tsarin

A musamman rawar da a rike da kiwon lafiya na jikin mutum ta rigakafi da tsarin plays. Amma abin da yake da shi? Sai dai itace cewa wannan ne Lymph tsarin, wanda shi ne wani muhimmin dace da na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini gabobin. A da tsarin - Kwayoyin, wanda ake kira "Kwayoyin." Sun wasa da muhimmancin kare da nazarin halittu kwayoyin daga ƙwayoyin cuta da kwayoyin, kasashen waje barbashi da kuma duk kasashen waje.

A lymphatic tsarin da mutum, wanda aka gabatar a kasa makirci yana da yawan Tsarin cewa yin shi up:

1. Kututturan da ducts.
2. Capillaries.
3. Tasoshin.
4. Lymph nodes.

Tare da suke samar da wata cibiyar sadarwa da cewa ba a rufe, kamar yadda tsayayya wa zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. Har ila yau a cikin wannan tsarin babu tsakiyar iko jiki. Lymphatic ruwa (Lymph) ne a sharar gida samfurin na intercellular sarari, wanda a karkashin m matsa lamba motsa ta hanyar tasoshin da nodes, capillaries kututturan.

A lokacin da rashin lafiya, kamar wani sanyi, kowa da kowa zai iya fuskanci kumbura Lymph nodes da kwayoyin. Suna located karkashin ƙananan muƙamuƙi, a cikin armpits, makwancin gwaiwa yankin. Tausa su sauƙi isa. Wannan ya tabbatar da cewa a cikin su akwai babban yaƙi da cutar. Saboda haka, babban shamaki ga cututtuka - lymphatic tsarin da mutum. Makirci da shi ya nuna yadda dukan tsarin sassa suna located da kuma yadda ake juna.

alimentary tsarin

Daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci a cikin jiki. Bayan duk, shi ne godiya ga ta aiki wani mutum ya karbi gina jiki ga girma, ci gaba, da makamashi domin rayuwa tafiyar matakai. Ba tare da gina jiki ba zai yiwu ba don motsawa, girma, zaton da sauransu. Bayan kowane tsari na bukatar makamashi, wanda shi ne da sinadaran shaidu daga kwayoyin gina jiki.

A makirci nuna mutum narkewa kamar tsarin, gabobin daga wanda cibiyar sadarwa da aka kafa.

1. The baka rami, ciki har da hakora, da harshenka, palate da ciki na kunci tsoka.
2. A pharynx kuma esophagus.
3. Ciki.
4. Narkewa kamar gland secreting asirin zuwa nike abinci.
5. Hanji, wanda ya kunshi dama sassan: da duodenum, kananan hanji da kuma ciwon.

jijiyoyi

Yana wakiltar biyu wurare dabam dabam, wanda ya kunshi mai Babban jiki - zuciya - da kuma mikawa gare arteries, kwanoni, capillaries. A total jini girma na fara tasawa ne kamar 5 lita. Duk da haka, rabon dabam dangane jiki nauyi.

Zuciya - da tsakiyar iko, iya mu'ãmalar rhythmically, tilasta jini a cikin tashar a wani matsin lamba. Ya kunshi hudu da bẽnãye, a hankali juna.

The mutum juyayi tsarin

Daya daga cikin mafi wuya. Ya kunshi:

• kwakwalwa.
• laka.
• jijiya Kwayoyin.
• kyallen takarda.

Kusan kowace yanki na jikin mutum ne jijiya Kwayoyin. Sũ ba su sani samuwar kasashe, aika da zafi, gargadi da hadari. Kila ne quite peculiar. Brain da laka hada da wani yawan sassan, kowanne daga abin da ya yi aikin na sosai iko da aiki da wani sashi na jiki.

azanci shine tsarin

Waɗannan ne waɗanda biyar:

1. Kayayyakin Analyzer.
2. Ji.
3. Fata da kuma tsoka ji na ƙwarai.
4. Olfactory gabobin.
5. Dandano Analyzer.

Dukan su tare da kuma yin sama da jikin mutum. A zane yana nuna tsarin da wasu sassa na haska tsarin da aka kafa, wanda yana da fasali a cikin tsarin da kuma abin da ayyuka ake yi.

A excretory tsarin mutum

A tsarin da tsarin kunshi wadannan jikuna:

• koda.
• mafitsara.
• ureters.

Wani sunan ga wannan tsarin - excretory. Babban aiki - kau na na rayuwa kayayyakin, taimaka jikin mai guba sharar kayayyakin.

Kimiyya karatu adam kwayoyin

Waɗancan ne dama manyan. Ko da yake adadin su ya ƙara muhimmanci a kwatanta da, misali, daga cikin XVIII karni. Wannan shi ne irin kimiyyar kamar:

• Anatomy.
• Physiology.
• kiwon lafiya;
• itatuwa aure.
• magani.
• Psychology.

Physiology aka duba yiwuwar al'amurran da suka shafi alaka aiki na wani tsarin. Wannan shi ne ta aiki don amsa tambaya: "Ta yaya wannan ya faru?" Alal misali, shi ne wannan horo a kan sunadaran da barci da kuma wakefulness canji, karatu fasali na sama m aiki.

Auren da lafiyar dan adam

Auren da aka yi nazarin sunadaran da gādon wasu fasaloli, kazalika da haddasawa da kuma sakamakon da canje-canje a cikin mutum chromosomal na'ura. Tare da wannan kimiyya, mutane koya wa hango ko hasashen tsanani kayyade munanan a cikin tayin, don sarrafa wannan tsari da kuma, idan zai yiwu, su sa baki da kuma canza ta hanya.

Tsafta taimaka wajen amsa wannan tambaya: "Me ne m da kuma yadda za a cimma kiwon lafiya?" Wannan binciken da cikakkun bayanai game da dokokin kula da m na jiki, game da muhimmancin aiwatar da rigakafi da sunadaran da suke tsaye dogara a kan index of m, matakin kwayoyin da ƙwayoyin cuta. Wannan horo ne in mun gwada matasa, amma ba kasa muhimmanci fiye da kowa.

Psychology da Medicine

Psychology - sosai rikitarwa da kuma m kimiyya da zai ratsa cikin sani kuma mafi girma m ayyuka na mutum. An tsara don bayyana ainihin sunadaran da psychosomatic mutane na'urorin. Akwai da dama daga Psychology sassan cewa magance duk zamantakewa al'amurran da suka shafi game da mutane (Psychology na iyali dangantaka, shekaru, gwaji, kuma haka a).

Health - mafi muhimmanci kimiyya da cewa hulda da lafiyar dan adam. Babu shakka, shi ne a hankali kẽwayesu da duk sauran tarbiyya: Physiology, Anatomy, jinsi, kiwon lafiya da kuma tunani.

Basic Medicine samo asali da bil'adama. Saboda, da rashin alheri, mutane ne ko da yaushe rashin lafiya. A duk lokacin da, kusa da su, suna kwayoyin da ƙwayoyin cuta, hereditary (kwayoyin) cututtuka da kuma sauran magunguna. Saboda haka, wannan binciken - daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci lõkacin da ta je tsare rayuwa da kuma kiwon lafiya.

Akwai da yawa sassan, nadawa magani a daya: tiyata, Oncology, Hematology, likitoci, dermatology, rauni, da sauransu. Dukan su ne sosai na musamman a kan takamaiman al'amurran da suka shafi, suna da nasu hanyoyin da nazarin matsalar da kuma magance shi.

A general, duk da sciences karatu jikin mutum ne guda mahaluži. Bayan duk, shi haɗa kan bangaskiya su na kowa burin - don gano, bincika, bayyana duk sassa na jiki, ya koya don sarrafa kowane sashen da kowane cell na jiki.

Haltta a matsayin babban kimiyya

Hakika, na farko, a tarihi zarcewa da kimiyya na mutumin da tsarinta - shi ne ilmin jikin mutum. Shi ne da godiya ga ci gaban da wannan horo mutane ya zama sane da abin da hukumomin suna a cikin jikin mutum, suke located akwai (topography) da aka shirya da kuma ka'idojin a kan wanda dogara ne da aiki.

Sama da muke dauke da manyan tarihi turakun a ci gaban ilimi da dan'adam. Wannan ne haltta na matakai na raya kasa. Wadanda mutane, waɗanda sunayensu da aka kira, - cikin wadanda suka kafa da kuma ubanninmu na wannan babbar da muhimmanci da'a.

The aiki na Anatomy ya kasance kullum daya a kowane lokaci - don nazarin ciki tsari da kuma waje morphological halaye na duk gabobin da kuma tsarin, kazalika da yadudduka. Ba don kome ba a Greek anatome - "yanka".