A kowane lokaci a kan Kremlin ta Spassky Tower: The Story da hotuna

Duniya-shahara kowane lokaci a kan Spasskaya Tower na Rasha Federation of babban birnin bayyana dogon lokaci da suka wuce, kamar yadda da'awar da masana tarihi, a 1404. Duk da haka, da suka da aka kafa a karon farko ba a kan Kremlin hasumiya, kuma sun kasance kusa ga Cathedral na Gaske Shelar, dama a fādar sarki a sosai Vasily Dmitrievich. The sunan master wanda sanya su, har abada imprinted a cikin tarihin wadanda shekaru: "wani shirin chasnik - Prince kanta, agogon kafa-Serb m Li'azaru."

Kremlin Clock tarihi

The kalmar "chimes" da harshen Faransanci da aka fassara a matsayin "yanzu". Dukan mu daga yara shahara Kremlin chimes, wani yaki wanda muka yi tasbĩhi game da Sabuwar Shekara, da ban mamaki tarihi. Su ne Agogon hasumiya, wanda, godiya ga wani sa na saurare karrarawa emit a wasu karin waƙa m yaƙi. Wannan Agogon hasumiya kauda kai da Red Square, kuma yana da wata tafiya gaban ƙofar, wanda a kowane lokaci, fãce neman sauyi, dauke da tsarki.

Kawai a 1658 Spassky hasumiya samu da sunan da, kafin aka kira Florovsky ya daya daga cikin 20 hasumiyoyin da Kremlin, kamar yadda ta gina a 1491 da Italian artist da kuma m Antonio Solari. Kamar yadda tarihi takardun, da kowane lokaci a kan Spasskaya Tower da aka shigar a cikin XVI karni watchmaker Masters cewa shekara samu mai kyau Hakkin kuma tufafi hudu yadi na zane.

A Agogon ne cikakken aikata a 1585. Gaskiyar cewa sun wanzu kafin, da kuma nuna wani shaida: ta bayyana a Ƙofofi uku na Kremlin hasumiya Tsarin - Spassky (Florovsky), Triniti da kuma Asirin - aka rajista a cikin sabis na "Breviary." A farkon karni XVII a kan Kremlin hasumiyai (sai Nikolskaya) sun alfarwansu, da kuma godiya ga wannan goma-Spasskaya hasumiya zama isa wani tsawo na 60 mita. Watchmaker a 1614 ya zama Nikifor Nikitin, ya kasance da alhakin goyon baya da kuma gyara dace inji factory. Mun kuma sani cewa fada da kowane lokaci, ya zo a cikin cikakken disrepair, dã an sayar a 1624 Spassky sufi Yaroslavl nauyi.

Christopher inji Gollueya

A Agogon na Spasskaya Tower na Moscow Kremlin a lokacin sun fi m, a Bugu da kari, sun sha wahala ƙwarai daga m gobara, sa'an nan zuwa Moscow, ya gayyaci shahararrun English watchmaker Christopher Gollueya. Taimake shi Rasha maƙera - Zhdanov, dansa da kuma jikan Alex Shumila. A 1626, kowane lokaci a kan Spasskaya Tower ƙone da aka gina, sãbuwa, Galloway.

Rasha artist Bazhenov Ogurtsov a 1636 halitta musu sarauta Pavilion, wanda ya zama cikin kayan ado na duk gine-gine da gungu na Kremlin. Hours aiki a kan samar da Vologda manoma - mahaifi da dansa Virachevy da kuma shiryar da aiwatar Galloway. Domin "perechasya" Caster Kirillom Samoylovym 13 karrarawa aka jefa.

A wannan lokacin, da albashi na Turanci master ya 64 rubles a kowace shekara. Tsohon Agogon inji aka sayar for 48 rubles. Wannan ya nuna cewa watchmakers a Moscow dadin babban daraja da gata, suka biya a manyan albashi, musamman nuna godiya da waɗanda suka yi bi da hasumiyar nan kowane lokaci. Ga ma'aikata, an halitta ko da wani musamman sanarwa cikin abin da aka rubuta cewa a cikin Spasskaya Tower ya gagara sha, wasa cards, to sayar da taba, da giya da sauransu. D.

description sa'o'i

A cewar Sahaban na lokaci, shi ne mai ban mamaki birni Agogon sanya na baƙin ƙarfe. Saboda da kyakkyawa da na'urar da suka kasance shahara a duk faɗin duniya, kuma su daraja sauti aka ji fiye da 10 mil. Kira na sauri aka fentin blue. Babban da kuma tsakiyar ɓangare na da kewayon zauna tsit, yayin da matsanancin gefen a fadin ne 1 mita, juya. A Agogon sun Slavic harafi haruffa na nauyi da aka 3 hours, 400 kg.

Kremlin Clock aka auna rana da dare lokaci nuna Slavic lambobi da kuma haruffa (jan rufi da zinariya), da kuma taka leda music. Maimakon kibiyoyi ya rãnã dogon katako a haɗe zuwa sama na babban manyan kira na sauri. A faifai ya kasu kashi 17 daidai sassa, wanda ya saboda matsakaicin longitude na rana a lokacin rani. Tsakiyar faifai da aka rufe blue enamel, kuma a kan shi ne ya warwatsa azurfa da zinariya taurari, da rãnã da watã images. Dials (tare da diamita na 5 m) ya biyu. Daya ta wajen Kremlin, da sauran tafi China Town.

Bitrus I

By ƙarshen XVII karni kowane lokaci a kan Kremlin ta Spassky Tower sanya sau daya Christopher Gollueem ya zama gaba daya unusable, sa'an nan a 1704 daga Holland a kan Sea, Peter na kawo sabuwar. Su aka kawo daga Arkhangelsk zuwa talatin kuraye, daga baitul a kan wannan al'amari an kasaftawa fiye da 42.000 Efimkov (Yammacin Turai azurfa tsabar kudin). A dukan ƙasar a cikin wannan lokaci na miƙa mulki ga guda kullum Countdown. Bayan shekaru uku, da babbar Agogon da 12-hour kira na sauri da aka shigar a kan Spasskaya Tower. Sai da na ɗauki Ekim Garnov da kuma 'yan apprentices suka gyara, kuma suka kaddamar da wani inji for 20 days.

Cap master

Duk da haka, bayan wani lokaci, kuma wadannan Watches ne dilapidated, kuma bayan da babbar wuta na 1737 da kuma bai fadi a cikin disrepair. Duk da haka, ta hanyar wannan lokaci da babban birnin kasar ya riga Petersburg, da kuma saboda gyare-gyare sun taba cikin sauri.

Lokacin da ya hau gadon sarautar Catherine II, ta zama sha'awar a cikin Kremlin chimes. Daga baya Berlin watchmaker Fatts (Cap) zai maye gurbin Agogon chimes mafi Turanci, a samu a cikin Palace of fuskoki dabam-dabam. A cikin shekaru uku, a karkashin jagorancin, za su shigar Ivan Polyansky - Rasha master, da aiki za a kammala a cikin 1770. Tun lokacin da babban mai gida da aka sallame su daga kasashen waje, to, shi zai kan Kremlin busa song Ya du lieber Augustin ( «Oh du lieber Augustin"). Wannan shi ne kawai harka a tarihi na kowane lokaci, a lokacin da suka buga waje song.

Napoleon sau

Lokacin da fitar daga Moscow, Napoleon ta sojojin, a kan Kremlin ta Spassky Tower Agogon yi mashi wani sosai jarrabawa, da kuma gano cewa, su Agogon inji ba ya aiki. Sa'an nan da master Yakov Lebedev a watan Fabrairu, cikin watan 1813 miƙa gyara shi domin su kudi. Ya aka ɗõra wa ɗaukar hali, amma kafin shi ya shiga da cewa ya ba da cikakken janye inji na mataki. Kuma 2 shekaru baya nan kowane lokaci da aka gudanar a sake, da kuma Lebedev aka bayar da lakabi na master watchmaker Spassky hours.

Bayan 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, wani yunƙuri da aka sanya don wanke inji, ba tare da tsayawa da ci gaba na chimes, amma kada su ci nasara ba. Sa'an nan ga overhaul aka hayar da m Butenop 'yan'uwa. A 1850 agogon da aka dismantled inji fasa, dilapidated sassa maye gurbinsu. A wannan lokaci, aka jefa sabon gado, ta nauyi ya 25 ton. A lokacin da kisan da wannan aiki da kamfanin ya karbi kudi a cikin adadin 12 000 rubles. A sakamakon haka, a watan Maris 1852, duk da aikin da aka kammala, kuma karo na farko da chimes a kan hasumiya fara kashe karin waƙa "Preobrazhensky Maris" da kuma "Mai girma ne Ubangijinmu."

Updated hours aiki na shekaru 25, da kuma a 1878 300 rubles a gyara su dauki Jagora W. Freimuth, wanda ya zama na gaba watchmaker Kremlin hasumiyarki. Da farko, ya zama dole cewa chimes taka leda kiɗa daga "Allah Ajiye da Tsar!" Amma Sarkin sarakuna Nicholas I ba a yarda da yin haka, to fata sauti wani music, fãce ga waƙar yabon Allah. A 1913 cikakken sikelin-sabuntawa da aka za'ayi domin tunawa da Romanov daular. Company Butenop yan'uwa ci gaba da bauta wa inji.

juyin juya halin da

Zo da wuya sau na Oktoba juyin juya halin, da kuma a 1917 da yaƙi aka kai tsaye buga a fuska da mugun lalace almara nan kowane lokaci. A lokacin rani na 1918, lokacin da Moscow ya zama babban birnin sake, V. I.Lenin umurci gwamnati da ta gaggawa gyara chimes.

Masters duba na dogon lokaci, da kowa da kowa ya ji tsoro, ka dauki aiki. Famous agogon brands (kamfanin Bure da Roginskii) ya nemi makudan, wanda a lokacin bai iya ware sabon minted jihar. Kuma a sa'an nan gyara su sa'an nan kuma dauki Kremlin makaniki N. I. Berens. Ya san yadda hadaddun inji, kamar yadda tsohonsa ya yi da zarar aiki a kamfanin kafin bauta wa chimes. Kuma taimake shi a cikin wannan al'amari amince Cheremnyh artist JM, ya kasance daya ci a kan music of "Ka fadi a azabtar" da "International" a request na shugaban na proletariat.

Kuma a sa'an nan tare da m sabon Pendulum game da daya da rabi da mita a tsawon aka halitta da kuma auna 32 kg. A sabuntawa ayyukan da aka kammala a cikin watan Satumba 1918. Sai Muscovites karo na farko ji kidan da kowane lokaci a kan Spasskaya Tower. Wani lokaci daga baya, a 1932, da chimes sake bukatar gyara. Masters haifar da wata sabuwar fuska (da wani daidai kwafin na haihuwa daya) da kuma sake gilded baki, lambobi da kibiyoyi a kan shi ya tafi game da 28 kilo na zinariya.

Stalin

A cikin shugabanci na Stalin kokarin daidaita agogon zuwa tune yana da wani sabon Soviet take Aleksandrova marubucin, amma ga wani wadãtar. A shekarar 1991 ya sake so yi wannan aiki, amma kamar yadda ya juya waje, wannan ya ba ta isa uku karrarawa. A shekarar 1996, bayan shekaru 58 da tischiny, Kremlin chimes karin waƙa ta buga a rantsar da shugaban kasar Rasha B. N. Eltsina ( "Patriotic Song" da "Tsarki ya tabbata" M. I. Glinki).

A karshe maido da ya faru a 1999, shi dade watanni shida. Kibau gilded sake, mayar da dukan bayyanar da maimakon "Patriotic Song" Agogon karshe buga da take kasar na Rasha Federation.

Kremlin Clock: photo da kuma girma

Hours zauna musamman benaye na Spassky Tower: daga 8th ga 10th. Su main inji aka located in na musamman dakin a kan 9th bene. Its actuated uku nauyi nauyi na daga game da 160 to 224 kg. Musical inji kunshi wani sa na karrarawa (dukkan su suna kafa tushen a kan wani musamman range) da kuma wani da ake kira software Silinda wanda diamita kai mita biyu, shi rotates da wata katuwar nauyi yin la'akari 200 kilo.

Silinda dari actuated kararrawa, kowane yin la'akari 500 kg. Karrarawa ajiye ta goma bene. Af, daya ce daga gare su cewa shi ya yi Klavdiy Fremi a Amsterdam a lokacin rani na 1628.

Wuya su yi tunanin girman da dukan da na'urar, shi ne kawai da sauri yana da wani diamita na 6,12 m. To, menene yake da tsawon minti hannun agogo a kan Spasskaya Tower? Kuma abin da suke da girma da awa? Bari mu yi tunani. Kahu a kan gaskiyar cewa, darajar wani daga cikin wadannan abubuwa ya kamata ba ƙetare rabin diamita daga cikin sauri, wanda zai iya ɗauka cewa babban kibiya za ta zama kamar 3 mita. A kananan, bi da bi, za su zama kadan kasa. Yanzu bari mu juya zuwa hukuma bayanai. Saboda haka, minti hannu a kan wani Agogon hasumiya Spassky a tsawon shi ne 3.27 m, hour zuwa kasa da 30 cm -. 2,97 m agogon factory sau biyu a rana. Tare da tashin nauyi mota, kowane shaft samun nauyi na baƙin ƙarfe ingots yin la'akari har zuwa 200 kg, su nauyi ya karu a cikin hunturu.

Kulawa da kuma goyon baya

Kowace rana, agogon inji ne hõre m Nazarin da zarar wata daya - a kan cikakkun bayanai. A kowane lokaci a kan Spasskaya wajibi watchmaker aka tabbatar da su ta chronometer kuma ba a kula da na musamman na'urorin. Dukan inji ne lubricated sau biyu a mako, da kuma rani da kuma hunturu amfani man shafawa.

The inji na Kremlin kowane lokaci a kan Spasskaya Tower na aiki yadda ya kamata shi ne kusan rabin karni. A cikin baƙin ƙarfe gefen rubuta su da cewa Agogon tuba yan'uwa Butenop a Moscow a 1851. A tsakar rana, kuma a tsakar dare da suka doke Rasha take kasar, da kuma a tsakanin - "Tsarki ya tabbata".

ƙarshe

Mutane da yawa suna sha'awar wannan tambaya: "Wanne hasumiya, in ban da mai ceto, sun agogo?" A Moscow Kremlin amma chimes, kuma saita agogo a Grand Kremlin Palace, Triniti kuma Borovitskaya hasumiyarki.

Almara chimes kuma har yanzu yi awo da tarihi mai girma a kasar, sun zama wata babbar alama ce mai girma, mai girma Rasha.