A Kremlin bango. Wanda aka binne shi a kusa da Kremlin garu? Madawwami Flame a cikin Kremlin bango

Daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan jan hankali na birnin kasar, bisa ga abin Moscow gane ko da 'yan kasashen waje - wannan Kremlin bango. Ko da yake asali an rubuta kamar yadda na tsaron gida USAID, yanzu shi hidima, a maimakon haka, wani ado aiki da kuma sigar gine-gine abin tunawa. Amma baya ga wannan, a cikin karni na karshe Kremlin bango kuma hidima a matsayin binne wurin shahararren mutane a kasar. Wannan necropolis ne da hurumi na mafi sabon abu a cikin duniya, kuma ya zama daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci na tarihi Monuments na da babban birnin kasar da kuma wuri zuwa ziyarci dubban masu yawon bude ido.

Tarihi na Kremlin bango

Modern look shi ya dauki har cikin farkon 16th karni. Yana da aka gina Kremlin bango daga wani ja bulo a shafin na zamanin d fari dutse, da kuma kawai zuwa gabas da Kremlin yanki da aka fadada. Yana da aka gina ta Italian gine-ginen. A siffar bango na Kremlin sansanin soja maimaita siffar da ya bayyanar da wani sababbu alwatika. Yana yalwaci biyu kilomita kuma mai tsawo na daga biyar zuwa ashirin da mita. A mafi ganuwar sun kasance daga Red Square. Top Kremlin bango ado da hakora cewa an dimbin yawa kamar a dovetail. Akwai fiye da dubu, da kuma kusan duk da kunkuntar slits. A bango kanta ne m, game da shida mita, shi ne shirya yawa embrasures da kuma mi} a mulki. Waje, shi ne m, Ya sanya daga m ja tubalin. Fiye da 20 daban-daban hasumiyai aka gina a cikin bango. Mafi shahara daga cikinsu - da mai ceto, a kan abin da Kremlin chimes. Bugu da kari ta zuwa ga gine-gine da kuma tarihi darajar, shi ne a yanzu da Kremlin Wall janyo hankalin masu yawon shakatawa kuma Ya halitta a cikin karni na karshe necropolis. Shi ne mai irin hurumi, wanda ya zama wani abin tunawa.

Samar da Kremlin necropolis

Biyu na farko taro kaburbura kusa da Kremlin bango ya bayyana a watan Nuwamba 1917. Suna located a kan Red Square tsakanin Nikol'skii da Spassky Gate. Su aka binne shi game da 200 Nameless sojoji da aka kashe a lokacin juyin juya halin Oktoba. A na gaba shekaru goma, a fiye da goma taro kaburbura kusa da bango. Kuma ɗari uku binne shi a su Bolsheviks da aka sani kawai 110 sunayen. A girmama su an mai suna da yawa tituna da kuma murabba'ai a cikin babban birnin kasar da kuma sauran birane. Har shekara ta 1927, game da Kremlin bango, har ma da matattu da aka binne mutu na halitta haddasawa shugabannin juyin juya halin. Akwai ma guda burials na shahararrun mutane na lokaci.

Wanda aka binne shi a kusa da Kremlin bango a farkon shekara?

• A farko guda kabari a Kremlin bango a can a shekara ta 1919. Yana da aka binne Ya. M. Sverdlov.
• A farkon 20s da yawa shahararren Figures na jam'iyyar da gwamnati da aka binne a cikin mutum kaburbura: M. V. Frunze, F. E. Dzerzhinsky, M. V. Kalinin da sauransu.
• A cikin farkon shekaru na Kremlin Wall necropolis binne kamar yadda waje gurguzu. Ga ake binne Dzhon rabu, Clara Zetkin, Inessa Armand da Sam Katayama.
• Tun 1924, da cibiyar zama necropolis na Kremlin kabarin a wadda sa da jikin V. I. Lenina. Wannan wuri ya zama wani dandali ga shahararren jama'a Figures.

Binne 30-80-ies

Bayan shekara ta 1927 aka yanke shawarar da za a binne shi a kusa da Kremlin bango kawai shahararren membobin jam'iyyar da gwamnati, kazalika da girma masana kimiyya. Fraternal binne tsaya, amma kafin shekarar 1985 a cikin necropolis binne mutane da yawa da suka shahara.

• wakilan jam'iyyar da gwamnati: Budyonny, Suslov, Brezhnev, Andropov da Chernenko.
• a farkon 60-ies na Lenin kabarin kwashe, suka binne a kusa da Kremlin bango jikin I. V. Stalina.
• All mutu a cikin sahu na Marshal Zhukov, misali;
• fice matuka, misali, Chkalov, cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin kuma waɗansu da yawa.
• Karpinski da aka sani da masana kimiyya, Kurchatov da Korolev.
• necropolis ziyara sha'awar wanda aka binne shi a bango Kremleskoy har yanzu za a iya ganin sunayen Lenin ta mahaifiyarsa, matarsa N. K. Krupskoy, marubuci Maxim Gorky, Lunacharsky Commissar of Education, da kuma waɗansu da yawa.

Yadda aka binne shi a necropolis?

Har ya zuwa farkon 80s aka yi amfani da jana'izar shahararren mutane Kremlin bango. Binne kusa da ta kasance daga iri biyu:

1. Don dama daga cikin kabarin kusa da Kremlin bango suna located kaburbura na sosai shahararren Figures na jam'iyyar da gwamnati. Suna yi wa ado da sculptural hotuna - busts shahara sculptor Merkurov, Tomsk, da kuma sauran Rukavishnikova. A karshe mutum binne a kusa da Kremlin bango, ya K. U. Chernenko, aka binne shi a can a shekarar 1985.
2. Mafi yawan wadanda aka binne a cikin necropolis na cremated. Urns da tokar da imbedded a cikin Kremlin bango a garesu na Majalisar Dattijan hasumiya. Sunayensu da kuma kwanakin da rai kwarzana a kan tunawa slabs. A cikin duka, da garun karya ragowar 114 babbar jama'a - masana kimiyya, da soja, 'yan siyasa da kuma' yan saman jannati. A karshe, aka binne shi a cikin irin wannan hanya D. F. Ustinov.

Abin da kuma shi ne aka sani da Kremlin garu?

Binnewa, jawo masu yawon shakatawa ba kawai a cikin Red Square. A Kremlin Wall necropolis shiga cikin tunawa "Kabarin Unknown Soja", dake a cikin Alexander Aljanna. Yana da aka halitta a 1967 a cikin girmamawa ga 25th ranar tunawa da kwata 'yanci na Moscow. Tokar ba a sani ba soja a kan gun karusa a matsayin wani ɓangare na wucewa da gawa da aka dauka daga Zelenograd. A zamani irin na tunawa da aka ba su riƙi nan da nan. Wani soja ta kabari da aka shigar dutsen kabari tare da wani abun da ke ciki, Ya sanya daga simintin tagulla. A cikin folds da tutar yaƙi, shi ne wani soja ta kwalkwali da wani Laurel reshe. Madawwami Flame a cikin Kremlin bango complements da abun da ke ciki. Daga baya, an kara zuwa wani titi da porphyry raka'a, wanda aka adana ƙarƙashin ƙasa birane goma-heroes, kuma a 2010, akwai wani abin tunawa dutse mita 10 stele. Yana kuma alama ce ta ƙwaƙwalwar da gwarzo birane. An muhimmanci na dukan na abun da ke ciki ne da kanta a tunawa bango Kremlin. Photos of wurin sani ba kawai a Rasha amma kuma kasashen waje.

A tarihin necropolis

Domin kusan shekara ɗari, akwai wani irin hurumi. Ya bayyanar da aka canja sau da yawa, kuma a cikin 50s ya ko da ya so don rufe kuma matsar da ƙura shimfida can a wani wuri. Mun shirya yi don ƙirƙirar musamman pantheon, amma aikin da aka zarar rufe. A al'adar necropolis ba yawa faruwa a kasar nuna da siyasa da suka faru. Ko da yake manufofin da wulakanci, ba don ya binne bango, amma data kasance binne ba a shafe ta. Tun da 1974, da necropolis sanya a cikin yawan jama'a Monuments, kuma ya kiyaye shi ta jihar. A na shi - Kabarin Unknown Soja - ya zama mafi rare makõma ga baƙi da kuma kai ziyara a kasashen waje statesmen. Domin shekaru masu yawa magana game da kawar da necropolis da kuma canja wuri na toka binne a can a kan talakawa hurumi. Wannan shi ne saboda ba kawai addini, amma kuma siyasa sharudda. Amma bisa ga halin yanzu Rasha dokokin, shi yana bukatar ya samu da amsa na dangi, wanda a mafi yawan lokuta ba zai yiwu ba. Saboda haka yanzu da necropolis zama wani gine-gine da kuma tarihi abin tunawa. Mutane da yawa yawon bude ido ayan ziyarci Kremlin bango.

Ma'ana necropolis

Daga cikin shekara ta farko da ta kafa, shi ya zama wani wuri na rantsuwar da sojoji a gaban kabarin farati. A lokacin holidays, da Kabarin Unknown Soja sanya wreaths. Kuma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yana da daraja game da wani m matsara na girmamawa daga cikin sojojin na shugaban rajimanti. Wannan wuri an ziyarci da waje wakila da kuma yawon bude ido ba kawai a lokacin holidays, amma kuma a kan talakawa kwanaki. Ba kowa ba ne ya sani, wanda aka binne shi a kusa da Kremlin bango, amma cewa irin wannan tunawa da akwai, da aka sani ba kawai a Rasha amma kuma kasashen waje. Wannan necropolis ya kasance daya daga cikin rare jan hankali na Moscow.