A kwata 'yanci na Belgrade daga Nazis, a shekarar 1944

2014 ya arziki a cikin anniversaries. Bayan duk, 70 da suka wuce, ya dauki kwata 'yanci na Belgrade, Bucharest, Sofia da kuma wasu garuruwa da manya na Turai da Soviet sojojin. Musamman tuna wannan ranar tunawa yan'uwa Serbia, inda zuwa wannan rana tuna da heroism daga cikin sojojin na Red Army. Tun da kwato Belgrade ya faru a shekarar 1944, wanda Soviet da kuma Yugoslav soja shugabannin taka muhimmiyar rawa?

prehistory

A zama na {asar Yugoslavia, ta Nazi sojojin fara bayan wani tsanani bombardment na Belgrade Afrilu 6, 1941. Nan da nan bayan wannan samuwar yaƙin motsi. Kuma da farko da fikafikai biyu wanzu: daular mulkinsu da kuma kwaminisanci. A fili yake cewa, sãshensu waliyyai sun yanke shawarar tallafa wa magoya bayan na kõre King Bitrus II. Duk da haka, ta 1943 da monarchists, ko, kamar yadda aka kira su, da Chetniks, gaba daya ragu kabilanci tsarkakewa na ba-Serb yawan {asar Yugoslavia, da kuma Soviet da Britaniya gwamnatoci suka fara fito fili ya goyi bayan kwaminis shugaban Josip Broz Tito.

A halin da ake ciki a gaban kafin tiyata Belgrade

Saboda ta kasa matsayi, Serbia ya kasance kullum dabarun batu a cikin Balkans. Saboda haka, Jamus umarni ne daga farko kwanaki na zama na wannan ɓangare na {asar Yugoslavia kiyaye akwai babba da karfi. Haka kuma, bayan da Red Army ta samu nasara a Romania da kuma Bulgaria, kuma shi ne saki da Danube Serbia ya zama ma fi muhimmanci ga Wehrmacht. Gaskiyar ita ce, ta gabashin kan iyakar kasar Jamus da aka faruwa don tsara wani tsaro line kan inganta Soviet sojojin, wanda zai janye dakarunta daga kasar Girka da kuma Macedonia da kuma aika su kare kan iyakar Jamus. Haka ne, ya na fili da cewa kwata 'yanci na Belgrade (1944) zai zama da wuya da kuma zai bukaci kyau shiri.

A musamman, mafi 28 Yuli 1944 na NLA na {asar Yugoslavia, sun kasance daga Bosnia zuwa Serbia, kuma a watan Satumba ya fara kama up tare da Soviet sojojin. A labarai na m na Red Army da aka farincikin yarda da mazaunan Yugoslav babban birnin kasar, wanda shi ne wata ãyã cewa kwata 'yanci na Belgrade ne kusa da. Bugu da kari, a farkon kaka, da Jamusanci umurnin yanke shawarar janye daga Balkans zuwa Hungary Army Group "E", da kuma 'yantar da Bulgaria ayyana yaki kan Jamus da kuma mayar da su zuwa ga Ukrainian gaban da na umarce III, II kuma IV na Bulgarian Army.

Fara na aiki

A lokacin daga 15 zuwa 21 Satumba 17th Air Army aka umurce ta Soviet umurnin da bam da gadoji da kuma sauran muhimman abubuwa, game da shi hana karbo daga Jamus sojojinta daga kudancin yankunan da {asar Yugoslavia, da kuma Girka. Sa'an nan kuma, a kan Satumba 28 ya fara da m on Belgrade 57th Army, wanda daga dama flank rufe Danube Flotilla, tilasta musu da hanyarsu ta hanyar da minefields. Soviet sojojin a cikin hadin gwiwa tare da NOAYU sassa a cikin wani gajeren lokaci kutsa makiya defenses tare da kan iyaka da Bulgaria da kuma sanya a wuya nassi ta hanyar Serbian Carpathians, kullum ya hau fadace-fadace tare da mãsu bãyar da bãya Jamusawa.

Belgrade ta 'yantar: da kwanan wata da kuma babban matakai na aiki

Oktoba 8, Soviet sojojin ketare Morava kogin da kuma kafa bridgehead a Palanka da Velika Plana. Daga can a kan Oktoba 12 kaddamar da wani farmakin a kan Belgrade daga kudu, wanda ya samu halartar Bulgaria soja raka'a 2 NOAYU jiki. A lokaci guda ya fara da mararraba na Danube daya daga cikin gine-gine na Ukrainian Front, wanda sanya yiwu da kai hari a kan {asar Yugoslavia, babban birnin kasar da arewa-maso-gabas.

By Oktoba 14, da Belgrade aiki wadannan abubuwan da suka faru ya faru:

• 12th NOAYU Corps suka karbe iko da hanyoyi abu zuwa babban birnin kasar, dake kudu da Sava River.
• V Guards Mechanized Corps zo zuwa Belgrade da kuma shiga yakin a kan ta karkata.
• 57th Army fara dannawa tare da Danube, kokarin da sauri samun to Belgrade.

Bugu da kari, a kan Oktoba 16 a Smederevo Danube flotilla ya saukowa. Ko da tare da taimako na irin manyan sojojin da cikakken 'yanci na Belgrade daga Nazis dauki kawai kwanaki shida tun farkon na aiki. Gaskiyar cewa Jamus sojojin gari da fiye da 20,000 mutane, da ke cikin mallaki 170 bindigogi da kuma rokoki da kuma 40 tankuna. Kuma, kuna hukunta daga m umarnin na Wehrmacht umurnin, duk wadannan sojojin da aka je hadaya domin tabbatar da janyewar dubban sojojin kungiyar "E".

Soja raka'a cewa dauki bangare a cikin Belgrade aiki, da kuma CA da NOAYU asara

A cikin Soviet gefe a cikin hari a kan Yugoslav babban birnin kasar halarci IV Guards Mechanized Corps, 236th dakaru, 73th da 106th Guards Division, daya anti-aircraft manyan bindigogi division, da dama turmi, manyan bindigogi da kuma kai-propelled manyan bindigogi regiments, uku raba anti-aircraft manyan bindigogi rajimanti. Bugu da kari, daya ya kamata ba rashin sanin cikakken farashi da rawar da Yugoslav gefen Ya bã 8 kashi kashi, ba tare da wanda kwata 'yanci na Belgrade zai yi jinkiri ko da more. A lokacin aiki da Red Army rasa rauni, kashe da kuma m fiye da 30 000 da sojoji da jami'an da suke tsaye a kan birnin, inda suka kashe game da 1,000 tituna. Kamar wancan NOAYU aka azabtar a lokacin farmaki amounted zuwa 2953 agaji.

Soja shugabannin, ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin 'yanci na Yugoslav babban birnin kasar

Liberation of Belgrade (1944) ya faru da yawa godiya ga hadewa ayyuka na Soviet da kuma Yugoslav kwamandojin. Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, da babban rawa da ake sa III ya Ukrainian gaban umarce F. I. Tolbuhina, musamman 57th Army, wanda a wancan lokacin directed Laftanar Janar N. A. Gagen. Daga cikin Soviet soja shugabannin kamata kuma a lura Janar Zhdanov, wanda ya umarci IV Guards Mechanized Corps da kuma samu tiyata Belgrade da lakabi na Hero na Tarayyar Soviet da kuma jama'ar kasar Hero na {asar Yugoslavia. Game da umurni raka'a NOAYU kutsa Belgrade, shi aka wakkala a Dapchevicha Peko, wanda ya nuna kungiya basira ko a lokacin da Spanish yakin basasa.

Lambar "Ga Liberation of Belgrade"

Don karfafa waɗanda suka bambanta kansa a cikin yaƙin ga babban birnin kasar na {asar Yugoslavia, Yuni 9, 1945 musamman jihar lambar yabo da aka kafa. A da mindar "Ga Liberation of Belgrade", wanda samu game da 70,000 mutane. Wannan lambar yabo ne mai cikakken da'irar 3.2 cm diamita tagulla, da alaka da wajen da zobe shafin kuma da misali pentagonal block, wanda aka rufe da wani baki kore tef tsiri a tsakiyar. A obverse na tsabar kudin ajiyar convex rubutu "Gama Liberation of Belgrade", daga bisansa akwai wani biyar-nuna star. Bugu da ƙari kuma, shi wanda aka nuna circumferentially Laurel. Amma ga baya, akwai ba da ranar samun 'yanci na Belgrade da allo ne a bayyane a kan wannan kankanin biyar-nuna star. lambar zane da aka halitta da artist A. I. Kuznetsovym, shi an wajabta, a sa a gefen hagu na kirji.

Murnar 70th ranar tunawa da kwata 'yanci na Belgrade

Ko da yake na gargajiya farati a kan lokaci na ƙarshe na Jamus zama na Serbian babban birnin kasar da aka gudanar 20 ga watan Oktoba, 2014, bikin da aka gudanar kwanaki hudu a baya. Bisa ga official version of shi aka saboda da cewa shi ne a 16 ga watan Oktoba, 1944, Soviet sojojin 'yanci tsakiyar Belgrade. Har ila yau, manema ruwaito cewa wannan da aka yi don tabbatar da cewa a cikin bikin ya samu halartar shugaban kasar Vladimir Putin.

Hits "Mataki lashe" a Belgrade

16 ga watan Oktoba, 2014, a {asar Serbia babban birnin kasar a karon farko a soja farati da aka gudanar bayan shekarar 1985. Saboda haka, hukumomin wannan kasa yanke shawarar yi tasbĩhi game da 70th ranar tunawa da kwata 'yanci na Belgrade. A wannan bikin ya samu halartar game da dubu 100 mazaunan, mafi girma jami'an Serbia da kuma V. V. Putin. Bugu da kari ga wucewa ayarin Serb sojoji da kuma kayan aiki a sararin sama a kan Belgrade nuna su art na Rasha matukan jirgi na "Swifts" kungiyar.

Saboda haka, zamu iya cewa ƙoƙarin yi tasiri a tarihin karni na karshe a Turai a cikin hali na Serbia ba da nasara, da kuma mutanen wannan kasa ta tuna feat na Soviet sojoji waɗanda aka fitar farkisanci amma kumfa, kuma 'yanci Belgrade.