Ibrahim Hannibal: biography, ban sha'awa facts, photos

Gaskiyar cewa Tsar Peter Na a kotu, "negro", sanin kowa ne. An rubuta a cikin adabi litattafan, wanda ya furta cewa, babban Pushkin ne gade dadin jikina yana kan layi. Bugu da kari, da mawãƙi immortalized sunan ta m m rubuta labari, mai jigo "Arap Petra Mai girma." Sunansa Ibrahim Hannibal.

biography

A lokacin da a 1697 akwai goma sha tara ɗa, babu daya ko tunanin a cikin iyali Abyssinian yarima, abin mai ban mamaki ƙaddara masa tattalin rayuwa. Kamar yadda wani yaro, yaron da aka aika zuwa Konstantinoful, ga tsakar gida na Turkiyya Sultan a matsayin garkuwa da biyayya da rundunarsa. Akwai wani nan gaba Rasha soja m Hannibal Abram Petrovich wani bara a seraglio. The masana tarihi la'akari da mafi plausible version. Ko da yake a mafi daidai asalin Bitrus "negro", da aka sani da Ibrahim Hannibal, har yanzu jayayya da masana tarihi da kuma ethnographers. Ko da marubuci Vladimir Nabokov aka neman gaskiya gida na kakan kaka na Pushkin. Shi ne ya yi shawarar cewa Gannibal Abram Petrovich, wanda short biography - dai kawai wani labari ƙirƙira by shi, kwatsam sanya a Rasha daraja da kuma matsayi a cikin al'umma. Bayan isa wani wuri a cikin kotu, "negro" ƙãga, shi kansa mai daraja iyali itace. Ko da yake a zahiri, Ibrahim Hannibal ya fi na kowa, kuma rootless yaro wanda, tun sace a Kamaru, slavers kawo Turkey, inda aka sayar da sultan a seraglio.

Rasha - wata na biyu gida

A cewar wani version, shi ne lokacin da Sarki Bitrus, wanda ya sosai m dukan curiosities, yanke shawarar cika up tarin wani sosai asali hanya. A wancan lokaci, kasashen Turai ta fashion aka mika a cika zuwa "black yaro". Beautiful baki yaro ado a yalwace ado kayayyaki, kusan kowane ball ko idi manyansu da kuma ko da sarakuna da aka hidima nobility. Shi ya sa Bitrus ya zama da ma wuya zuwa gare shi, kuma same "arapchonka". Wannan aiki ne a cikin yadi aza a kan Rasha Jakadan a Konstantinoful. Ya koma ga duk links hanya da yake a cikin Turkish kotu. Kuma aka sayo ta Ibrahim Hannibal, wanda biography ya canja da cika fuska tun sa'an nan.

Motsi da Rasha kotu

Haka abin ya fara wani tafiya da karamin baki yaro a wani m da sanyi don zafi kasa mazaunin na St. Petersburg. Petru Skitalets son musamman da m hankali, da Sarkin yaba wa quickness, da kuma "wani hali daban-daban sciences." A kadan girma, Ibrahim Hannibal fara wasa ba kawai rawar da wani bawa da valet Rasha sarki, amma ko da ya Sakatare. Har 1716 Arap, duk lokacin kasancewa tare da sarki a hankali ya zama ya fi so, kuma wannan duk da cewa da Rasha kotu akwai mutane da yawa da sauran baki bãyinSa.

sabon rai

Ba abin mamaki na ji Peter Mai girma. Ya kasance mai hikima a kusan kome da kome, ko da a cikin manifestations eccentricities. Noticing a cikin "black yaro" m, kuma mai himma, da sarki ya yanke shawarar aika da balaga da sakataren a Paris, don haka ya yi karatu soja kimiyya. A wannan lokaci a kasashen Turai, a kan umarni na Bitrus directed mai yawa boyars, ko yara na nobility - "greenhorns" wanda ba ya so ya koyi wani abu, sau da yawa ban da "politeness" ko gluttony in ba haka ba ba tsunduma a kasashen waje kasashen. Ibrahim Hannibal ma aka aika zuwa Turai da Bitrus kamar yadda idan a cikin izgili daga cikin wadannan daraja loafers. Sarkin so ya tabbatar musu da cewa aiki da kuma himma a cikin kimiyyar, ko da daga wannan Afirka baubawa za su iya yin wani ilimi mutum - wani dattaku.

Kuma Bitrus ya ba kuskure: matasa "arapchonok" hadu da tsammanin na gicciye. Daga yanzu, sunansa Gannibal Abram Petrovich. Haife newfound godson da Sarkin sarakuna a dukan takardun alama conventionally - 1697. Patronymic "Petrovich" ya samu ga Bitrus I, wanda kaina yi masa baftisma da shi. A Rasha Kotun "arapchonok" al'amurra da bangaskiyar Kirista, shi ya kasance wani Littafi Mai Tsarki sunan - Ibrahim, wani sunan bar Hannibal a cikin girmamawa da lashe Romawa da kuma sanannen Carthaginian kwamandan. A duk wannan, masana tarihi sun gani wani Bitrus hikima: sarki so ya matasa fi so abubuwa ne manyan abubuwa.

horo

Daga Rasha Gannibal Abram Petrovich, wanda biography ne daga yanzu canja da cika fuska, na tafi tare da wata wasika daga Peter Ina da kaina da Duke de Menou. A karshen wani dangi na Louis XV, kuma ya umarci dukan na sarauta manyan bindigogi. A cikin godson Sarkin sarakuna da yake daidai. Saurayi wuya ya yi karatu lissafi da aikin injiniya, karatu ballistics da USAID. Ya sauke karatu daga soja horo a cikin sahu na manyan bindigogi kyaftin. "Practice" shi da aka gudanar a Spain yaki, inda ya nuna mamaki ƙarfin hali, aka ko suka ji rauni.

Early aiki

Wannan tsarin kula da ilmantarwa kasance daidai da hujjar cewa Rasha tsar so gani a dabbobi. Bitrus ya hori Pet baya ga Rasha, amma Ibrahim Hannibal, kwatsam "makale" a Paris. City na soyayya da kuma ta'aziyya ne warai lured shi a cikin cibiyar sadarwa. Bugu da ƙari, wata kyau baki kyau "Ya idanu" aure wani tsofaffi Countess. Ta rantsuwa da halakarwar da Ibrahim, suka yi yaƙi guguwa romance, wanda mamaki ƙwarai da gaske da yawa a cikin manyan mukaman duniya. Haka kuma, labarin kusan cika a aikata abin kunya. Countess, ta yi ciki, ta haifi. Kuma, kamar yadda iya sa ran, shi da aka haifa ... a baki yaro. Da abin kunya da aka ɓõye ta sama, ko da yake da wahala. Husband ba - jadawali cewa ba zargin na cin amanar kasa matarsa, a lokacin haihuwa da aka aiko bãya, kuma maimakon baki don sanya fari shimfiɗar jariri, saya daga wasu matalauta iyali. Wannan guda yaro mika "a mai kyau hannayensu" a kan ilimi.

Tatsuniya baki "arapchonka"

Inda ya fito, m Ibrahim Hannibal? Abin da ya gaske a rayuwar mutum, don haka bisa ga abke, taso a cikin tarihi na Rasha? Dole ne in ce wannan ba hanyar da aka bayyana a cikin fim darektan Mitt. Yadda za a zahiri duba Gannibal Abram Petrovich? Hoto da shi, saboda wasu dalilai, bai zama ba, amma a cikin Paris National Museum akwai wani hoto, wanda aka sau da yawa dangana ga matasa godson Velikogo Petra. Kullum, mutum tana tattare da a da yawa asirai. Don fara da, da artist wanda Ya halitta hoto, aka haife shekara goma sha bakwai bayan Ibrahim ta mutuwa, don haka ba ya iya gani ainihin.

Bugu da kari, ba wanda ya san abin da ya faru da farko-haife sarki godson, suka haife Countess. Ko da yake Pushkin tare da mai kula da tattara bayanai game da ban mamaki m, ya rubuta kalmomin daga cikin dangi. Saboda haka, shi ne domin wasu su ce ko yaro ko da wani dabara na Alexander, ba zai yiwu ba. Abu daya ne wasu, Ibrahim Petrovich ya ba ja da kuma tef ba ke bi skirts. Ya aiki ne ya fi damuwa da hidima da kuma Al'arshi.

Ups, kuma hambarar

Komowa zuwa Rasha, ya yawo Bitrus, wani saurayi gaba daya suka mika wuya da sabis. Ya ci gaba da shi bayan da mutuwar giciye. Total Ibrahim Hannibal tsira bakwai Rasha sarakuna da empresses. Ku yãƙi ya daina yi. A tsawon rayuwar godson Bitrus gina da docks, mata kagarai da arsenals, ya jagoranci USAID ayyuka a yawa da suka shahara gine-gine a matsayin Petrine da postpetrovskoy zamanin, ciki har da Kronstadt da Paul sansanin soja.
A lokacin rayuwarsa, Gannibal Abram Petrovich, zũriyarsu har yanzu tara kayan game da shi, kuma suka ga wulãkantuwa, kuma ko da gajere gudun hijira a Siberia. Amma ya kasance da nisa daga yadi na ci gaba da gina. Lokacin da ya komo daga zaman talala, da zarar sake ya gudanar samun daraja da kuma arziki. A ganiya daga cikin aiki, godson Bitrus kai Empress Elizabeth. A 1759 ya aka bayar da mafi soja daraja da Janar-in-Chief, da kuma Alexander kintinkiri a kan kirji. Tun wannan lokacin ne, ya zama mai shiryar da Corps na Engineers karkashin sarki. Irin wannan babban kimantawa ta nasarori a kan Empress ya Gannibal Abram Petrovich.

iyali

Personal rayuwa shi ya da nisa daga m kuma ko da. Dan Hanya frivolous dangantakar, ya zo ya aure a matsayin wani m larura - don dalili na procreation. Lokacin da Ibrahim Hannibal a 1731-m hade farko aure, Bitrus ya daina kusa da shi. Moor aka zaba daya daga cikin na farko Greek Dioper - 'yar shugaban masu galley jiragen ruwa. Uba kansa a tashinta Evdokia ga shi, kõ dã ya kasance ango ne baki, amma a cikin sahu da kuma arziki. Amma ba ga tsawo farin ciki iyali farin ciki Gannibal Abram Petrovich. Matarsa ƙaunar juna. Ta tafi saukar da wani hanya da kuma da nufinsa, ta hanyar mahaifinsa umarni. Zaba daya daga mata zuciya da Lieutenant Kaysarovich ta wajenka, cikin soyayya. A aure, ta kasance m kuma, kamar yadda ta iya, rama mijinta da baki. Ba da da ewa Hannibal, tun samu "m" nadi, da iyalinsa ya koma birnin Pernau. Kwanan Evdokia da Kaysarovicha dole tsaya, amma sai ta yi sauri samu wani sabon lover - matasa shugaba Yakov Shishkov. Kuma nan da nan matarsa ta yi ciki. Hannibal aka sa idon da ɗansa, amma aka haife fari yarinya. Kuma ko da yake wannan ma ya faru a hali na gauraye aure, mijin duk da haka ya kasance mai tsananin sauti. Ya gilla doke matarsa. Haka kuma, cin mutunci Ibrahim bai daina: kurkuku m sanya a cikin wani azabtarwa jam'iyya. Kammala karatunsa Evdokia ransa a wani sufi.

Ibrahim bai tsaya shi kadai. Ba da da ewa sabon amarya tashinta. Wannan lokaci kuwa shi ne Jamus Christina von Shaberg. Kamar yadda 'yar wani hafsa na rajimanti Pernovskogo, ta an dauke su manyan-kaka na Pushkin - wani mawãƙi, wanda aka gauraye Afirka, Rasha da kuma Jamus jini. A 1736-m Ibrahim Hannibal karo na biyu a hukumance aure. Duk da haka, shi ne har yanzu ba zai yiwu a bayar da saki da Evdokia, don haka 'yan shekaru, Ibrahim Petrovich wani bigamist. Kawai matsayinsa a yarda don kauce wa wani abin kunya da kuma, ba shakka, da damuwa hade da shi. A karshe, kashe aure da Evdokia ya ya iya fitowa ne kawai bayan shekara goma sha bakwai - a 1753.

zuriyarsu

Ibrahim aure da Christina ya musamman m da kuma salon. Suna da 'ya'ya hudu mata, kuma' ya'ya maza biyar. Gannibal Abram Petrovich, wanda yara suka ko dai baki ko sosai duhu, da kuma ya yi farin ciki a ta biyu aure. Amma na biyu ƙarni - da jikoki - hankali samu Turai launin fata da kuma gyara man fuska siffofin Jamus. Kullum, a cakuda Afirka da kuma harbin sanyi na Jamus jini bada mamaki sakamakon. Daga cikin zuriyar Hannibal sun mai farin gashi da kuma blue-sa ido, ko, ko baki-sa ido da kuma duhu-skinned. Daya daga cikin 'ya'yansa - Osip - ya bauta wa a Navy. Ya auri 'yar da Tambov gwamna. Daga wannan aure da aka haife m 'yar - fatan cewa a cikin hasken da laƙabi "kyakkyawan Creole." Ta yi duhu gashi kuma idanu da kuma rawaya dabino - da wata ãyã daga Afirka genes. A 1796 "kyakkyawan Creole" aure mai tawali'u leftana Izmailovskii Sergeya Lvovicha Pushkina rajimanti, kuma a 1799, suna da wani dan - Alexander, nan gaba cikin babban waƙen, wanda kakan ya Gannibal Abram Petrovich.

ban sha'awa facts

An sani ga babban taimako ga ci gaban da ya godson Peter dankalin turawa a kasar mu. Farko da gadaje da dankali, kamar yadda aka sani, ya bayyana a Rasha a farkon Sarkin sarakuna. Petr Veliky wannan al'ada ne na girma a cikin Strelna, fatan yin amfani da shi a matsayin magani shuka. Catherine II guda, tunanin cewa "earthy apple" za a iya amfani da ramammu shekaru, danƙa Hannibal, wanda suke saba da wannan shuka, kokarin yi da dankalin turawa kiwo a gidan gona. Farmstead "Suyda", mallakar Ibrahim, shi ne na farko wuri a Rasha ƙasa, wanda da farko ya bayyana a farko kananan sa'an nan sararin filayen dasa tare da wannan amfanin gona. Ibrahim Hannibal rubuta memoirs, kuma a Faransa, amma a karshen rayuwarsa ya halakar da su.

Abin da ya m ya hali zuwa kagara. A 1743, a lokacin da ya mika wani ɓangare na da kauye da ake kira Ragoli Rentals bango Tirenu, ya na kunshe a cikin kwangila da wasu ban mamaki domin maki na lokaci, kamar hani kofur azãba dangane da manoma, da karuwa a shigar da dokoki na serfdom, da sauransu. D. A lokacin da farfesa karya su, Hannibal kare yarjejeniyar a kotu. A tsari ya sa rikice tsakanin gida gonaki, wanda, a cikin su view, kamata ya yi a same shi da laifi bango Tyrena cewa a karkashin dokar ba su dauke. Abram Hannibal ga gaci da tsari, amma a gaskiya shi ya yi Istoniyanci manoma. A karo na farko a cikin tarihin na serfdom a Rasha mai masauki gurfanar ga abin da ya azabtar da bulale manoma, ba mutunta kafa norms na serfdom.

Har yanzu, da biography na Hannibal ne mai yawa ba a sani ba. A gargajiya version na ta asalin da kuma wurin haihuwa nasaba gida Peter Moor da Abisiniya - Ethiopia ta arewa. Amma kwanan nan nazarin cewa yana da Sorbonne digiri na biyu Benin Slavic Dieudonné Gnammank, author of "Abram Hannibal", gane shi a matsayin gida na zamani iyakar Chadi da kuma Kamaru. Akwai sau daya ne a sultanate Logon kabila Kotoko. Kuma cewa shi ne zuriyar cewa wayewa, bisa ga mawallafin, kuma ya Hannibal.

Karshen rayuwa

Mafi yawa daga cikin zuriyar godson Bitrus na farko da na biyu da al'ummomi - dogon-fãsiƙanci. Kansa ya kafa wannan m sunan mutu yana da shekaru tamanin da biyar, watanni biyu bayan rasuwar m matarsa, Christine. Ya fito a cikin 1761, a ja da baya, ya ciyar da sauran rai a cikin daya daga cikin mutane da yawa kadarori a total sirri.