A mafi kyau da zane-zanen Dzhotto Di Bondone kuma siffarsu

Kalmomi da za a iya sanya ayyukan da babban Italian fenta Giotto di Bondone - shi Lines daga cikin mawãƙi Arseniya Tarkovskogo:

Ina da wani mutum, ina a tsakiyar duniya,

Domin ni dubban infusoria,

Kafin ni mai dubun na taurari.

Na tafi zuwa ga cikakken tsawo tsakanin su -

Biyu bankuna m Sea,

Biyu sarari da alaka da wata gada.

Wadannan kalmomi bayyana ba kawai marubuci, amma kuma cikin dukan lokacin da ya rayu. Zane-zane ta hanyar Giotto kuma shi ne guda gada da cewa alaka tsakanin matakai biyu a cikin art na zanen.

The kafa na zamani zane

Giotto zauna a nuna na ƙarni biyu - 13th da kuma 14th. Daidai tsakiyar ransa ya faru a wannan zamani, da kuma wannan zamanin a cikin duniya da al'adun da ake kira zamanin Dante da Giotto. Sun kasance Sahaban.

Hadishi Merab Mamardashvili game da zane-zane ta hanyar Giotto da zarar ya ce: "Giotto aka saki a cikin transcendental sifili". Wannan hadadden magana a cikin lokaci sanya da yawa dariya. Amma idan ka yi tunani game da shi, ko kuma wajen duk wannan ba za a iya ce. Bayan Giotto matsayin artist fara daga karce.

Ku dubi mafi shahara zane-zane na Giotto. Abin da ya yi a cikin zane-zane, da ya kawo shawara ga art, babu daya kafin shi ya taba yi. Ya fara daga karce, da kuma watakila, a cikin wannan ma'ana, kowane mutum na baiwa da ke shiga transcendental sifili. Michelangelo, Pol Sezann da Kazimir Malevich aikata. Sun fara daga farkon, daga karce. A wannan ma'ana, kuma Giotto kai tushensu sifili. Saboda shi za a iya ce quite calmly kuma amincewa: shi ta fara da Giotto Bondone zamani Turai zanen.

Mafi shahara halittun

Abin da muka sani zane-zane ta hanyar Giotto? Wannan ne "girmama da Magi", "Presentation a cikin Haikali", "The Entombment", "Blessing Anna," "The Crucifixion", "The Miracle of Madogararsa." Giotto di Bondone zane-zane da kuma murals ga ɗakin sujada rubuta Del Arena a PADUA, domin majami'u a Florence da Assisi. Ya rubutun hannu ba zai iya zama rude tare da style of sauran artists. Description na zane-zane ta hanyar Giotto - a retrospective na Bishara misãli. Ya bar mana images of Kirista tsarkaka, kamar St. Francis sadarwa. Lawrence, sadarwa. Stephen, John Bogoslov et al.

Giotto ta zane-zane da lakabi a Bugu da kari ga PADUA, Florence, da Vatican ne a cikin kasida na tarin irin wannan gidajen tarihi a matsayin Jacquemart-Andre da LOUVRE a Faransa, a cikin National Gallery of Art, a Birnin Washington da kuma Raleigh (University of North Carolina), a Paris, a Jamus da kuma a Birtaniya .

Kafin shi an icon, ko Byzantine art soma a cikin Turai duniya. Zane-zane Dzhotto Di Bondone da sunayen Littafi Mai Tsarki batutuwa magana don kansu. Amma wannan ba icon. Wannan shi ne sanannen "Madonna na Ognissanti", housed a cikin Uffizi, da kuma zanen Giotto "Flight cikin Misira".

Ba Littafi Mai Tsarki haruffa corporeality

Biographer na Italian artists Dzhordzho Vazari gaya mana labari cewa wanzu a wannan lokaci, wani almajiri na Giotto, Cimabue artist. Kuma a cikin gidan kayan gargajiya na gaba zuwa cikin Uffizi rataya biyu zane-zane, biyu daga Madonna - Madonna Madonna Cimabue da Giotto.

Idan kuka dubi biyu Madonnas da kuma gwada su, ko da idan ba ka san wani abu game da art, za ka iya ganin bambanci ba kawai tsakanin biyu artists, amma kuma tsakanin biyu dazamani, tsakanin biyu sosai daban-daban ka'idojin. Za ka ga cikakken bambanci. Za ka fahimci cewa su ne a cikin wani mabanbanta ji wannan duniya.

Cimabue zane-zane da rashin ladabi, m, shi za a iya ce da shi ne - ba kawai da artist Byzantine, na da da kuma gothic. Ya disembodied Madonna, mamaki da kyau, na ado. Long yatsunsu, dogon makamai ba ci gaba da jariri, da kuma yin wata ãyã cewa su kana kiyaye shi. Ta fuska ake bayyana wuce a Byzantine zanen Gabas Canon kunkuntar fuska, dogon idanu, mai bakin ciki hanci, bakin ciki a idanunsa. Wannan lebur ethereal canonical matukar zanen icons fuska. Ba wani mutum, ba da irin hali da kuma fuska.

A rataye gaba da icon, ko, ka ce, yana da wani hoto na Giotto. A kan kursiyin, inlaid, kyau kursiyin, a wani salon da cewa kawai sai aka wuce, kawai ya zama gaye. Wannan inlaid marmara. Matar take a zaune m-shouldered, da karfi, da matasa, da zama ja cikakken kunci. Da tabbaci rike da hannayensu baby. Beautiful fari shirt. A jikin jaddada da iko. Kuma ta calmly kallon mu. A ta fuskar babu wahala. Yana cike da high adam a cikin mutuncinsa da zaman lafiya. Wannan ba Madonna, ba wani icon na Virgin. Yana Madonna a cikin Italian daga baya ji kuma fahimtar wannan batu. Wannan ne shi, da Maryamu, da kuma na da kyau lady.

Za mu iya cewa da tabbaci ba abin da ya yi Giotto zanen, kiyaye a Turai art zuwa impressionism. Yana Giotto halitta abin da zamani a harshen da aka kira abun da ke ciki. Mene ne abun da ke ciki? Wannan shi ne yadda za a artist ganin mãkirci, kamar yadda ya kamar yadda ya shayi. Ya taka rawar da wani mai shaida, jam'iyyar events. Yana halitta da mafarki cewa mutum yana can.

Ikon mallakar na mãkirci mataki

Wannan ne artist kansa shi ne marubuci, darektan da actor na zane-zane. Halittarsa - shi ne wani nau'i ne na wasan kwaikwayo a cikin abin da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da aiki da kuma directing wadannan' yan wasan kwaikwayo ya - da artist. "Na yi a can! Kalma ba, na yi ba, da kuma cewa gaskiya ne, "- ya ce ya halittun kusan Giotto. To, shi ne shi yin tunanin a cikin na da hankali da wannan da'awar!

Giotto bayyana mana da mutum wanda yake da alhakin abin da ya rubuta. Kuma ya zane-zane, kamar "Kiss of Yahuda" da kuma "The Flight cikin Misira" - wannan mural, rubuta da wani mashaidi zuwa mataki.

Fresco fentin da artist

Around 1303 Giotto ya na ƙwarai tayin - domin fenti mai kananan coci, wanda aka gina a birnin PADUA a cikin Roman Arena. Biographer na Giotto, ko kuma wajen, daya daga cikin Malaman tarihi Dzhordzho Vazari bar sosai ban sha'awa bayani. Ya ce, da Giotto PADUA zo zuwa cin da coci wani ɗan gajeren lokaci gaba na kamfanin, cewa shi ne, gwarazansa. A wannan hanya kamar yadda a tsakiyar zamanai Andrei Rublev ya rubuta sahabbai, kamar yadda a cikin West daga cikin coci aka fentin da wani artist tare da mai girma sunan, yan'uwansu, cewa shi ne, tare da m birged. "Kiss of Yahuda" - da mural, wanda ya rubuta da kansa. Da alama, wannan shi ne daya daga cikin 'yan shi da cikakken aiki na marubucin a matsayin "Triniti" Rublev, kuma ta gaske cikakken bayyana ainihi daga Giotto.

"Kiss of Yahuda": bayanin irin hoto

Kuma idan muka dubi mural "The Kiss Yahuda", sa'an nan nan da nan ta zaɓa idanu na abun da ke ciki cibiyar. A cibiyar, babban ban mamaki events faruwa. Mun ga yadda Yahuda yalwa Almasihu, garwaya da shi. Kuma wadannan biyu Figures - tsakiyar. Mun iya ganin a dama, kamar yadda babban firist ya shiga Haikali a Urushalima. Ya aka nuna Almasihu. Kuma a kan hagu mun ga Manzo Bitrus, wanda yake hana sau uku kafin zakara ya yi cara sau uku, amma har yanzu ja daga a burodi wuka da kuma yanke kunnuwansu. Mun gani da shi tare da wannan wuka jefa gāba da Yahuza, amma ya hanyar da aka katange da wani taro, da kuma idan muka bi shugabanci na hannun babban firist da shugabanci na wuka, sai mu ga cewa Lines converge a kan alkyabbar Yahuza, kawai a kan fuskõkinsu. Saboda haka, zamu iya cewa da cibiyar da abun da ke ciki ba ko da guda biyu, shiga tare, da kuma fuskoki biyu. Wannan shi ne, daga wannan lokaci ne mai ban sha'awa don karanta wannan abun da ke ciki.

Makamashi da kuma tsanani

Ko da yaushe a kan Giotto ce da wasu irony: "Abin da ya bude Giotto?". Alal misali, a cikin "Amarcord" Fellini, lokacin da malamin makaranta a kan ma'adanin na tambayar cewa halitta da Giotto, da dalibai ihu a unison: "Hangen zaman". Yana da matukar ban dariya. Bayan duk, babu fuskar Giotto ba a halitta. Wannan shi ne wani ba daidai ba sanarwa. Ya bai halitta da hange da kuma wani sarari na hoto, inda sarari ne da za a gane da mataki bar su a baya kafin masu sauraro.

Take a look at cikin mural "The Kiss Yahuda". Akwai wani taron mutane. Kuma da jama'a suka yi a cikin dare. A cikin duhu sama jiniyoyi, da kona dama da hagu. Za ka ji motsi da sararin sama. A cikin duhu sama da fitilu, harshen wuta canza, ba za ka ji tashin hankali da wutar lantarki na taro. Mene ne ban sha'awa a cikin taro? Da cewa shi ne ba sha'aninsu dabam. A wannan taro, idan ka duba a hankali, tsara kusan kowane ɗan takara. Akwai kawai m canjawa wuri jihar.

Mnogovremonnost

Giotto shi ne na farko amma kuma na karshe. Ya, suka ce, ba kawai saita, amma kuma yanke shawarar wata babbar lamba na matsaloli, ba kawai da samar da wani song, "I, Giotto, da yanke shawara ban mamaki ganin haka: a nan ne haruffa, a nan ne na mawaka," kuma idan aiki ne psychologically a lokacin da ya more nuna a daya yi mnogovremonnost.

Kowane daga cikin murals ne mai girma mamaki, har ma da bewilderment. Ta yaya mutum zai iya domin a rayuwa ba tare da gabaceku, kamar yadda suka faɗa, za kome tushensu, halitta daga karce wani zamani Turai art, da abun da ke ciki a matsayin wucin gadi mataki a matsayin causal dangantaka, saturate ta lokaci baza da manya-manyan yawan m inuwõyinta suna kusa?

ƙarshe

A cikin wannan labarin, ba mu da fiye ko žasa da cikakken kadai biyu zane-zane ta hanyar Giotto mai suna "Yahuza Kiss" da "Madonna na Ognissanti." Wizard, za ka iya sha'awan da iyaka. Suna iya duba for hours, amma a rayuwa shi ne bai isa ya yi magana game da dukan ayyukan da Giotto di Bondone, wanda zane-zane da aka mai daraja da lokaci, da kuma ya zauna a cikin lokaci. Dukan su - mafi girma halittar artist da kuma mutumin da ya fara daga karce.