Howitzer "Hyacinth". Igwa "Hyacinth-B": fasaha bayani dalla-dalla da kuma hotuna

Aƙalla 50-60-ies karni na karshe, ci gaban gargajiya igwa manyan bindigogi a cikin Tarayyar Soviet kusan tsaya. Sa'an nan, a cikin soja rukunan da rinjaye view cewa nan gaba - na roka. A irin wannan yanayi, developers na al'ada da makamai da yin aiki tukuru don shawo kasar shugabannin da bukatar kara ci gaba da wannan reshe na soja da kayan aiki.

A karshe tattaka shi ne halin da ake ciki a wasu "zafi spots" na lokaci, a lokacin da tsohon Soviet howitzer ne ya fi latest aukuwa na American gunsmiths. Yana bayyana howitzer "Hyacinth" a wannan lokaci. Its halitta alama farkon wani sabon zamanin a cikin abin da darajar da na gargajiya igwa manyan bindigogi riga aka ba jayayya. kai-propelled raka'a tare da wannan sunan da aka halitta a karkashi, wanda wannan rana ne a sabis a duniya.

Basic fasaha bayanai

Don haka ya kira Soviet samar towed gun zamo abin da yake 152 mm. Haka kuma, shi nasa ne category da nauyi manyan bindigogi. Wannan dabara ne aka yi nufi ga kashe da kuma cikakken halakar maƙiyi dakaru, manyan bindigogi, sulke da motocin da kuma magance abokan gaba a kan Maris, kazalika domin lalata masu garu umurnin posts da kuma wuraren taro na maƙiyi sojojin.

Kamar sauran irin wannan Soviet kayan aiki, howitzer "Hyacinth" za a iya samu nasarar amfani da mai fadi da kewayon yanayin da yanayin damina. Ba su zama da tushe, mu ba da wani kankare misali. Saboda haka, a cikin gwaje-gwaje da shi ya nuna sakamako mai kyau a lokacin da harbe-harben a cikin yanayi na yanayi na zafin jiki daga -50 ° C zuwa +50 ° C. Wannan igwa tsaye a kan Rasha Armed Forces, kazalika da sauran kasashe, da ɓangare na Tarayyar Soviet. Bugu da kari, da howitzer "Hyacinth" An dauke da makamai da Finnish sojojin.

Brief Historical Fage

Development of wani sabon nau'in makamai ya fara a 1968 a Perm. yin wani sabon gun, da halaye na wanda zai zama m zuwa data kasance analogues a kan cewa rana, daya ya da wani aiki domin developers daga farkon. Tun daga farko, aka kaddamar da zane na iri biyu shigarwa. farko - towed howitzer "Hyacinth 2A36", na biyu - a model 2A37. The latest gun nufi don hawa a kan wani kai-propelled manyan bindigogi da irin wannan sunan.

Da farko, da shugaban zanen da aka nada a talented m yn Kalachnikov. Ya kamata a lura da cewa na farko harbi bindigogi samfurori da aka nuna riga a 1971-1972 shekaru. By Soviet sojojin shi ya fara a tsĩrar da 1976. Me ake irin wannan karamin zamo gun for "Hyacinth" da aka zaba? Howitzer 240 mm zai zama mafi tasiri a cikin sharuddan na fama ikon, shi ke kawai ga harkokin sufuri na irin wannan dodo sun sami ci gaba na musamman tractors.

A dalilai domin shahararsa

Ko a yau, da "wanda aka rabu amfani" model 2A36 yana da kyau kwarai halaye da cewa yin howitzer karaya makami. An halin mai girma fama ikon, high motsi da kuma aminci. Yana za a iya hawa ba tare da musamman matsalolin da dogo, teku, da kuma ta hanyar iska. Idan gun "Hyacinth" amfani da wani gogaggen tawagar, shi za a iya samu nasarar amfani da kusan dukkan yanayi na zamani yaƙi.

Domin bayanai a kan fasaha na'urar

A gun sanye take da wata ƙõfa semiautomatic irin hydro-pneumatic recuperator, wanda yayi amfani da recoil makamashi na ganga komawa zuwa ga asali matsayi bayan yin harbi. Don sauƙaƙe handling da nauyi harsasai, akwai sarkar feed inji na biyu da harsashi da kuma korar foda cajin (raba caji bawo).

Domin da samfurin kai tsaye daga Maris na bursts (dauka posted ƙafafun) pallet aka yi amfani da wani iko da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa jack. A gun tsarin samar tsaye shiriya biyu gudun inji. Kai tsaye kayan aiki ne 152 mm zamo gun, model 2A36. A muzzle birki total ganga tsawon na 8197 mm.

fama tayin

Ya ƙãga halittarku a gun "Hyacinth" a cikin karusa da uku goyon bayan ga abin da ya yi kama da 122-mm towed howitzer D-30. Biyu daga cikin uku gado ne m, don haka da cewa tayin da baturi hanya ƙasa ne in mun gwada sauki. By lokacin wannan aiki daukan a cikin lissafi ta shirya babu fiye da biyu ko uku da minti. Tun da gun nauyi ne gwada da kananan (game da goma ton), da misali sojojin tarakta za a iya amfani ga harkokin sufuri.

Abin da dabaru za a iya amfani towing?

Ka lura da cewa don wannan dalili za a iya amfani da motoci KrAZ-255, KrAZ-260 (6x6) ko misali crawler tarakta AT-T, ATC, ATS-59 ATS, MT-T, abin da suke a sabis tare da kusan duk na} asashen dake cikin Warsaw yarjejeniya. Abin sha'awa, a lokacin da karusa da aka yarda ta wajen wani tarakta ta motsi gudun zuwa 60 km / h. Wannan "Hyacinth-B" kwantanta favorably tare da sauran towed howitzers, a tsaye a sabis na kasar mu da kuma NATO.

Magance da tasiri

Masauki a wani karusa daga wani makami ne mai iko sanya yiwu godiya ga cewa an yi amfani da da muzzle birki na musamman zane, wanda a yarda kamar sau biyu ƙananan dawo. Don sauƙaƙe lissafi na aikin, bayar da na'urar sarkar projectiles samar da zane. A saman akwai wani haske inji matsara cewa kare ma'aikatan daga harsasai da kuma shrapnel. Amma ballistic yi, su ne kusan guda kamar yadda na howitzer ML-20.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa tare da gina wani m garkuwa zanen kaya da yawa rikici a lokacin. Gaskiyar cewa asalin gwajin da sojoji bikin mataki ne musamman karfi muzzle. Yana ba kawai tãyar da girgije daga turɓãya, gaba daya unmasking da abokan gaba, amma zai iya haifar da mumunan rauni lissãfi. A nazarin duk wannan bayani, da zanen gudanar ya halicci gwada da m amma tasiri garkuwa, wanda a wasu lokuta shi ne iya yin tsayayya ko da na'ura gun harbe-harben manyan bindigogi matsayi.

underride inji

Kamar yadda muka riga ya ce, a cikin zane kayayyakin amfani muzzle birki slotted irin. Amma shi bai isa ba ga leveling daga cikin karfi recoil lokacin da harbe-harben da wani 152-millimeter harsashi. Don gaba daya kawar da lissafi na rauni da kuma inganta harbi daidaito, designers sun bayar da wata na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa birki da kuma pneumatic recuperator.

Ba kamar sauran m howitzers, da karshen mai cike da nitrogen. Wannan damar inert gas su bice iko tasiri projectiles tare da wata babbar yadda ya dace.

Features bawo

Ya kamata a lura cewa musamman ga "Hyacinth-B" a lokacin da musamman Shots domin raba-hali loading da aka ɓullo da. Yana da alaka da cewa ya zama m hadaddun aiki da kuma m yanayi kafin zanen kaya. Su na da haifar da makami, wanda yana da isasshen motsi da kuma portability da high fama ikon. Bugu da kari, da gun zai yi bauta a kan fiye da uku ko hudu mutane.

Don haka bari mu lissafa duk main iri bawo cewa za a iya amfani da "Hyacinth". Howitzer, wanda hoton ne a cikin takarda, harbe da wadannan iri harsasai:

• VOF39 model. Standard harbi a cikin zane hada da high-m cajin RP-29. A total nauyi ne 46 kilo, wanda 6,73 kg sun musamman m m sa A-IX-2.
• Rubuta ZVOF86. Yana da ban sha'awa saboda shi yana da tsarin a roka-taimaka dako RP-59 model, tare da abin da kuke iya amincewa buga manufa a nisa daga sama zuwa 33,5 kilomita.
• musamman nukiliya bam na low damar ya ma an ci gaba (0.1-2 kg). Ya kamata a lura cewa a wannan lokacin wadannan tarin harsasai dakatar da wani yawan tarurrukan. Duk da haka, har yanzu kana bukatar ka tuna cewa howitzer "Hyacinth", wanda halaye an nuna a cikin takarda, iya wuta wadannan tarin harsasai. Wannan ya sa shi wani hadarin gaske musamman makami tsakanin iri-iri na tube manyan bindigogi.
• Shot cassette irin 3O-13. Za a iya sanye take da fragmentation submunitions, a lokacin akwai tari tarin harsasai, wanda amfani da nasu tunani-burin submunitions. High fama yi aka samu ta hanyar amfani da zamani manufar masu auna sigina. In mun gwada kwanan nan kasance ɓullo da bawo, wanda za a iya amfani da su janye jammer tsoma baki mayar da manufa maƙiyi manyan bindigogi.
• Akwai kuma wani anti-tarawa shot (harbi kawai kai tsaye wuta) da kuma hayaki da bama-bamai.

fama da aikace-aikacen

Practical aiki a Afghanistan yanayi ya nuna cewa daya minti shirya da kuma horar da lissafi iya nuna game da biyar ko shida Shots. A general, da soja sake dubawa game da wannan makami ne sosai flattering: ikon da kyaun ballistics na projectiles iya tabbatar da su hallaka kusan duk wani maƙiyi kufaifan.

Ka lura da cewa a cikin wannan yanayi da Gunners yi aiki sosai wuya, kamar yadda na gani dubawa a raga sun kusan ba, kuma m dutsen weather ƙwarai dagula ko kai tsaye wuta. A lokaci guda, "Hyacinth" cancanci mu fitarwa na yaki, saboda ta high AMINCI: ko da bayan da dama dozin Shots kora a lokaci guda, da bindigogi sun kasance a shirye domin kara fama.

Lura cewa 152-mm howitzer "Hyacinth" quite rayayye amfani da mu da sojoji a duka biyu Chechnya yakin. Fama ikon da wannan kayan aiki fiye da sau daya sanya mai kyau sabis, tun da shi za a iya yi ba tare da wata wahala ba don halakar da matsayi na mayakan, har idan suka gyarawa a wani m kankare gine-gine. Da dama volleys na kai tsaye wuta - da kuma na pillboxes zauna kawai dutsen gini juji.

girma bindigogi

A gun yana da matukar ban sha'awa girma: ta tsawon shi ne game da 13 mita a stowed matsayi, a harbe-harben da nuna alama ne dan kadan karami - game 12.5 m tsawo daga cikin akwati a stowed matsayi ne 2760 millimeters .. Ground yarda biaxial shasi - 475 millimeters. Da nisa daga cikin bugun jini - 2340 mm. A diamita kowane daga cikin hudu ƙafafun ne 1080 millimeters, nisa na tayoyin - 300 millimeters.

Operating matsa lamba a cikin tayoyin da ya kamata a kiyaye a 4.8 kg / cm² bugun jini marẽmari ne kamar 150 mm. Howitzer Tã "Hyacinth-B" game da 9800 kilo. Iyakar kewayo na wuta high-m bawo ne 28,5 kilomita. A abin nesa iya har yanzu harba "Hyacinth"? Howitzer, da harbe-harben da kewayon wanda a al'ada yanayi ya kai 25-28 dubu mita, a cikin hali na yin amfani da zamani roka iya wuta a nesa na 41 kilomita.

Duk wannan ya nuna cewa gun, wanda suka fara samar a cikin 60-ies karni na karshe, har yanzu halin da m yi a fagen yaƙi.

wasu gyare-gyare

High fama iko da tasiri na amfani da (kai-propelled howitzer "Hyacinth" samu "Kisan kare dangi" laƙabi) da gudummawar da cewa da yawa Enterprises a cikin Tarayyar Soviet ya fara bayar da nasu iri na gyara irin wannan amfani da makami. Daya daga cikin zabin samu BR code. Harafin "K" na nuna kartuzny irin Loader. A ka'ida, wannan dabarar aka sa ran: gaban a cikin tsarin da 152-millimeter dako tagulla hannun riga muhimmanci ƙara da kudin.

An kuma sanya da dama 155-millimeter "Hyacinth", akayi nufi don fitarwa zuwa kasashen da amfani da manyan bindigogi bawo NATO misali.