A matakin ci gaban tattalin arziki na kasashen makwabta na Faransa. Wanne kasashen da ke da iyaka France?

Yau za mu yi magana game da matakin na ci gaban tattalin arziki na kasashen makwabta na Faransa. Shi ne mafi girma kasashen Turai bayan Rasha da Ukraine. Yau, kasar ne a upsurge. Yana raya masana'antu da kuma bunkasa harkar noma.

Duk da haka, wani gagarumin tasiri a cikin kungiyar tarayyar Turai juna da iyaka jihar.

A kan abin da dama da kalubale ne a Faransa makwabta, za mu yi magana da kara.

Faransa da makwabta

Kafin akai la'akari da matakin na ci gaba da kasashen makwabta na Faransa, shi ne magana game da yadda, wanda, a gaskiya, shi ne jihar da kan iyakoki.

Actual makwabta a Turai ne 8 kasashen - Monaco, Andorra, Luxembourg, Jamus, Italiya, Switzerland, Belgium da kuma Spain. Amma akwai kuma uku "kasashen waje" makwabcin.

Wadannan kasashen da ke da iyaka da Faransa dũkiyarku a Latin America. Mafi yawa wannan tsibirin. Daga cikin su shi ne ya kamata a lura Guadeloupe, Martinique, zumunci da Mayotte. Har ila yau akwai wani babban yankin jihar Guiana.

Belgium

A babban matakin ci gaban tattalin arziki na Belgium suka fara samar da tashi ta hanyar da na da samar. Ba abin mamaki da wannan kasa da ake kira "Jihar-shop." Liege da Antwerp ne mashahuri gunsmiths da sana'a da lu'u-lu'u kasuwanci, Flanders - tsakiyar yadi masana'antu a Turai.

A general, magana game da Mulkin Belgium, ba a ma maganar daya alama. Har zuwa karshen yakin duniya na II, ya tafi bayyana delineation na yankunan da masana'antu. Saboda haka, wasu sun arziki isa, sauran mutane da more suna fadin albashi.

Tun shekarar 1945, yafi saboda da "koyaswar Galopina", akwai wani kaifi ci gaban da jihar. Kusan a ko'ina akwai haske masana'antu masana'antu a Flanders fara samar da matatun mai, Antwerp zama na uku mafi girma tashar jiragen ruwa a Turai. Bugu da kari, a Brussels canjawa wuri hedkwatar NATO da kuma wasu sauran al'ummomi.

A kasar ta samu biyu recessions. A 1980-1982 shekaru, a lokacin da kasafin kudin gaira kai matakin na 13% na GDP, gwamnatin bashi ƙara muhimmanci, kazalika da rashin aikin yi. Biyu koma bayan tattalin arziki ya faru a 1992-1993. A wannan rikicin, da sauran GDP girma fadi kusan kashi biyu cikin dari.

Amma tun 1994, matakin da ci gaban tattalin arziki na Belgium fara tashi. Da mulki a yau, ta shiga wani farin band a cikin wannan yanki. Duk da rikicin siyasa da shekaru na 2007-2010, GDP da aka girma, da kuma kasafin kudin gaira, da kuma rashin aikin yi da ke fadowa.

Yau, GDP da capita ne a kusa da 38-40 dala dubu. A cewar 2010 ya kasance a matakin 38 700 daloli.

Spain

Yau, da matakin da ci gaban tattalin arziki a Spain ne a wani babban matakin. Bisa kididdigar da ta 2012, jihar bautarka ta goma sha huɗu wuri a cikin duniya ranking na kasashen.

Babban reshe na tattalin arzikin, gargajiya zuwa Mulkin Spain tun tsakiyar zamanai, ya noma. The girma na kwanakin, almonds, da zaituni da kuma rake har yanzu ana fitar dashi da cewa State. Za ka yi mamaki, amma yawan amfanin ƙasa na Spanish shinkafa ne mafi girma a duniya. Bugu da kari, jihar na samar da wani babban girma na alkama, da ruwan inabi, da Citrus. A fagen aikin noma suna da hannu kawai game da uku cikin dari na aiki yawan jama'a.

Amma da rawar da haddasa wannan ga tattalin arziki, a wannan mataki ne sharply rage. Yau, akwai wani m girma a samar da takalma, kayayyakin gyara ga motoci, inji kayayyakin aiki, da kuma audio bidiyo kayan aiki, da magunguna.

Idan muka magana game da duniya statistics a filin na goma sha huɗu, da samar duniyoyin, Spain ne a saman biyar na kowane daga cikin segments.

Abin mamaki, da matakin da ci gaban tattalin arziki na Spain wuya rinjayar da rashin aikin yi. A kullum ga kasar da aka dauke su ta index a cikin 8-10%. Ga} asashe da dama, wannan zai zama wata babbar duka. Spain kuma kubutar da quite wani babban mataki na doka da aikin yi da kuma cikin karkashin kasa tattalin arziki.

Italiya

A matakin ci gaban tattalin arziki na Italiya ne sosai daban-daban yankuna. Idan arewacin yankunan suna more ci gaba a kudi na masana'antu Enterprises, da kudu nisa a baya a cikin wannan girmamawa. A cikin kasa da suka ci gaba yankunan da inuwa tattalin arzikin a zaune lafiya.

Babban bũlãlar da tattalin arzikin na Italiya - shi ne bisa doka ba baƙi musamman, da kuma dukan shige da fice a general. Sun zo nan a search na fi rayuwar mutane daga "na uku a duniya." Musamman rare ne kudancin yankunan, kamar yadda a can za ka iya sauri samun aiki a fagen aikin noma. Masu daukan ma'aikata ma shirya irin wannan halin da ake ciki. Illegals dauki ga su ayyuka karamin fee a tsabar kudi, don haka shi ne zai yiwu don ciyar yawa kudi ba tare da sanin haraji hukumomi.

Yau, da matakin da ci gaban tattalin arziki na Italiya ne na uku mafi girma a Turai. A manyan masana'antu da cewa ci gaba da kasar "da ninkaya", wadannan: mota da mota motocin, fari kaya (refrigerators, da dai sauransu), takalma, tufafi, noodles, da zaituni, cuku, da ruwan inabi, da 'ya'yan itace gwangwani.

Yau, da capita GDP (data daga 2013) ne game da 30 000 daloli. The hukuma yawan marasa aikin yi ne a kusa da bakwai da cent (2006), da kuma hauhawar farashin kaya - 1.5% (2006).

Shi ne saboda da dogon tarihi da kuma musamman da kwarewa na kamfanoni a Arewa na Italiya, kasar na iya yin tsayayya da wani m rikicin a kudancin yankunan da iko kwarara doka, kuma doka shige da fice.

Jamus

A matakin ci gaban tattalin arziki na Jamus shi ne mafi girma a Turai da kuma na biyar a cikin ranking na kasashen. Yana hasarar kawai irin Refayawa kamar Amurka, China, Japan da kuma Indiya.

A matsayin ci gaba post-masana'antu jumhuriya, Jamus babba adadin babban birnin kasar samu daga cikin sabis na kansu. Shi ne a cikin wannan bangaren shi ne ya fi jobs. Ta kuma rike da 78% na GDP (a 2011).

A peculiarity na Jamus tattalin arziki halin da ake ciki shi ne wani dogon lokacin da riko da wani zaman jama'a kasuwar model. Wannan yayi shafi kusa hadin gwiwa na kungiyoyin kwadago da kuma ma'aikata, a high haraji kudi. A babban alama wannan model aka kawota a zuciya na kasuwanci da kuma jama'a da manufofin, wadda tabbatar da ci gaban da kasuwar da kuma mafi ko da raba dukiya.

A daya hannun, shi ya ba mai girma sakamakon da gudummawar da m dawo kasar bayan biyu hasarori a cikin duniya yaƙe-yaƙe. Yau, da matakin da ci gaban tattalin arziki a Jamus ne sosai high, amma wannan sabon abu yana da wani duhu gefe.

Very babban matakin haraji haifar da babban yawan dogara da ita. A kwatankwaci da, misali, a cikin tsakiyar 1990s, deductions ga haraji a Jamus ya kai 65%, yayin da a Amurka - game da 32%. Bisa kididdigar da, daga $ 100 net biya a cikin gudunmawar da zamantakewa hukuma deducted $ 81.

Yau, da haraji a kan undistributed ribar - 50%. Na GDP a shekarar 2013 - game da 40 dala dubu da capita, yawan marasa aikin yi - 5.5%, da kuma hauhawar farashin kaya - 2.1%.

Switzerland

Mu ci gaba da la'akari da matakin da ci gaban tattalin arziki na kasashen makwabta na Faransa. A takaice manyan makwabta, kamar Italiya, Spain da kuma Jamus da aka yi karatu. Yanzu muna magana game da kananan jihohi. Na farko shi ne wani bayyani na Swiss Confederation.

Wannan kasa ko shi ne mai arziki isa, amma da yake a kai tsaye gwargwado ga kasashen waje da manufofin da dangantakar kasa da kasa. Babban yankin inda samu babbar kudi gudana, shi ne banki. Yau a Switzerland akwai fiye da ɗari huɗu da bankuna. Saboda kasar neutrality da kuma halin asiri game abokin ciniki bayanai, tsabar kudi kwarara ne na girma kowace shekara.

Baya ga wannan bangaren, matakin ci gaban tattalin arziki na Switzerland shafi Pharmaceutical, sunadarai, masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci, da samar da Watches, cuku da kuma cakulan.

Muhimmanci, Oddly isa, shi ne noma. Yana kai wata musamman tsari da gwamnati. Shi ne da manoma da suke tsunduma a samar da kayayyakin tsabtace muhalli daga shuka da dabbobi asalin, bayar da muhimmanci haraji amfanin.

To isasshen ci gaba a Switzerland ne duniyoyin da inshora da kuma harkokin yawon shakatawa. A karshen, musamman, ya kawo jihar fiye da rabin biliyan francs a shekara.

Luxembourg

A wannan labarin, za mu yi la'akari da matakin da ci gaban tattalin arziki na kasashen makwabta na Faransa. Yanzu za mu mayar da hankali a kan karamin kasar, wanda occupies wani abu matsayi a cikin ci gaba da kuma ci gaba na al'ummar jihar.

Duchy maida hankali ne akan wani yanki na biyu kawai da rabi dubu murabba'in kilomita. A jama'ar ne a kusa da rabin mutane miliyan. Amma GDP da capita ne game da 129 dala dubu.

Babban reshe, wanda rinjayar da matakin na ci gaban tattalin arziki na Luxembourg, shi ne mai manyan masana'antu. A musamman, har 1997, ya yi da iyakar gudu da karfe kasuwanci. Yau da shi ba a aiki, babu tsãwa makera, karfe sarrafa daga ya da.

Ainihin samun kudin shiga yawan samu daga cikin sabis na kansu, yawon shakatawa, banki da cinikayya. Fiye da rabin na aiki jama'ar na Duchy aiki a wadannan yankunan.

A yawon shakatawa da aka mamaye biyu trends - mura da kuma rataya-gliding. A filin na kudi a matsayin mafi girma da daukaka yana cikin teku. Saboda haka, a cikin duchy na Luxembourg ne fiye da biyu da ɗari na duniya bankuna.

Tare da irin wannan babban ci gaba, Oddly isa, ya ci gaba da zama da kuma aikin noma. A mafi gargajiya ne da wadannan sassa - dabbobi, innabi kasuwanci da kuma noma.

Monaco

Idan ka yi kokarin gano abin da kasashen da ke da iyaka Faransa a cikin saba siyasa taswirar Turai, ba za ka iya lura da jihohin biyu, wanda muka tattauna a kasa.

A farko daga cikin wadannan - da sarauta daga Monaco. Yana da wani kananan kasa, daya daga cikin mafi kankantar kwayar a Turai. wani yanki na biyu kawai murabba'in kilomita, da kuma yawan - game da 36 da mutane dubu. GDP da capita - 170 dala dubu.

Ina sa'an nan ya yi wannan kankanin jihar mafi girma yawa? Bari mu dubi a cikin mafi daki-daki.

Kamar yadda muka ce a baya, da matakin da ci gaban tattalin arziki na kasar Faransa ta kasashe makwabta sun fi mayar dogara a kan masana'antu, noma, ayyuka da kuma bankuna.

Amma a wannan karamar kasa ne don haka kadan sarari, kuma da yawa mazauna, cewa ba masana'antu, kuma bã da wani sauran samar da kayayyaki kawai ba zai iya samar da kasar financially.

A sarauta na Monaco ci gaba ne kawai a da yarda, da yawon shakatawa sassa na tattalin arziki. Ga wasu daga cikin duniya ta fi gidan caca (a Monte Carlo birni) da kuma gudanar da mataki na "Formula 1" jinsi.

Bugu da kari a wadannan yankunan, mafi kudaden shiga zo daga lighting ya'yan sarakuna rayuwar iyali a kafofin watsa labarai, kazalika da high-karshen yawon shakatawa. Masauki a Monaco ne mafi tsada a duniya. Alal misali, hayan daya-bedroom Apartments Range nan a yankin na 4000 Tarayyar Turai da watan, yayin da talakawan ijara a 3200-3500 Yuro. Amma da kudin da murabba'in mita na dukiya a cikin sayarwa farawa daga 20 000 Tarayyar Turai.

Andorra

Idan ka duba a siyasa taswira, da wanda kasashen da shi da iyaka France, kuma ba za ka iya ganin wannan Dwarf sarauta a kan iyakar da Spain. A ƙasa na Andorra bautarka kawai 468 murabba'in kilomita. The yawan - game da 70 da mutane dubu. GDP - wani talakawan na 35,000 da capita.

Kashi 80% na} asashensu na kasar da aka bayar da yawon shakatawa Sphere. A kowace shekara zo nan game da tara mutane miliyan, da girma jawo hankalin ski mura.

Dace da aikin noma, ne kawai game da kashi biyu cikin dari na ƙasa. Girma a Andorra, dankali, da sha'ir, da taba da kuma hatsin rai. Ba abin mamaki cewa sunan kasar da Basque harshen nufin "marar amfani."

Babban matsalar da sarauta daga Andorra ne cewa matakin ci gaban tattalin arziki na kasashen makwabta - Faransa da kuma Spain - a kai tsaye sakamako a kan matsayinsa. Wannan halin da ake ciki shi ne saboda da cewa shi ne a undersized kasar shigo da abinci da kuma albarkatun kasa.

A tabbataccen da yake mai taushi haraji siyasa, m baki a cikin tattalin arzikin da ke jihar. A karshen, musamman, sa kasuwanci ta yi aiki tare da kusan babu hane-hane.

Har ila yau, akwai free cinikayya zone. Saboda haka, a cikin sarauta na Andorra, ya isa a gida ski makõma, za ka iya saya high quality-Faransa da kuma Spanish dukiya a kasa da kudin na 25-40% na farashin a kasashe makwabta.

"Asashen Waje" makwabta

A karshe za mu ambaci da Amurka kan iyaka da kasashen waje Faransa. Wadannan sun hada da Brazil, Suriname da Netherlands Antilles.

Brazil - shi ne gane a matsayin tattalin arziki giant a Latin America. Yana bautarka wani abu matsayi a cikin Mercosur (hada kasuwar ta Kudu Amurka). The main mayar da hankali na masana'antu ne kudancin yankunan. Yana samar da jirgin sama, motoci, karfe, kofi, sugar, takalma, zane da kuma sauran kayayyakin.

Yawa poorer yawan zaune arewa-maso-gabashin yankuna. Duk da haka, wadannan birane an yanzu fara jawo hankalin manyan zuba jari a cikin ra'ayi na inganta tattalin arziki da siyasa a kasar.

Ba kamar da baya giant, Suriname ne mafi talaucin kasa a yankin Latin Amurka. A tattalin arzikin jihar ta dogara ne a kan masana'antu da kuma aikin noma.
Ga cire man fetur daga seabed, haƙar zinariya da aluminum. Sara itace.

Girma Shelter, shinkafa, gujiya da ayaba. Akwai manoma tsunduma a dabbobi da kuma kaji.

A cikin duka, bisa ga hukuma kafofin a cikin wadannan yankunan suna da hannu game da kwata na aiki yawan jama'a.

Netherlands Antilles teku suna dauke su mafi tsufa a duniya. Wannan jiha zaune a kudi na sabis, man fetur refining da kuma sufuri, kazalika da gyara, daga jirgi.

Saboda haka, a wannan labarin, za mu dismantled da tattalin arziki da halin da ake ciki a wanda akwai kasashe makwabta na Faransa.

Good luck zuwa gare ku, ya ku ƙaunatattuna. Yi tafiya more!