"A Tale of Shemyakin kotu": mãkirci, m siffofin

Mu ne sha'awar da aikin ne watakila mafi m tunawa da XVII karni. Sunansa daga baya ma ya zama wani maganarsu: "Shemyakin kotu" na nufin wani m fitina, a parody na shi. Known poetic da kuma ban mamaki shirye-shirye na "The Tale of Shemyakin kotu", kazalika da ta cheap m sake kunnawa. Bugu da kari, ta haifi sanannen hikaya game da matalauta da masu arziki ɗan'uwansa.

Matsalar marubucin, kafofin

The author of "The Tale of Shemyakin kotu" ba a san, saboda shi ne asalin jama'a. Da masu bincike nemi fita irin abun ciki guda a India, Persian wallafe-wallafe. Mun kuma sani cewa wannan labarin ne sanannen marubuci Mikołaj Rej, wanda ya rayu a karni na XVII kuma ya samu lakabi na girmamawa da "uban Polish adabi." A wasu lists amince da dama "na Yaren mutanen Poland littattafai" An rubuta, "A Tale of cikin Shemyakin kotu". Tambayoyi da ta source, duk da haka, ya kasance warware matsalar ba. Babu isasshiya shaida a kan dangantakar Rasha abin tunawa ga takamaiman aiki na kasashen waje wallafe-wallafe. Gano yi nuna gaban da ake kira ya ɓace labaru, kome ba. Kamar yadda shi ne sau da yawa yanayin da Monuments na almara, barkwanci, labarbaru ba zai iya mallakar al'umma guda. Sun samu nasarar ƙaura daga wuri daya zuwa wani, kamar yadda m rikice-rikice a ko'ina, a gaskiya, m. Wannan yanayin ya sa shi musamman wuya bambanci fassara da asali adabi Monuments na XVII karni.

"A Tale of Shemyakin kotu": da abun ciki

A kashi na farko na labarin ya gaya faru (duka biyu ban dariya da kuma bakin ciki) cewa sun faru tun lokacin da matalauta manomi. Yana duk yana farawa tare da cewa ya arziki wa ya ba shi wani doki, amma ya manta game da abin wuya. A protagonist na itace-sledge ta ɗaure da wutsiya, da hawaye. Next masĩfa ya faru da wani baƙauye, a lõkacin da ya kwana a wurin firist a jefa (cewa shi ne, a kan kilishi). Ya abincin dare, ba shakka, da m firist, bai kira. Zaglyadevshis a kan lomivshiysya jita-jita daga teburin, babban harafin da gangan zashibaet baby dan firist. Yanzu ga wadannan laifuka zama matalauci kotu. Daga yanke ƙauna ya so ya kashe kansa, da kuma jefa kansa kashe wata gada. Kuma sake - gazawar. Farmer da kansa ya rage tselehonkim, amma da tsohon mutum, wanda ya sauka babban harafin, ya tafi lahira.

Saboda haka, manomi zai sami amsa ga uku laifuka. Mai karatu bukata da koli - mai wayo da alƙalin nan marar gaskiya Shemyaka, tun a nade a cikin wani zanen aljihu dutse ta karimci alkawarai, ya yanke shawarar a cikin ni'imar da matalauta baƙauye. Saboda haka, na farko wanda aka azabtar ya jira har sai da doki zai girma wani sabon wutsiya. Firist miƙa ya ba matarsa da manomi daga wanda ta kamata kai da yaro. A dan tsohon mutum wanda ya mutu a diyya kamata ya fada daga gada da kuma zashib matalauta baƙauye. Halitta, daga irin wannan mafita dukkan wadanda suka yanke shawara su biya kashe.

A ƙayyadaddu na abun da ke ciki

"A Tale of Shemyakin kotu" ne zuwa kashi biyu sassa. Kashi na farko ya kunshi uku aukuwa aka bayyana a sama. By kansu, sun ana tsinkayarsu a matsayin saba funny jokes, wanda bauta kamar yadda dangantaka. Ga su ne, kamar yadda aka dauka a waje da ikon yinsa, daga cikin babban labari, ko da yake classic misalai na labarun game da kotunan wannan ba ya lura. Bugu da kari, duk yadda aka bayyana abubuwan da suka faru a can ruwaito a baya siga. Kuma ba a halin yanzu, bambanci tsakanin "A Tale of Shemyakin kotu". Wannan yanayin ya ba da tsauri labarin na zamanin d tunawa.

Na biyu bangaren na abun da ke ciki shi ne mafi rikitarwa: ainihin sentences Shemyaka da suke cikin madubi image na yawon buxe ido matalauta baƙauye Earsbe frame - wani scene, da wanda ake kira nuna da hukunci "lada."

al'adar satire

Satire ya Popular a wallafe-wallafen na XVII karni. Gaskiyar ta bukatar za a iya bayyana ta ƙayyadaddu na rayuwar zamantakewa na cewa lokaci. Akwai wani karfafa rawar da cinikayya da kuma handicraft na yawan jama'ar, amma shi ba ya bayar da gudummawa ga ci gaban da ya yancin] an. A satire hõre hukunci da denunciation na da yawa al'amurran rayuwar zamantakewa daga waɗanda sau - da wani m fitina, prudery da munãfinci na zaman zuhudu, matsananci zamantakewa rashin daidaito.

"A Tale of Shemyakin kotu" daidai a cikin hadisin. Mai karatu na cewa lokaci lalle ne, dã sun gane cewa labarin parodies da "Code" a 1649 - mai sa na dokokin da aka miƙa wa zabi azãba dangane da yadda za a aikata laifi ya laifin. Saboda haka, domin kisan kai da dogara da kisa da kuma samar da jabun kudi da aka azabtar, ciko da makogwaro gubar. Wannan shi ne, "A Tale of Shemyakin kotu" za a iya bayyana a matsayin parody a kan tsohon magunguna.

akida matakin

A labarin ƙare da farin ciki ga shabby baƙauye, ya lashe a kan duniya daga zalunci da danniya. "Gaskiya" da karfi fiye "ƙarya." Amma ga alƙali, ya fitar da wani muhimmanci da darasi daga abin da ya faru: "A Tale of Shemyakin kotu" ƙare da leguleian san gaskiya game da "wa'adin". Duk da haka, ya ma tana da kansa hukunci, saboda in ba haka ba, wannan cobblestone zai yi ya harba da ruhu.

art siffofin

"A Tale of Shemyakin kotu" ne azumi mataki, comic yanayi a cikin abin da haruffa zo da jaddada dispassionate irin labari, cewa kawai reinforces da satirical sauti na zamanin d tunawa. Wadannan siffofin nuna kusanci na sihiri gubar zuwa zamantakewa da kuma m jama'a tãtsũniyõyin.