A tsarin da jellyfish. A tsarin da Scyphozoa

Daga cikin na cikin ruwa kwaro - mazaunan tekuna, wani rukuni na kwayoyin kira scyphoids. Bã su da biyu nazarin halittu siffofin - polypoid da medusoid halin da ilmin jikin mutum da kuma hanyarsa ta rayuwa. Wannan talifin zai bincika tsarin mai jellyfish, kazalika da fasali na rayuwar ta.

Janar halaye Class scyphoids

Wadannan kwayoyin suna daga cikin irin coelenterates da suke na musamman marine rayuwa. Scyphomedusae, hotuna da aka nuna a kasa da kararrawa ko laima siffar jiki, kuma shi kansa - m da gelatinous, kunshi mesogloea. Dukan dabbobi na wannan aji ne na biyu domin ta masu amfani da kuma ciyar a kan zooplankton.

Domin kwayoyin halin da radial (radial) fasali na jiki: anatomically m sassa, kazalika da kyallen takarda da kuma gabobin zubar radially daga tsaye cibiyar axis. Shi ne muhimmi a cikin dabba, passively iyo a cikin ruwa shafi, da waɗanda nau'in da suke da zama a gida (anemones) ko sannu a hankali creep tare da substrate (tarwada, teku urchins).

External tsarin. mazauninsu

Tun scyphoids wakilan da biyu lifeforms - jellyfish da polyps, dubi su Anatomy, wanda yana da wasu bambance-bambance. Da farko mu bincika waje tsarin da jellyfish. Kunna dabba tushe kararrawa saukar, mun sami bakin kẽwayesu da tentacles. Shi aikin ayyukan biyu: mamaye sassa na abinci da kuma kawar da ragowar undigested shi. Irin kwayoyin ake kira protostomes. The dabba ta jiki biyu Layer kunshi ectoderm da indodem. A karshen siffofin Gut (da ciki) kogo. Saboda haka sunan: da irin coelenterates.

Da rata tsakanin yadudduka na jiki da aka cika da m jelly-kamar salla - mesoglea. Ectodermal Kwayoyin aiki da goyon bayan, motor kuma m aiki. The dabba yana da wani fata-murdede jakar, samar da motsi a cikin ruwa. A ilimin Halittar Jiki tsarin da jellyfish ne wajen rikitarwa, kamar yadda ecto- da indodem an bambanta a cikin daban-daban cell iri. Bayan rufe da tsoka a cikin matsanancin Layer ne mafi matsakaici Kwayoyin, regenerative aiki alama (na wanda za a warke cikin lalace rabo daga dabbobi jiki).

Abin sha'awa da tsarin neurocytes a scyphoids. Su star-siffa da su tafiyar matakai entwine da ectoderm da indodem, kafa gungu - majalisai. A juyayi tsarin na irin wannan ne ake kira yaxuwa.

Indodem da ayyuka

A ciki Layer siffofin a scyphoids gastrovascular tsarin daga hanji lumen haskoki tashi narkewa kamar tashoshi liyi da glandular (secreting narkewa kamar ruwan 'ya'yan itace), kuma phagocytic Kwayoyin. Wadannan Tsarin ne babban Kwayoyin cewa karya saukar abinci barbashi. A narkewa ma hannu fata da kuma murdede tsarin da jakar. Sun samar da pseudopods membrane, kuma m mai retractors kwayoyin barbashi. Phagocytic Kwayoyin da pseudopods narkewa ne da za'ayi iri biyu: kwayuka (kamar protists) da kuma cavitary muhimmi sosai shirya kwayar dabbobi.

harbin Kwayoyin

Muna ci gaba da karatu da tsarin Scyphozoa da kuma la'akari da inji ta wanda dabbobi ne kare, kazalika da hari a kan wani m azabtar. A scyphoids akwai wani din sunan: Cnidarians aji. Sai dai itace cewa a cikin ectodermal Layer, su aka shirya musamman Kwayoyin - nettle, ko harbin, har yanzu kira knidotsitami. Suna located a kusa da bakin da a kan dabba tentacles. A karkashin mataki na inji samuwar kasashe thread dake a cikin kwantena nettle Kwayoyin hanzari fitad da kuma keta da aka azabtar da jiki. Scyphoids gubobi, iya shiga knidotsel ne m zuwa plankton kwaro da kifi larvae. A cikin mutane da suka haifar da cututtuka na urticaria da kuma fata hyperthermia.

hankula

Tare da gefuna da jellyfish kararrawa, photo gabatar a kasa, za ka iya ganin taqaitaccen tentacles, da ake kira iyaka Kwayoyin - rhopalium. biyu azanci shine sashin jiki samu a su: gani (idanu da cewa amsa zuwa ga haske) da kuma ma'auni (statocysts, da ciwon wani nau'i na farar ƙasa pebbles). Tare da su taimako scyphoids koyi game da wani gabatowa hadari: sauti tãguwar ruwa a cikin kewayon 8 zuwa 13 Hz hangula statocysts da kuma dabbobi da sauri ke zurfi a cikin teku.

Haihuwa tsarin da haifuwa

Ci gaba da karatu da tsarin a jellyfish (hoto da aka nuna a kasa), zai mayar da hankali a kan haihuwa tsarin scyphoids. An wakilta gonads, na Aljihuna kafa na ciki da rami da ciwon ectodermal asalin. Tun da waɗannan dabbobi ne iri guda ba, da kwai da kuma maniyyi ya fita ta bakin da kuma hadi faruwa a ruwa. Zygote farawa, kawar da kafa guda-Layer jam - blastula, kuma daga gare ta - tsutsa kira planuly.

Yana gudãna, kyauta, da aka sa'an nan a haɗe zuwa substrate da kuma zama wani polyp (stsifistomu). Yana iya toho, amma shi ne ma iya strobilation. Ulla wani tari na matasa jellyfish kira esters. Suna a haɗe zuwa tsakiyar shaft. A tsarin da jellyfish, ware daga strobe, shi ne wannan: shi yana da radial tashar tsarin, baki, tentacles, rhopalium da kuma bullar na jima'i gland.

Saboda haka, tsarin ya bambanta daga jellyfish asexual stsifistomy mutane wanda yana da conical siffar da kuma girman 1-3 mm ne a haɗe zuwa surface via da zangarniya. Bakinka kewaye kambi na tentacles, da kuma na ciki rami ya kasu kashi 4 Aljihuna.

Yadda za a motsa scyphoids

Medusa m jet propulsion. Ta abruptly Firaministan da rabo daga ruwa da kuma motsa gaba. Umbrella na dabba a lokaci guda rage wa 100-140 sau da minti. Nazarin tsarin Scyphozoa, misali, ko Rhizostoma Aurelia, mun lura da irin wannan ilimin Halittar Jiki Tsarin kamar fata-murdede jakar kwai. An located a cikin ectoderm, Kwayoyin dace ta efferent na tsarin jijiya baki fiber zobba da nodes. Zumudi yana daukar kwayar cutar fata-murdede Tsarin, don haka da cewa laima aka matsa, sai tashin hankali, turawa da dabba gaba.

Features na da lafiyar qasa scyphoids

Wadannan wakilan da aji na coelenterates kowa a dumi tekuna, da kuma a cikin sanyi Arctic ruwa. Aurelia - Scyphozoa, jiki tsari wanda muka yi karatu, na zaune a cikin Black, Azov. Akwai tartsatsi da kuma sauran wakilin wannan aji - Rhizostoma (rizostoma). Ya Milky-fari laima da shunayya, ko blue gefuna da kuma protuberances baka lobes kama asalinsu. Vacationers a cikin Crimea yawon bude ido ne Masani game da irin wannan da kuma kokarin zama a cikin wanka daga cikin wakilan fita kamar yadda harbin dabba Kwayoyin zai iya sa mai tsanani "konewa" na jiki. Ropilema, kazalika da Aurelia, na zaune a cikin Tekun Japan. Launi ta rhopalium ruwan hoda ko yellow, kuma suna da yawa yatsa-kamar growths. Mesoglea laima na biyu jinsin amfani a kitchen na Sin da Japan da ake kira "crystal nama."

Tsianeya - mazauni na sanyi Arctic ruwa, shi ne mafi girma a jellyfish. Length ta tentacles kai 30-35 m, kuma laima diamita - 2-3.5 m Lion ta Mane ko tsianeya Hairy yana da biyu subspecies :. Japan da kuma shudi. A dafin harbin Kwayoyin located a gefuna da laima da kuma a kan tentacles, shi ne mai hadarin gaske ga mutane.

Mun yi nazarin tsarin da Scyphozoa, da kuma samu matsahi na saba da peculiarities na rayuwa.