Deepest wuri a Duniya - Mariana tare mahara

Its sunan ne mafi zurfi wuri a duniya ne saboda da Mariana Islands, wanda aka located kusa da nan. Wannan zurfin teku ƙullunku, located in da tekun Pacific, a yammacin. Deepest wuri a duniya ya kai 10911 mita, ta tsawon shi ne game da 2500 kilomita, da kuma nisa - kusan kilomita 80. Gangara ta sosai m kwana na son nawa zuwa wani talakawan na game 8 digiri. A kasa ne zuwa kashi da dama sassan na sashen kogin. Abin sha'awa, da matsa lamba a zurfin game da goma sha kilomita sama zuwa 109 megapascals, cewa fiye da 1.090 sau da al'ada yanayi matsa lamba.

A farko wanda ya yi ƙarfin halin bincika mafi zurfi wuri a duniya, sun Birtaniya bincike. Turanci-oceanographers, masana kimiyya da za'ayi su aiki a canja uku-masted Corvette yaki "Challenger" a 1875. A warship aka canza kama zuwa wani sailing bincike jirgin ruwa domin nazarin halittu, meteorological da hydrological aiki. Sai tẽku zurfin ciki ayyana ta zurfin-ruwa da yawa a cikin 8367 mita. Duk da haka, na farko mafi daidai bayanai game da zurfin Mariana tare mahara ya iya samun kawai a shekarar 1951. A cewar ma'aunai samar da mafi zurfi wuri a duniya daidai da 10.863 mita an sanar. Bayan haka, Mariana tare mahara zama da aka sani da suna "Challenger Deep". Ya kamata gudanar da bincike da Mariana tare mahara, masana kimiyya na Tarayyar Soviet. Our oceanographers, masu bincike a 1957 gudanar da wani binciken na Mariana tare mahara. Sakamakon ji daga matsakaicin ƙullunku zurfin ya daidaita 11 022 mita. Bugu da kari, a lokacin da wannan balaguro kafa wanzuwar rayuwa a zurfin fiye da bakwai kilomita. Kamar wancan ne aka karyata wanzu a lokacin da ra'ayin cewa rayuwa a cikin teku, a zurfin 6-7 kilomita ba zai yiwu ba. Ya jagoranci wani balaguro sai Aleksey Dmitrievich Dobrovolsky, sanannen Soviet oceanographer. Shi ya na uku balaguro zuwa "Vityaz" kamar yadda ta shugaban. A shekarar 1992, "The Knight" da aka mika wa sabon kafa Museum of Duniya Ocean. Kusan shekaru biyu seagoing jirgin ruwa gyara a factory, kuma a cikin Yuli 1994 shi da aka sanya a wajen ajiyar motoci a Maritime Museum of birnin Kaliningrad.

Deepest wuri a duniya na farko a duniya don ganin Don Walsh, a Amurka Navy jami'in da Zhak Pikar, sanannen mai bincike, oceanographer daga Switzerland, Janairu 23, 1960. Suka nutsa cikin wani sulke bathyscaphe "Trieste". Bisa ga shaidar na'urorin shigar a kan jirgin, Walsh da Piccard gangara zuwa matakin na 10 917 mita. na nutse lokaci ya kusan sa'o'i biyar da Yunƙurin - kimanin sa'o'i uku, da lokacin ciyar kai tsaye a kan kasa na testers, amounted zuwa 12 ne kawai minti. Duk da haka, wannan dan gajeren lokaci, shi ya isa ya sa a sa mamaki bincike na kimiyya: da suka samu irin wannan plaice lebur kifi na game da 30 santimita.

A shahara Canadian darektan da screenwriter Dzheyms Kemeron a watan Maris na shekarar 2012, sabon guda-seater submersibles kai kasa na ƙullunku da Mariinsky ya zama haka ne da na uku mutum a duniya, tun kasance a kasan da Mariinsky ciki da kuma na farko da ya yi shi kadai. Ya sauko cikin zurfin jãhilci fiye da biyu da rabi hours, ya zauna a nan game da sa'o'i uku, kuma har zuwa surface daga cikin teku kawai a kan sa'a - 70 minutes.

Japan masana kimiyya, oceanographers gano a 2005 a cikin Mariana tare mahara goma sha uku jinsunan baya ba a sani ba zuwa kimiyya unicellular. Modern zurfin-ruwa na'urorin aka ba kawai gyarawa a duniya most zurfin da motsi na jikinsu, ba a sani ba zuwa kimiyya na marine dabbobi.

Daga baya, da nisa daga surface daga cikin teku da kasa na rami ne kullum kayyade. An dauke da mafi m nazari a 1997 da Japan masana kimiyya. Suka nuna cewa zurfin Mariana tare mahara - 10 911.4 mita.