A yankin - menene wannan? Ma'anar kalmar "mazauninsu"

A yankin - wani yanki a farfajiya na ƙasar, ko ruwa, wanda daukan wani irin shuka, dabbobi, kifaye. Akwai ma wani kimiyya da karatu da fitowan, ci gaba, da wanzuwar yankunan - areology. Human tasiri a kan namu duniya shi ne irin abin da za mu iya da gangan ko ba da gangan tura, halaka, da kuma wani lokacin ƙirƙirar mazauninsu ga wasu jinsunan halittu.

A siffar cikin kewayon

A cikin binciken da wani irin masana kimiyya zana da kwane-kwane Lines a kan taswira mazauninsu. Wajibi ne a yi nazarin da fahimtar yadda kuma abin da irin rayuwarsu. Nemo biyu m siffofin mazauninsu ba zai yiwu ba, fãce ga irin wariya a lokacin da dama jinsunan suna kulle a tsibirin.

Areal - mai zane a kan taswira, wanda ke nufin iyakar mazauninsu irin. Yana iya zama m, karya cikin da dama guda ko tef, ya miƙa tare da bankunan na koguna, duwãtsu na depressions. Wuraren kiwon za a iya gauraye, a nan, misali, wasu iri oak girma massively a tsakiyar Rasha da kuma a kudu suna miƙa a line.

Lokacin da wani jinsin aka yada a kan manyan yankunan, da dama nahiyoyi, shi ne ake kira cosmopolitan. Yawancin lokaci shi ne undemanding jinsunan tsira a daban-daban climatic zones, ninka hanzari, da kuma yara da kuma mutane ba zai iya yanka da baya a kan su daga alƙarya karkashin wani sifili.

A sakamakon sauyin yanayi na iya bambanta da siffar zangon. Da yawan zafin jiki da kuma zafi ne ya fi karfinsu ga jinsin, kuma ta fara mutuwa. Irin wannan nau'in kira relic, suna da sosai kadan saura yankin.

Very kama da relict endemic jinsunan cewa wanzu a kan wani karamin, amma barga mazauninsu.

nadi

Don rarrabe tsakanin su, da kuma samun a cikin yankunan da taswirar, su ne suka kirkiro samfurin lambobi. Bayan duk, idan yankin - shi ne geographically sanannun wuri, to, shi yana da wani longitude da latitud. Duk da haka, yanayin damina, muhimmanci ga kowane irin halittu masu rai, suna dogara a kan tsawo saman teku matakin. Saboda haka, cikin kewayon yawan nomenclature kunshi da latitud bangaren - da tsawon da zone daga arewa zuwa kudu, longitude bangaren - da tsawon da zone daga gabas zuwa yamma, da tsawo bangaren - vertically zuwa ƙasa.

Girma jeri

A yankin a ilmin halitta - shi ne wani yanki na dama murabba'in kilomita, wanda ya yi kawaici a musamman irin dabba ko shuka. Wannan na iya zama wani ɓangare na ƙasar, ko ruwa, wanda bautar da biyu daga kilomita zuwa daruruwan kadada. A karkashin daya daga cikin sukayi fassara, jeri suna bambanta da su size daga kunkuntar gida zuwa duniya.

Karami, kuma ƙasƙantar da su ne ƙasar dabbobi. Wannan na iya zama wani kwari ko, conversely, wani dutse range, inda da sauyin yanayi da kuma musamman fasali na abun da ke ciki na kasar gona ya ɓullo da wani takamaiman irin Hazel kuma babu inda kuma ya tsira. Shi ne kuma mai kyau misali na zangon ne kunkuntar gida kogon. Halittun da suke zaune a wadannan yanayi, da ake kira endemic, kamar ƙasa, irin ƙwaro-Bryzgunov wanda rayuwa ne kawai a cikin daya ko biyu ridges Caucasian. Kusan duk irin flightless kwari ne endemic.

Next a size ne gida habitats domin su - subregional da kuma na yankin. Poliregionalny yanki yawan jama'a - a ƙasa da kara ɗe fadin dama nahiyoyi, amma ba fiye da uku, wani misali na irin da ya magance wata ptarmigan. Habitats a Eurasia kuma dauke poliregionalnymi. Bayan dukkan nau'o'in iya zama cikin Turai, Siberia da kuma Far East. Amma yawanci irin wannan wuraren halayyar domin na cikin ruwa dabbobi, kifaye, da shuke-shuke.

A cosmopolitan yankin - wani sashi wadda daukan akalla uku nahiyoyi. Irin wannan tartsatsi, wasu jinsunan na cikin ruwa da kuma fadama shuke-shuke, marine dabbobi da kwari.

misalai daga alƙarya

Wuraren kiwon dabbobin da yawa na da tsire-tsire ne kusan guda. Ka tuna, domin tabbatar ka san irin dabba da cewa na zaune da yardar kaina kawai a cikin steppes, tundra, Marshes, yashi. ya san a yankin, abin da ya ci, za a iya boye da kuma asali. A cikin steppe irin jinsin su ne hamsters, ƙasa squirrels, daji kyankyasai da sauransu. Lapland plantain tsiro a tundra da boreal mujiya rayuka da ke farauta ita a cikin taiga gandun daji. A zangon za a iya kara a halittarsa, yawanci tare koguna ko dutse jeri. Wannan shi ne saboda yanayin halaye. Mutane da yawa wetland dabbobi rayuwa a wadannan wuraren da ruwa tare kifi da wata mafita face su zauna a cikin kogin.

Wani lokaci iyakar zangon bayyana a sakamakon zaune a ƙasashen waje domin ta irin mai yin gasa. Alal misali, Sable, marten sau da yawa rayuwa gefe da gefe, amma a kan ƙasa da maƙwabcinsa, kada ya tafi.

A dalilan da rata yankunan

Halitta mazauninsu irin - wannan ba dole ba ne a ci gaba da yankin, akwai kuma gibba. Wannan ya faru domin daban-daban dalilai. A zamaninmu, babban dalilin da rata yankunan zama mutum. Deforestation, da na'urar dams, draining na dausayi, gina hydroelectric iko shuke-shuke - duk da wannan take kaiwa zuwa nau'i nau'i na jinsin dabbobi, tsirrai da kwari.

Sai ya faru da cewa yanayin damina babu wani bambanci, amma yankin - shi ne ma mai hoto-a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar, wanda alama da yankin iyaka, yana da wuya a bayyana. Mai yiwuwa a baya bambance bambancen yanayin damina, da kuma irin da aka raba, ya sa a ƙwaƙwalwar cewa rarraban yanki ne m ga shi. A sauki misali ne cewa da yawa jinsunan shuke-shuke da dabbobi rayuwa a garesu na Ural Mountains, amma a kansu ba su da wadannan iri. A chamois ga mai tsayi Conversely, ragewan da tsawo daga cikin rabuwa yanki zama. A wannan irin chamois yanzu a kan daban-daban duwãtsu.

Stability mazauninsu iyakoki

Border, ko alama a kan taswira, amma ba za su iya ko da yaushe canza. Zai yiwu ne kawai marar sakewa tsibirin habitats. All sauran canje-canje ta hanyar sauya yanayin damina. Lokacin da sanyi winters da m kankara ɓawon burodi deer fara ƙara da Abubuwan Taɗi, je zuwa sabon yankunan a search na abinci, in ba haka ba za su iya kashe shi. Eger ciyar da su zuwa ga ci gaba a cikin kewayo.

A matsayin sakamako na Warming iya narke kankara da kuma karye sau guda yankin. A wannan yanayin, wanda irin iya raunana, ba su da lokaci zuwa daidaita da sabon yanayi, kuma zai maye gurbin sauran. Found kawai burbushin halittu jayayya irin wannan labari. Saboda haka da cewa yankin - wannan ba wani barga yankin zone, ga wanda ya kamata mu yi yãƙi. Duk da mutãnensa: "Shin, kana so ka zama - koyi ga juya!"