Afghan siyasa Mohammad Najibullah: biography, tarihi da kuma hanyarsa ta rayuwa

Bãwan sau da yawa, Mohammad Najibullah sami ƙarfin ba don ya bashe su mutane da kuma kasar su. Munin kisan tsohon shugaban kasar gigice ba kawai magoya bayansa amma kuma makiya, ya fusatar da duk Afghanistan mutane.

biography

Mohammed Najibullah - dattaku, shugaban Afghanistan daga shekarar 1986 zuwa 1992. An haife shi a kauyen Milan, kusa da birnin Gardez, Agusta 6, 1947. Mahaifinsa, Akhtar Mohammad yi aiki a cikin ofishin jakadancin a Peshawar, kakan - shugaba Ahmedzai kabilar. Mohammad Najibullah yara ciyar kusa da Pak-Afghanistan iyaka, akwai sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare.

A shekarar 1965 Najibullah shiga jam'iyyar Democrat da kuma jagoranci doka dimokaradiyya dalibai. A shekara ta 1969, ya aka kama domin kiran mutane zuwa ga shiri na tawaye, musharaka cikin zanga-zangar da yajin aiki. A Janairu 1970 ya aka sake kama shi, wannan lokaci domin batanci Amurka, kuma ya yi gāba da neutrality kasar. A lokacin zanga-zanga, ya kuma dalibai sun jejjefeshi qwai inji Spiro Agnew - mataimakin shugaban kasar na Amurka.

A farko gudun hijira

A shekarar 1975, Mohammad Najibullah sauke karatu daga Medical University a Kabul, sa'an nan ya fi mayar da hankali a kan ayyukan jam'iyya, a 1977 aka nada memba na kwamitin tsakiya na jam'iyyar PDP na Afghanistan. Bayan juyin juya halin da ya jagoranci a Saur Revolutionary Council da kuma wani ɓangare na kwamitin a Kabul. Amma rashin jituwa a cikin jam'iyyar ya tilasta masa barin birnin kasar, Najibullah aka aika zuwa Iran a matsayin jakada. Amma a watan Oktoba 1978 ya aka cire daga ofishin da kuma hana dan kasa, inda Mohammad Najibullah aka tilasta tafi zuwa Moscow, inda yake boye har Disamba 1979 har Soviet sojojin ba su shiga cikin ƙasa da Afghanistan.

makõma take

Back a kasar, Najibullah fara kai jami'an tsaro, kara da ma'aikatan dubu talatin da ma'aikata, da farko 120 persons yi aiki a cikin tsaro da sabis. Amma sai ya ba su yarda su yi aiki a cikin zaman lafiya, mutane da yawa kungiyoyi, gami da "Amnesty International", zarge shi da hannu a cikin m kama, azabtarwa da kuma keta hakkin dan Adam. Amma babu wata hujja na zargin ya ba, a lokacin da yake sabis a Khad ya ba irin wannan taro tsõro da kuma lalata nasu mutane kamar yadda a zamanin mulkin Amin.

Afghanistan: Mohammad Najibullah - Shugaba

Nuwamba 30, 1986, Najibullah ya zama shugaban Afghanistan. Amma tun da ya dawo zuwa kasar jagoranci a jam'iyyar fara sake tsaga: wasu goyon Karmal, da sauran - yanzu shugaban kasa. Don ko ta yaya sulhu da yaƙe jam'iyyun, a Janairu 1987 shi soma wani da'awarsu 'a kasa sasantawa. " Jawabi ya furta karshen aiki tashin da kuma magance rikicin ta hanyar lumana da tattaunawa.

A watan Disamba, 1989, a cikin kwanaki bayan Soviet sojojin tsallake daga Afghanistan, da Mujahideen kaddamar da wani hari a kan Jalalabad. Mohammad Najibullah sanar da dokar ta baci a kasar. Maris 5, 1990, da fitina daga cikin kama halkistami. A mayar da martani, kasar ministan tsaron kasar Shahnawaz Tanai shirya m tawaye. Mafaka a cikin daya daga cikin bunkers, Mohammad Najibullah umurni da danniya na tawaye, juriya da aka niƙa ta farkon watan Maris. A Oganeza na tawaye ya gudu zuwa Pakistan, inda ya baya shiga cikin band Hekmatyar.

Cin Amanar a kan kõwane

A shekarar 1990, Shevardnadze samarwa ya kawar da hukumar da aiki a Afghanistan, ta yanke shawarar amincewa, a lokaci guda dakatar da samar da makamai. Saboda haka, kasar da aka bar ba tare da goyon bayan Tarayyar Soviet, da kuma tare da shi, da kuma shugaban kasar Nadzhibulla Mohammad. Kimiyyar siyasa - da kimiyya na m, kuma m, na gaba duka ya Amurka. A shekarar 1991, Dzheyms Beyker hannu da umarni a kan ƙarshe na makamai da kuma harsasai kayayyaki bambamcin jam'iyyun a Afghanistan. Wannan ƙwarai rage rinjayar Najibullah. Afrilu 16, 1992 mika masa post Najibullah Abdur Rahim Hatefu, wanda zaci riko shugabancin. Kuma a watan Afrilu na wannan shekara , Janar Dostum shirya wani juyin mulkin da ya kawo iko da Mujahideen.

A cikin kaka na shekarar 1992 da generals Hekmatyar da Massoud zargi juna da cin amanar da kuma barin soja kayan aiki da kuma makamai warehouses, bar Kabul. A daidai wannan lokaci da Tarayyar Soviet narkar da ofishin jakadancin a Afghanistan. Najibullah da magoya bayan miƙa mafakar siyasa a kasar zuwa yawan kasashe, ciki har da Rasha da kuma Amurka, amma ya yanke shawarar zama a cikin Kabul, ba ta yarda ta jefa kasar cikin irin wannan mawuyacin lokaci.

Kafin kama birnin da ya gudanar ya yi sumoga matarsa da kuma 'yar'uwar da yara a Delhi. A Kabul, sun ɗan'uwansa, Shapur Ahmadzai, shugaban tsaro Dzhafsar, shugaban ofishin Nadzhibulla Mohammad kuma Toohey. Journey of rayuwa tilasta tsohon shugaban kasar da su nemi mafaka a ofishin jakadancin na {asar India, sa'an nan a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Gwamnatin kasar, kullum canja a 1995 da kuma 1996, nema don en Najibullah. The wuya shi ne mai duka ya buge da tsohon majiɓinta. Kozyrev (ministan harkokin wajen kasar) ya ce cewa Moscow ba ya so ya yi wani abu da ya yi tare da saurã daga baya gwamnatin a Afghanistan.

The Last gwarzo

Satumba 26, 1996, da kungiyar Taliban ya ci Afghanistan babban birnin kasar, Kabul, Najibullah da magoya bayan da aka dauka daga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ofishin. Sai aka tambaye ka shiga wani daftarin aiki a kan amincewa da Pakistan-Afghanistan iyaka, amma ya ƙi. Bayan mafi azabtarwa mai tsanani, ya yanke masa hukumcin kisa da tsohon shugaban kasar Mohammad Najibullah. A kisa ya faru a ranar 27 ga Satumba, Najibullah da ɗan'uwansa daura a mota da kuma jan zuwa fadar shugaban kasa, inda nan rataye.

Rufe Najibullah bayan da kwastan na Musulunci da Taliban dakatar, amma mutane har yanzu ya tuna da girmama ƙwaƙwalwar: mutane a Peshawar da kuma Quetta asirce karanta a kan addu'arsa. Lokacin da jikinsa da aka har yanzu mika wa Red Cross, Ahmadzai kabilar, inda kakansa ya kasance shũgaba, aka binne shi a ƙasarsa ta garin Gardez.

A cikin goma sha biyu da ranar tunawa da mutuwar Najibullah farko tattara haduwa domin girmama tunawa da shi. Shugaban jam'iyyar na Afghanistan "Vatan" Dzhabarhel da shawarar cewa Mohammad Najibullah aka kashe makiya da kuma abokan da mutane a kan umarni daga waje. A 2008 binciken da mazauna nuna cewa 93,2% na yawan mutane a cikin ni'imar Najibullah.