Agriculture: oilseeds. Shrovetide Rasha al'ada

Pancake da shũka zauna a wuri na musamman a fannonin aikin noma a cikin ƙasa na Rasha Federation. Fats, wanda ake samu daga su tsaba da 'ya'yan itatuwa, ne na musamman darajar.

Oilseeds: jerin shuke-shuke

Plantings ana amfani da masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci, aiki a matsayin daya daga babban albarkatun kasa na noma. Mafi na kowa Shrovetide Rasha al'ada - fyade, mustard, waken soya, Castor, sunflower. Jerin ma ya ƙunshi perilla, lallemantia, sesame, safflower, gyada da sauransu. Sarrafa man fetur da amfanin gona ne daya daga cikin babban kwatance na Primary Industries.

sunflower

Ya shugabantar jerin, wanda ya gabatar da Pancake filin amfanin gona. Sunflower, a} asa ƙasa fara noma da tsakiyar 18th karni. Tare da wannan ajali lokaci oilseeds yada Kuban, Saratov da Voronezh yankunan. By farkon duniya na biyu sunflower shagaltar game da miliyan 3. Ha. Muhimmanci ci gaban wannan shuka za a iya lura a Bulgaria, Hungary da kuma Romania.

Ilimin kididdiga data a kan Rasha Federation

A m amfanin ƙasa na sunflower ne game da 4-5 ton a kowace kadada. A shekarar 2011, a kudancin yankin fihirisa 14.5 c / ha, kuma a cikin Volga - 10.7 c / ha. Farms samar game da 27% na al'ada. Babban dalilai ne low amfanin ƙasa, kuma agronomic cuta juyawa namo hanyoyin. Tare da wannan ba karshe muhimmancin tasiri na parasites, cututtuka da kuma kwari. Duk da haka, sunflower - mafi kudin-tasiri, high-mai amfanin gona. A 2006-2010 da rabo daga amfanin gona ya game 12%. Daga cikin na kowa Manuniya na samar da sunflower man amfanin gona ya dauki 80%. A Soviet lokacin da aka yi imani da cewa mafi cikakken pollination hekta cimma tare da 0.5-1 kudan zuma iyali. By farkon 70s zuma yawan aiki da aka kiyasta a 16.3-3.5 kg / ha. Tun wannan lokacin muhimmanci karu da jerin hybrids da iri na sunflower girma a Rasha.

Sinadirai masu darajar sunflower

The mai hidima a matsayin farko samfurin aiki al'adu. Bugu da shi da aka samu daga sunflower iri-iri gefen feed. Alal misali, guda darajar ne da yin amfani da shuka mai tushe a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara masana'antu. Sun gabatar da oda na 40-48% na cellulose. Bugu da ƙari kuma, sunflower stalks ana amfani da a samar da fiber allon. Tartsatsi shuka a noma - aka yi amfani da matsayin fodder amfanin gona. A bushe karshen lokacin rani a amfanin gona dasa gare kore taro da aka samu. Ta, bi da bi, da ake amfani da su sa silage.

Pancake flax

Yana da aka yada yafi a bushe da dumi yankuna. A musamman, da al'adun da aka girma a yammacin, Tsakiya da kuma Kudancin Asia, ta Kudu, Arewa da kuma Amurka ta tsakiya. Kwanan nan aka gudanar da dama gwaje-gwajen gano yiwuwa na ta namo a Tsakiya da Turai. Pancake flax ne a branched low shuka. Ya ke tsiro zuwa 50-80 cm., Dangane da yawan rassan samar da sarari dabam daga 2 zuwa 10, kuma mafi. Flax man da ake amfani a masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci. Bugu da kari, shi hidima a matsayin albarkatun kasa domin Paint da fata da kuma takalma masana'antu. Flax cake na da sinadirai masu darajar high da ake amfani a shirya tattara abinci domin kiwo shanu. Shi ne yanzu gina jiki, da zare da man fetur. Lilin cake quite iya digested shanu. Saboda gina jiki aka gyara ba, a cikinta, kara da ake samu, da kara yawan kitsen a cikin madara. Flax rauno za a iya amfani da a yi na rubuta takarda. Har ila yau, wannan mai amfanin gona da amfani a cikin Pharmaceutical masana'antu.

Musamman namo flax

Kafin juyin juya halin a Rasha aiki da wannan al'ada ya quite m. Kawai a cikin Soviet lokaci a jihar da kuma na gama gonaki sun iya kara amfanin gona. Wannan an samu ta hanyar yin amfani da mechanization. Horar da shuke-shuke, yafi matsakaici ba tare da sashe a tushe, amma da ciwon wani reshe daga tsakiyar kara. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, da flax zaruruwa amfani don samar da takarda ko cottonization. Wannan samarwa na da matukar kowa a Amurka. Kara Shrovetide flax yawanci iko fiye da kadi, kuma shi yana da wani karami zaruruwa.

fari mustard

Wannan mai amfanin gona da suka zo daga Rum, Eastern Indiya da yammacin Turai. Tun zamanin da, mustard aka yi amfani a matsayin magani ganye da yaji. Kamar yadda oilseeds shi aka yi amfani da kwanan nan. Duk da cewa shi nasa ne da Yarov plantations, shi yana da iyaka rarraba. A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, mustard abubuwa a matsayin wani tsaka-tsaki fodder amfanin gona.

waken soya

Wannan sigar shekara-shekara ganye cikin iyali legumes. A waken soya tushen musamman kwayoyin cuta ba, saboda abin da na yi hira da aka kwashe nitrogen dauke a cikin yanayi. Soy gina jiki arziki (40-45%), fats (20%), carbohydrates (30%). Yana kuma ya ƙunshi daban-daban ma'adinai abubuwa (game da 5-6%). A da furotin da kuma amino acid abun da ke ciki na wani sa na waken soya ne dauke da mafi kusa analogue zuwa dabba abinci. Manufacturing shuke-shuke suna girma kullum. Saboda haka, shi ya kasance a matakin 156,5 miliyan. Ton. Wannan adadi ya wuce Figures for 1991-1995 da 30% daga 1998 shekara.

waken soya girma yanki

A Rasha a yau ne game da 280 ton na wake a kowace shekara. Mafi yawansu suna amfani da shi don ciyar da manufar. Babban waken soya girma yankunan:

1. Arewa Caucasus, Rostov yankin., Krasnodar yankin Adygea, Kabardino-Balkaria, Ingushetia. Akwai aka located game da 9.6% da kuma namo ne da za'ayi fiye da 13% babban amfanin ƙasa.
2. Far East (Amur yankin., Khabarovsk da Primorsky Krai). A wannan yankin, akwai fiye da 88% na amfanin gona. Rabo babban amfanin ƙasa na ET ne 86% na kasar.
3. Gabashi da yammacin Siberia, Ural da Volga yankuna. Akwai aka located kamar 1.5% na amfanin gona da aka yi da kuma tsari na 1% babban amfanin ƙasa.

gujiya

Wannan mai amfanin gona da aka shigo da daga Turkey a 1792. A 1825 farko yunkurin acclimate a Odessa gujiya da aka dauka. Yau, a kananan yankunan da shuka an girma a cikin jamhuriyoyin da Caucasus da kuma Asiya ta tsakiya. Kirki ba ana horar da su samar da edible man fetur daga ta tsaba. The rabo daga cikin samfurin lissafta game da 53% na jimlar. Amma ga matakin na furotin a kirki ba, shi ne na baya zuwa daya soya. Daya tonne na hulled tsaba a kan talakawan, daga 226 zuwa 317 kg na man fetur. Ainihi, wannan samfurin da aka yi amfani da confectionery da canning masana'antu. A milled gyada tsaba suna amfani da Additives a lokacin yi na cakulan. Fi da kuma bagasse ana amfani da forage don dabbobi. A komin dabbobi ne ba up to 11% gina jiki. By ta sinadirai masu darajar ba na baya fi Clover da alfalfa. Domin masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci na musamman iri suna girma. Suna da wake dandano. Gasashe tsaba irin abinci da ake ci, murƙushe amfani da Additives domin confectionery kayayyakin.